Medical Terminology, Summaries of Latin language

Download Medical Terminology and more Summaries Latin language in PDF only on Docsity! Medical Terminology Dr Monem Alshok 5 . 3 . 2015 Medical Terminology Most Medical Terms come from Greek ( Diagnosis & Surgery ) Latin Language (Anatomical terms ) Med Term  The Root in pericarditis is A . –itis B. Peri - C . Card Medical Term The suffix in Physiology is ; A. Logy B. physi- C. O Divide into components word parts SuffixCombining Vowel RootMT logyOCardiCardiology logyOBiBiology gramOMammMammogram scopyOBronchBronchoscopy itisArthrArthritis alinguinInguinal iaPneumonPneumonia logyO OncOncology Gastroduodenoscopy Two Root One Root Three root One combination do not need a combining Vowel : A . Dermat + it is B . Dermat + logy C . Micr + Scopy Basic Elements of a Medical Word 1. Word Root 2. Combining Form (جزء من كلمة قابل للمزج مع كلمة أخرى) 3. Suffix 4. Prefix These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS. Word Root  Main part or foundation of a word.  All words have at least one word root.  A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form a complete word. IE: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) = SPEAKER (complete word) Example of word root Word AnalysisMeaning Word RootG or L A term that describe skin disease SkinDermat or DermDermatos ( Gr ) A term that describe Kidney disease KidneyNephrNephros ( Gr ) A term that describe mouth disease MouthStomatStoma ( Gr ) A term that describe anatomic tissue layer SkinCutaneCutis ( L ) A term that describe anatomic structure MouthOrOris ( L ) A term that describe anatomic structure KidneyRenRenes ( L ) Word Root Examples “dent” means tooth “dermat” means skin “cardi” means heart “gastr” means stomach “pancreat” means pancreas Combining Forms Correct pronunciation of medical words is important. In order to make the pronunciation of word roots easier, sometimes it is necessary to insert a vowel after the root. The combination of a word root and a vowel is known as a COMBINING FORM. Word-Building System  By understanding the meanings of word roots, one can determine the meaning of complex medical terms by putting together the smaller parts. Leukocytopenia Word Roots: Leuk / (white) cyt / (cell) Combining Vowel / o / Suffix: / penia (decrease)  A combining vowel is used between a word root and a suffix that begins with a consonant (not a vowel).  This is to make pronunciation easier. Word root: scler / (hardening) Suffix: / derma (skin) Term: Scler / o / derma (hardening of the skin) Combining vowel Review  A combining vowel IS used to link one root to another root, and before a suffix that begins with a consonant.  A combining vowel IS NOT used before a suffix that begins with a vowel. Prefixes  A prefix is a word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root.  Adding or changing a prefix changes the meaning of the word.  The prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or direction.  Many of the same prefixes found in medical terminology are also found in the English language > Fw EXAMPLES OF PREFIXES mF. This table lists examples of prefixes as well as their phonetic pronunciations. Begin learning the pronunciations as you review the information below. Prefix + WordRoot + Suffix Medical Word Meaning a- + mast + “ia = amastia without a breast (without) (breast) (condition) a-MAS-t6-4 hyper- + therm + a = hyperthermia condition of (aXcessive, (heat) (condition) hi-pér-THER-meé-a excessive heat above narmal) intra- 4 muscul + “ar = intramuscular within the (in, within) (muscle) (relating to) in-tra-MUS-KiHar muscle miacro- 4+ card + “ia = macrocardia condition of a (large) (heart) (condition) mak-ro-KAR-de-a large heart micro- + card + a = microcardia condition of a (small) (heart) (condition) mi-kro-KAR-de-a small heart Defining Medical Words When you analyze gastroenteritis following the three previous rules, the meaning is revealed as: 1. inflammation (of) 2. stomach (and) 3. intestine Thus, the definition of gastroenteritis is “inflammation (of) stomach (and) intestine.” Building Medical Words  There are three basic rules for building medical words.  Rule #1 – A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.  Rule #2 – A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant.  Rule #3 – Use a combining form to link a root to another root to form a compound word. Medical Terminology LT Word Root + ECT ya Meaning chondr/ osteochondritis cartilage inflammation osteoarthritis Os-t@-0-dr- inflammation THRItis inflammation of bone and cartilage inflammation of bone and joint