Medical Terminology and Surgical Procedures, Exams of Nursing

Download Medical Terminology and Surgical Procedures and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 NBSTSA Certification Exam Which of the following structures is located in the alveolar processes? A.Teeth B.Villi C.Sinuses D.Tonsils - ANSWER A. Teeth • The teeth are located in the socket's of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae. Which of the following is the wound classification for a bronchoscopy? A.Clean B.Contaminated C.Dirty & Infected D.Clean-Contaminated - ANSWER D. Clean-Contaminated •Clean-Contaminated procedures include those when the aero- digestive tract is entered. The bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth and into the bronchial tubes. The procedure is considered clean, not sterile. The enzyme used to soften the zonules of the lens before cataract surgery is: A.Atropine sulfate B.Alpha-Chymotrypsin C.Acetylcholine chloride D.Pilocarpine hydrochloride - ANSWER B. Alpha-Chymotrypsin •Alpha-Chymotrypsin is a solution used to soften the zonules holding the lens before cataract surgery to ease extraction of the lens. How should the structure be oriented when necessary to use an elevator to transport a patient to the OR? 1 A.Place stretcher sideways in elevator B.Enter head first, exit feet first C.Position in elevator is irrelevant D.Enter feet first, exit head first - ANSWER B. Enter head first, exit feet first •The patient should be placed in the elevator entering head first and exit feet first when being transported to the OR on the stretcher. Which of the following is a curved, transverse incision across the lower abdomen frequently used in gynecological surgery? A.Midline B.Paramedian C.McBurney's D.Pfannenstiel - ANSWER D. Pfannenstiel • Pfannenstiel's incision is a curved transverse incision across the lower abdomen and used frequently in gynecologic surgery When perforated metal trays are placed on the shelves of the steam sterilizing cart, they should be positioned: A.Flat B.Upside down C.Vertical D.Angled - ANSWERA. Flat •Metal trays that are perforated or have a mesh bottom should be placed on the sterilizing cart flat. Hyperkalemia is a high concentration of: A.Calcium B.Nitrogen C.Potassium D.Albumin - ANSWER C. Potassium 1 Which portion of the stomach surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter? A.Cardia B.Fundus C.Pylorus D.Antrum - ANSWER A. Cardia •The cardia is the portion of the stomach that surrounds the superior opening of the stomach. Low-level disinfectants kill most microbes, but do not destroy: A.Viruses B.Bacteria C.Fungi D.Spores - ANSWERD. Spores •Low-level disinfectants kill most types of bacteria and some fungi and viruses, but do not kill spores and M. Tuberculosis Syndactyly refers to: A.Cleft palate B.Webbed fingers C.Fused tarsals D.Torn ligaments - ANSWER B. Webbed fingers •Webbing of the digits is syndactyly The surgical pack utilized to create the sterile field should be opened on the: A.Stretcher B.OR table C.Backtable D.Mayo stand - ANSWER C. Backtable 1 •Surgical packs should be opened on the backtable. The islets of langerhans secrete: A.Bile B.Insulin C.Intrinsic factor D.Inhibiting hormones - ANSWER B. Insulin • The islets of langerhans secrete glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. What type of procedure would involve the removal of teeth? A.Cleft palate repair B.Arch bar application C.Extractions D.Implants - ANSWER C. The removal of a tooth or teeth is an extraction procedure. The resection of the soft tissue and excision of the bone surrounding the tooth prior to the removal is called odontectomy. Which organism is a normal resident flora of the intestinal tract? A.Escherichia coli B.Staphylococcus aureus C.Pseudomonas aeruginosa D.Clostridium tetani - ANSWER A. Escherichia coli •Escherichia coli is a gram-negative rod that is part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract of humans and is also an opportunistic bacteria. Where should the first scrub surgical technologist stand when handing towels to the surgeon to square off an incision site? A.Opposite side from surgeon B.Same side as surgeon C.Foot of OR bed 1 D.Head of OR table - ANSWER B. Same side as the surgeon •When using four towels for squaring off the