Medical Terminology, Exams of Nursing

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Infection Control Terminology airborne precautions (ehr-born pree-kaw-shuns) o measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted from an infected person by pathogens propelled through the air on particles smaller than 5 µm in size to a susceptible person’s eyes, nose, or mouth antibody (an-tih-bah-dee) o a type of protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind, such as an infecting organism, a chemical, or some other foreign body antimicrobial (an-tih-my-crow-bee-uhl) o able to destroy or suppress the growth of pathogens and other micro-organisms antiseptic (an-tih-sep-tick) o a substance that reduces the number of pathogens present on a surface asepsis (ae-sep-sis) o methods used to assure that an environment is as pathogen-free as possible aseptic (ae-sep-tick) o as pathogen-free as possible bacteriostasis (back-teer-ee-oh-stay-sis) o the inhibition of further bacterial growth chlorhexidine (klor-hex-uh-dine) o an antibacterial compound with substantial residual activity that is used as a liquid antiseptic and disinfectant contact precautions (kon-takt pree-kaw-shuns) o measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by the physical transfer of pathogens to a susceptible host’s body surface contamination (kuhn-tam-eh-nay-shun) o the process of becoming unsterile or unclean disinfectant (dis-in-feck-tunt) o any chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful organisms droplet precautions (drop-let pree-kaw-shuns) o measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted from an infected person by pathogens propelled through the air on particles larger than 5 µm in size to a susceptible person's eyes, nose, or mouth endemic (en-dem-mick) o prevalent in or characteristic of a particular environment endogenous (en-dodge-uh-nuss) o produced within an organism or system rather than externally caused epidemic (ep-ih-dem-mick) o extremely prevalent or widespread exogenous (ecks-odge-uh-nuss) o externally caused rather than produced within an organism or system flora (flawr-uh) o the aggregate of bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms normally found in a particular environment, such as the gastrointestinal tract or the skin hyperendemic (high-purr-en-dem-mick) o at an especially high level of continued incidence in a population Personal Hygiene Terminology  activities of daily living (ADLs) (ak-tih-vih-tees ov day-lee lih-ving [ae-dee-els]) o tasks performed routinely during the course of a typical day, such as walking, eating, bathing, brushing the teeth, and grooming  adaptation (ad-ap-tay-shin) o adjustment to changes in circumstances such as those resulting from illness or disability  alopecia (al-oh-pee-she-uh) o hair loss  athlete's foot (tinea pedis) (ath-leetz foot [tin-ee-uh pee-dis]) o a chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin of the feet, typically between the toes  buccal (buk-uhl) o pertaining to or directed toward the bucca (cheek), the fleshy portion of the side of the face that makes up the lateral wall of the oral cavity  callus (cal-uhs) o a thickening of or a hard thickened area on skin  canthus (can-this) o the angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eye  cheilosis (kih-low-siss) o manifestation of vitamin B complex deficiency characterized by reddened lips with fissures at the angles of the mouth  closed bed (clozd bed) o a bed prepared in a hospital room with the top sheet, blanket, and bedspread drawn up to the head of the mattress under the pillows  corn (korn) o often painful and inflamed circumscribed lesion of thickened skin, usually on the toes and caused by pressure or friction from ill-fitting shoes  cuticle (kew-tih-kul) o the narrow band of epidermis extending from the nail wall onto the nail surface  dental caries (den-til care-ees) o tooth decay  dental plaque (den-til plak) o a sticky film accumulating on the teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria; also called tartar  drawsheet (draw-sheet) o linen item placed under the patient's torso and used to lift and reposition the patient  excoriation (eks-core-ee-ay-shin) o skin abrasion typically resulting from scratching  expectorate (ek-speck-tir-ate) o to expel fluid or secretions from the mouth, throat, or lungs by coughing and/or spitting  fanfolding (fan-foal-ding) o applying the proximal half of a piece of linen in successive layers lengthwise for the purpose of tucking it under the patient and rolling the patient over it while stripping or making an occupied bed  fissure (fih-shur) o a break, slit, or tear in soft tissue, often at the junction of skin and mucous membrane  foreskin (for-skin) o fold of skin covering the glans penis (head) of an uncircumcised penis; also called prepuce  gingiva (jin-jih-vuh) o the part of the oral mucosa covering the tooth-bearing border of the jaw; also called gums (plural: gingivae)  gingivitis (jin-jih-vie-tis) o inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling, and intermittent bleeding  halitosis (hal-ih-toe-sis) o bad breath  hygiene (hy-jeen) o personal maintenance of cleanliness  hypoallergenic (hy-poe-al-er-jen-ik) o unlikely to cause an allergic (hypersensitivity) response  incontinence (in-con-tih-nence) o involuntary release of urine from the bladder or feces via the anus  incontinent pad (in-con-tih-nent pad) o disposable material with waterproof backing placed under a patient's buttocks to contain body fluids  ingrown toenail (in-groan tow-nale) o painful condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into the soft flesh of that toe o a sticky film accumulating on the teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria; also called dental plaque  thrush (thrush) o a fungal infection in the mouth and/or throat caused by Candida albicans and manifesting as white patches and ulcers  urethra (yur-ree-thra) o a narrow tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body Vital Signs Terminology  antipyretic (an-tih-pie-RET-ick) o a substance or procedure that reduces fever  apnea (ap-nee-uh) o temporary or transient cessation of breathing  auscultatory gap (aws-kul-tuh-torr-ee gap) o temporary disappearance of sounds usually heard over the brachial artery, occurring when the cuff pressure is high and is gradually reduced, with the sounds again heard at a lower level of pressure (usually occurring in patients who have hypertension)  axillary (ak-suh-leh-ree) o pertaining to the axilla, the cavity beneath the junction of a forelimb and the body; also called the armpit or the underarm  brachial pulse (bray-kee-uhl puhls) o beating or throbbing felt over the brachial artery, usually palpated in the antecubital space  bradycardia (brad-ih-car-dee-uh, also bray-dih-car-dee-uh) o an abnormally slow pulse rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minutes in an adult  bradypnea (brad-ip-nee-uh) o an abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually fewer than 12 breaths per minutes in an adult  cardiac output (car-dee-ack owt-put) o the amount of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart during one minute; the product of the heart rate and the stroke volume  Celsius (sell-see-uhs) o relating to the international thermometric scale on which 0° is the freezing point and 100° is the boiling point; centigrade  centigrade (sen-tih-greyd, also sahn-tih-greyd) o relating to the international thermometric scale on which 0° is the freezing point and 100° is the boiling point; Celsius  core temperature (kor tem-per-uh-chur) o the amount of heat in the deep tissues and structures of the body, such as the liver  diastolic pressure (die-uh-stahl-ick preh-shur) o the force exerted when the heart is at rest in between each beat; the lowest pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times  dyspnea (disp-nee-uh, also dis-nee-uh) o the sensation of difficult or labored breathing  eupnea (yoop-nee-uh) o normal respiration  Fahrenheit (fahr-unh-hite) o relating to the temperature scale on which 32° is the freezing point and 212° is the boiling point  febrile (febb-rile) o feverish; pertaining to a fever