incision site, the first towel will be passed when standing on the same side as the surgeon. A properly performed surgical scrub renders the skin: A.Sterile B.Disinfected C.Surgically clean D.Moistened and dehydrated - ANSWER C. Surgically clean •The skin is rendered surgically clean when properly performed surgical scrub is done. Through which of the following do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty? A.Ampulla of Vater B.Duct of Santorini C.Wirsung's duct D.Sphincter of Oddi - ANSWERA. Ampulla of Vater •The pancreatic ducts join at the ampulla and vater Which of the following identifiers must be verified by the patient or their ID bracelet prior to transporting a patient to the OR? A.Name, social security number, physician B.Name, medical record number, allergies C.Name, date of birth, diagnosis D.Name, date of birth, physician - ANSWER D. Name, date of birth, physician •The patient should be identified by name, date of birth, and physician on their ID bracelet prior to transporting the patient to 1 •Sliding doors are usually used in the OR because they eliminate air currents caused by swinging doors, but a disadvantage is they do not aid in controlling OR temperature. What are the three factors for reducing ionizing radiation exposure? A.Type of procedure, equipment, radiation dose B.Exposure, frequency, concentration C.Time, shielding, distance D.Site, age, gender - ANSWER C. Time, shielding, distance •Time relates to the length of time the surgical technologist is exposed to the ionizing radiation. Shielding means donning lead aprons and other lead shield devices for protection from the radiation. Distance means standing as far away as possible out of the path of the direct beam of ionizing radiation. Which is the first part of the small intestine? A.Duodenum B.Jejunum C.Ileum D.Cecum - ANSWERA. Duodenum •The duodenum starts at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach What is the surgical position frequently used for patients undergoing kidney surgery? A.Prone B.Lateral C.Supine D.Lithotomy - ANSWER B. Lateral •The surgical position frequently used for patients undergoing kidney surgery is the lateral position with the operative site exposed. 1 How are rickettsiae transmitted? A.Arthropod bites B.Physical contact C.Blood exposure D.Airborne organisms - ANSWER A. Arthropod bites •Most rickettsiae are obligate intracellular parasites. They are usually transmitted by arthropod vectors. Which of the following is an examination of the cervix using a binocular microscope? A.Colposcopy B.Laparoscopy C.Urethroscopy D.Hysteroscopy - ANSWER A. Colposcopy •A binocular microscope is used during an examination of the vagina called a colposcopy. "Colpo" is a word root that means vagina. Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called: A.Tamponade B.Pericarditis C.Infarction D.Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER A. Tamponade •Tamponade is the compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or fluid within the pericardium. Which surgical team member determines when the patient can be transported from the OR to the PACU? 1 A.Anesthesia provider B.Circulator C.Surgeon D.Surgical technologist - ANSWER A. Anesthesia provider •The anesthesia provider decides when the patient is stable and ready for transport from the OR to the PACU Which suffix means surgical puncture to remove fluid? A.-dynia B.-tomy C.-lysis D.-centesis - ANSWER D. -centesis •The suffix -centesis means surgical puncture. When combined with arthrocentesis, it means surgical puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove fluid. To which portion of the colon is the appendix attached? A.Ascending B.Descending C.Cecum D.Sigmoid - ANSWER C. Cecum •The appendix is attached to the cecum. Which laboratory test determines bacterial identification? A.Gram stain B.Manual count C.Prothrombin time D.Gel electrophoresis - ANSWER A. Gram stain •A gram stain determines the shape and grouping characteristics of bacteria. 1 B.Anaerobes C.Capnophiles D.Microaerophiles - ANSWER B. Anaerobes •Bacteria that can live without oxygen are anaerobes. Which of the following is an abnormal tract between two epithelium-lined surfaces that is open at both ends? A.Epithelialization B.Fistula C.Herniation D.Sinus - ANSWER B. Fistula •A fistula is an abnormal tract that is open at both ends; it most often develops after bladder, bowel and pelvic procedures. What is the action of antagonist drugs? A.Inhibit the clotting process B.Achieve neuroleptanesthesia C.Increase the effects of opiates D.Counteract the action of another drug - ANSWER D. Counteract the action of another drug •An antagonist drug neutralizes or impedes the action of another drug, that is, reverses its effects. Which of the following directional terms describes the type of skin prep of an entire extremity? A.Spiral B.Horizontal 1 C.Longitudinal D.Circumferential - ANSWER D. Circumferential •Circumferential is the term that describes the type of skin prep of an entire extremity. What organs are excised if an ovarian tumor is malignant? A.Bilateral ovaries only B.Bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries, uterus C.Unilateral involved ovary and fallopian tube D.Unilateral involved ovary and fallopian tube, uterus - ANSWER B. Bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries, uterus •If a tumor of an ovary is found to be malignant, the surgeon will excise both ovaries, both fallopian tubes, and the uterus to ensure that all cancer cells have been removed. Which term refers to an abnormal thoracic curve of the spine referred to as "hunchback"? A.Lordosis B.Scoliosis C.Kyphosis D.Alkalosis - ANSWER C. Kyphosis •Kyphosis is an exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the spine, resulting in a condition commonly called "hunchback". What is the medical term for a bunion? A.Talipes valgus B.Hallux valgus 1 C.Hallux varus D.Talipes varus - ANSWER B. Hallux valgus •Hallux valgus is the medical term for a bunion, which is a bony exostosis located on the medial side of the first metatarsal head of the big toe. What incision is also known as a lower oblique? A.Inguinal B.Paramedian C.Infraumbilical D.Thoracoabdominal - ANSWER A. Inguinal •Another name for a lower oblique incision is inguinal incision. The small intestine attaches to the posterior abdominal wall by the: A.Mesentery B.Peritoneum C.Falciform ligament D.Lesser omentum - ANSWER A. Mesentery •The mesentery binds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall. What is the term for a relationship in which two organisms occupy the same area and one organism benefits while the other is unharmed? A.Commensalism B.Neutralism C.Mutualism D.Parasitism - ANSWER A. Commensalism 1 What is the surgical position commonly used for thyroid and gallbladder surgery? A.Supine B.Fowler's C.Reverse trendelenburg D.Lateral kidney - ANSWER C. Reverse trendelenburg •The reverse trendelenburg position provides good exposure of the operative site for a thyroidectomy and allows the viscera to fall away or toward the feet to provide better exposure of the gallbladder A congenital defect in which the fetal blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta does not close is: A.Coarctation of the aorta B.Patent ductus arteriosus C.Tetralogy of fallot D.Ventricular septal defect - ANSWER B. Patent ductus arteriosus •Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital defect when the fetal blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta does not close. Which of the following is a commonly used preservative for tissue specimens? A.Saline B.Formalin C.Ethyl alcohol D.Lugol's solution - ANSWER B. Formalin •Formalin is the most common preservative solution that tissue 1 specimens are placed in. 1 What is the first step taken for an initial incorrect closing sponge count? A.Notify surgeon and repeat count B.X-ray patient C.Check body cavity D.Complete incident report - ANSWER A. Notify surgeon and repeat count •The surgeon should be immediately notified and a recount completed. The mumps may be diagnosed by finding inflammation in which of the following glands? A.Sublingual B.Thyroid C.Parotid D.Submandibular - ANSWER C. Parotid •The parotid glands are located inferior and anterior to the ears between the skin and masseter muscle. The parotid glands are attacked by the mumps virus. What institutional document is completed when an adverse or unusual event takes place in the OR that may have legal consequences for the staff or patient? A.Incident report B.Operative record C.Deposition report D.Advance directive - ANSWERA. Incident report •An event/incident report is completed by members of the surgical team that are witness to any unusual or adverse event that affected the care provided to the surgical patient. 1 A.Direct B.Indirect C.Femoral D.Hiatal - ANSWER A. Direct •Hernias that occur within hesselbach's triangle and do not have a sac are a direct inguinal hernia. Which of the following incisions is oblique? A.Epigastric B.Kocher C.Paramedian D.Pfannenstiel - ANSWER B. Kocher •The kocher is a type of oblique incision used for exposing the biliary tract (right side) or spleen (left side). Which of the following dilators are used in the common duct? A.Pratt B.Van buren C.Bakes D.Hegar - ANSWER C. Bakes • Bakes common duct dilators are used to dilate the common bile duct during an exploration for gallstones. Which of the following is a mechanical method of hemostasis? A.Laser B.Ligature 1 C.Thrombin D.Electrosurgery - ANSWER B. Ligature •Ligature, also called ties or stick ties when a needle is attached, are strands of suture material used to tie off a blood vessel to stop bleeding. The organ that is connected by a duct to the duodenum is the: A.Pancreas B.Gallbladder C.Stomach D.Liver - ANSWER A. Pancreas •The pancreas lies posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach; it's ducts join the CBD to form the ampulla of vater. A brain tumor causing alteration of muscle tone, voluntary muscle coordination, gait and balance would likely be located in the: A.Diencephalon B.Cerebellum C.Medulla D.Pons - ANSWER B. Cerebellum •The functions of the cerebellum include regulating the initiation and termination of voluntary movements of the body, regulating the muscle tone that is necessary for body movements and controlling the subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles. What is the term for a relationship that benefits one organism at the expense of another? A.Commensalism 1 B.Neutralism C.Mutualism D.Parasitism - ANSWER D. Parasitism •Parasitism is a relationship when an organism benefits at the expense of the host microorganisms. What type of disease is characterized by rapid onset and and a rapid recovery? A.Acute B.Chronic C.Primary D.Asymptomatic - ANSWER A. Acute •An acute disease is one that has a rapid onset and is followed by a speedy recovery. Which organelle is responsible for the production of energy? A.Lysosomes B.Mitochondria C.Golgi complex D.Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER B. Mitochondria •Mitochondria produce energy-rich ATP. What type of anesthesia is a combination of inhalation and intravenous drugs? A.Spinal B.Sedation C.Regional 1 Which surgical procedure is performed to correct an abnormality in which the urethral meatus is situated on the superior aspect of the penis? A.Hypospadias repair B.Epispadias repair C.Meatotomy D.Ureteroneocystostomy - ANSWER B. Epispadias •An epispadias repair is performed to correct the congenital absence of the anterior wall of the urethra and abnormal location of the urethral orifice on the dorsum of the penis. Which thermal method of hemostasis utilizes intense, focused light? A.Laser B.Bipolar C.Harmonic D.Monopolar - ANSWER A. Laser •The laser provides an intense and concentrated beam of light. What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage? A.Hypotension B.Hypertension C.Meningioma D.Meningitis - ANSWER B. Hypertension • The most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage is hypertension. The larynx is located between the: A.Pharynx and trachea 1 B.Nasal cavity and pharynx C.Trachea and bronchi D.Nasal and oral cavities - ANSWER A. Pharynx and trachea •The larynx is a small passageway between the pharynx and the trachea. The most common cause of retinal detachment is: A.Aging B.Trauma C.Glaucoma D.Inflammation - ANSWER B. Trauma •Trauma is the most common cause of retinal detachment. What postoperative complication is associated with total hip arthroplasty? A.Compartment syndrome B.Upper extremity weakness C.Urinary incontinence D.Pulmonary embolism - ANSWER D. Pulmonary embolism •Pulmonary embolism can be caused by fat which dislodges after fracture of a long bone or pelvis, or when performing a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following is a type of passive drain? A.Penrose B.Hemovac C.Pleur-evac D.Jackson-Pratt - ANSWER A. Penrose 1 • The Penrose drain is a passive drain made from latex that relies on gravity for wound drainage. The vocal cords are located in the: A.Pharynx B.Larynx C.Trachea D.Bronchus - ANSWER B. Larynx •The larynx is the location of the vocal cords. What type of acquired immunity is a vaccination? A.Artificial passive B.Artificial active C.Natural passive D.Natural active - ANSWER B. Artificial active •Vaccination is artificially acquired active immunity. When would the anesthesia provider request cricoid pressure? A.Bier block B.Epidural injection C.Endotracheal intubation D.Endotracheal extubation - ANSWER C. Endotracheal intubation •Cricoid pressure occludes the esophagus to prevent regurgitation. Which instrument would be used during a keratoplasty to remove the cornea? 1 A.Latrogenic B.Liability C.Battery D.Tort - ANSWER A. Latrogenic •A patient that sustains injury, either unintentional or intentional, caused when a healthcare provider is caring for the patient is called an iatrogenic injury. The highly vascular layer of the eye that absorbs light rays and nourishes the retina is the: A.Sclera B.Iris C.Choroid D.Macula - ANSWER C. Choroid •The choroid is highly vascularized and provides nutrients to the posterior surface of the retina. According to maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is the patient satisfying when he/she trusts the surgical teams abilities? A.Physiological B.Belonging C.Esteem D.Safety - ANSWER D. Safety •Safety refers to the patients perception that his/her environment is safe and free from danger. Which aneurysm usually develops between the renal and iliac arteries? 1 A.Ascending thoracic 1 B.Aortic arch C.Descending thoracic D.Abdominal aortic - ANSWER D. Abdominal aortic •Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur chiefly below the renal arteries and between the renal and iliac arteries. The agent used to flush an artery to prevent clotting is: A.Heparin B.Thrombin C.Protamine sulfate D.Ringer's lactate - ANSWER A. Heparin •Heparinized saline is an irritating solution used to flush the inside of an artery. What is the next step for reattachment of a severed digit after debridement? A.Vessel reanastomosis B.Nerve reanastomosis C.Bone-to-bone fixation D.Tendon-to-tendon fixation - ANSWER C. Bone-to-bone fixation •The bone-to-bone fixation is first accomplished followed by reanastomosis of blood vessels and nerves. What type of skin graft includes the epidermis and all of the dermis? A.Composite B.Split-thickness C.Pedicle 1 the leg and transport oxygen to prevent tissue necrosis. Which organism causes gas gangrene? A.Clostridium perfringens B.Clostridium botulinum C.Staphylococcus aureus D.Staphylococcus epidermidis - ANSWER A. Clostridium perfringens •Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene. Chest rolls should span the distance bilaterally between which two anatomical structures? A.Nipple to umbilicus B.Iliac crest to iliac crest C.Scapula to gluteus maximus D.Acromioclavicular joint to iliac crest - ANSWER D. Acromioclavicular joint to iliac crest •Chest rolls should span the distance bilaterally between Acromioclavicular joint to iliac crest. Which ossicle of the middle ear covers the oval window? A.Malleus B.Incus C.Stapes D.Utricle - ANSWERC. Stapes •The stapes covers the opening between the middle and inner ear known as the oval window. 1 What is another name for the kraske position? A.Dorsal recumbent B.Jackknife C.Trendelenburg D.Beach chair - ANSWER B. Jackknife •Jackknife is another name for the kraske position. What type of sponge is tightly rolled cotton tape used by surgeons for blunt dissection? A.Raytec B.Kittner C.Weck-cel D.Cottonoid - ANSWER B. Kittner •Kittner dissecting sponges are small rolls of cotton tape that are tightly rolled and used by the surgeon for blunt dissection. The sponge is loaded on the tip of a clamp, such as a kelly. Which of these instruments would be used during a keratoplasty? A.Kilner hook B.Bowman probe C.Kerrison rongeur D.Cottingham punch - ANSWER D. Cottingham punch •The Cottingham punch is used to create the correct size of the donor cornea during a keratoplasty. 1 A partially dislocated joint is called: A.Subluxation B.Malrotation C.Avulsion D.Malunion - ANSWER A. Subluxation •A complete displacement of a joint or displacement of one articular surface from another is called luxation, and a partial dislocation is called a subluxation. What condition is characterized by build-up of fatty deposits such as cholesterol? A.Embolism B.Thrombosis C.Arteriospasm D.Arteriosclerosis - ANSWER D. Arteriosclerosis •A disorder when fatty deposits form on the walls of arteries is known as arteriosclerosis. Plaster rolls for casting should be submerged in which of the following? A.Lukewarm saline B.Lukewarm water C.Cold saline D.Cold water - ANSWER B. Lukewarm water • Plaster rolls used in casting should be submerged in slightly lukewarm water at approximately 70-75 degrees fahrenheit. The avascular, clear portion of the eye covering the iris is the: 1 •Gas sterilizers operate at a lower temperature as compared to steam sterilizers. The gas sterilizer operates between 85-145 degrees fahrenheit. Which of the following actions would be a violation of aseptic technique? A.Cuffing the hands within the drape B.Sterile person reaching over sterile surface C.Repositioning penetrating towel clip D.Sterile surgical members passing face to face - ANSWER C. Repositioning penetrating towel clip •If a towel clip penetrates a sterile drape, the tips of the clip must be considered contaminated, and should not be removed until the end of the procedure. Which legal principle applies when the patient is given the wrong dose of the local anesthetic? A.Res ipsa loquitor B.Respondeat superior C.Bona fide D.Assault - ANSWER A. Res ipsa loquitor •Res ipsa loquitor means "the thing speaks for itself." It refers to the harm to the patient resulting from a given act when the caregiver had sole control. The space between the vocal cords is called the: A.Epiglottis B.Glottis C.Vocal fold 1 D.Cricoid cartilage - ANSWER B. Glottis •The glottis is the space between the vocal cords. 1 Which bacteria could be found in a penetrating wound caused by a rusty nail? A.Treponema pallidum B.Bacillus anthracis C.Clostridium tetani D.Helicobacter pylori - ANSWER C. Clostridium tetani • Clostridium tetani could possibly be found in a penetrating wound, caused by a rusty nail. Which of the following retractors is used for spinal nerve roots? A.Taylor B.Love C.Cushing D.Meyerding - ANSWER B. Love •The love nerve root retractor is used during spinal procedures, such as a laminectomy to gently retract the nerve roots. What is another name for the electrosurgical unit's patient return electrode? A.Cautery B.Generator C.Foot pedal D.Grounding pad - ANSWER D. Grounding pad •Another name for the electrosurgical unit's patient return electrode is a grounding pad. What size of Foley catheter is commonly used for adults? 1 •Blood pressure is measured in two numbers, systolic over diastolic. The relaxation phase of the heart beat is called the diastolic blood pressure. A term referring to a waxy secretion in the external ear canal is: A.Mucous B.Sputum C.Cerumen D.Perilymph - ANSWER C. Cerumen •Cerumen is another term for earwax. Which of the following is an ossicle of the middle ear? A.Pinna B.Incus C.Labyrinth D.Vestibule - ANSWER B. Incus •The auditory ossicles of the middle ear are the malleus, incus and stapes. What is the term for the process of removing blood from an extremity prior to inflating the pneumatic tourniquet? A.Exsanguination B.Extravasation C.Evisceration D.Evacuation - ANSWER A. Exsanguination • Exsanguination is the term for the process of removing blood from an extremity. 1 Which of the following may require probing and dilating in pediatric patients with upper respiratory infections? A.Sinus cavities B.Eustachian tube C.Nasolacrimal duct D.Tympanic membrane - ANSWER C. Nasolacrimal duct •The nasolacrimal duct carries the lacrimal fluid and tears into the nasal cavity. The duct can become obstructed in pediatric patients who experience chronic URI's. Which surgical team member is responsible for setting up the sterile field? A.Surgical first assistant B.Surgical technologist C.Circulating nurse D.Surgeon - ANSWER B. Surgical technologist •The surgical technologist is responsible for setting up the sterile field. In what circumstances would cell-saver transfusion be contraindicated? A.Anemic patients B.Diabetic patients C.Cancer patients D.Orthopedic procedures - ANSWERC. Cancer patients •Cell-saver transfusion cannot be used in the presence of cancer cells, gross contamination or infections. Use of an intraluminal (circular) stapler (EEA) would be indicated 1 for which of the following surgical procedures? 1 A.Hourly 1 B.Daily C.Weekly D.Monthly - ANSWER B. Daily •The Bowie-dick test is only used for pre-vacuum sterilizers to check for air entrapment and is conducted daily. The spiral, conical structure of the inner ear is the: A.Cochlea B.Stapes C.Vestibule D.Labyrinth - ANSWER A. Cochlea •The cochlea is a bony spiral canal in the ear. What is the name of the condition in which a loop of bowel herniates into the Douglas's cul-de-sac? A.Cystocele B.Rectocele C.Enterocele D.Omphalocele - ANSWER C. Enterocele •An enterocele is a herniation of Douglas's cul-de-sac that usually contains loops of the bowel. Which of these conditions is characterized by a fleshy encroachment of conjunctiva onto the cornea? A.Chalazion B.Pterygium 1 C.Strabismus D.Ecchymosis - ANSWER B. Pterygium •Pterygium is a fleshy encroachment of conjunctiva on the cornea. Which procedure would be listed in the OR schedule for a patient undergoing surgical treatment of uterine fibroids? A.Pelvic exenteration B.Cervical cerclage C.Colporrhaphy D.Myomectomy - ANSWER D. Myomectomy •A myomectomy is the procedure performed for the removal of fibromyomas or fibroid tumors from the uterine wall. Where is a Baker's cyst located? A.Olecranon process B.Greater tubercle C.Popliteal fossa D.Carpal tunnel - ANSWER C. Popliteal fossa •Baker's cysts affect the popliteal fossa. Which of the following is a method of high-level disinfection? A.Peracetic acid for 30 minutes B.2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes C.Steam under pressure for 10 minutes D.Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma for 75 minutes - ANSWER B. 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes 1 Which of the following terms means a prolapsed bladder causing a bulge in the anterior vaginal wall? A.Rectocele B.Cystocele C.Enterocele D.Herniation - ANSWER B. Cystocele •A cystocele is a herniation of the bladder that causes a downward bulge in the anterior vaginal wall, usually as a result of surgical trauma, age, or weakness of the supporting muscles of the bladder due to childbirth. How many hours must the steam sterilization biological indicator incubate? A.6 B.12 C.18 D.24 - ANSWER D. 24 •The steam sterilization biological indicator must be incubated for 24 hours before the reading is recorded. The nasal sinus located between the nose and the orbits is the: A.Frontal B.Sphenoid C.Ethmoid D.Maxillary - ANSWER C. Ethmoid •The ethmoid sinus is located between the nose and orbits. What is the definition of otosclerosis? 1 A.Earache B.Tinnitus C.Tearing of tympanic membrane D.Bony overgrowth of stapes - ANSWER D. Bony overgrowth of stapes •Otosclerosis is the formation and hardening of spongy bone in the ear. Which of the following terms describes a fracture in which the bone penetrates the skin? A.Comminuted B.Compound C.Simple D.Closed - ANSWER B. Compound •A compound or open fracture is one when the bone has penetrated the skin layer and protrudes through the opening. For which of the following procedures would a mcburney incision be indicated? A.Appendectomy B.Cholecystectomy C.Herniorrhaphy D.Gastrectomy - ANSWER A. Appendectomy •The mcburney incision is primarily used for removal of the appendix. What degrees Celsius is the steam sterilization biological indicator incubated? A. 43-48 B. 49-54 1 C. 55-60 D. 61-66 - ANSWER C. 55-60 •The steam biological indicator must be incubated at a temperature of 55-60 degrees Celsius. What is the medical term for removal of the uterus? A.Salpingectomy B.Oophorectomy C.Myomectomy D.Hysterectomy - ANSWER D. Hysterectomy •Hysterectomy is the medical term that means removal of the uterus. "Hyster" is the root word that means "uterus" and "- ectomy" is a suffix meaning "removal of excision of." Which of the following methods removes small organic particles and soil from the box locks and ratchets of instruments? A.Ultrasonic washer B.Manual cleaning C.Washer-sterilizer D.Enzymatic soak - ANSWER A. Ultrasonic washer •The ultrasonic cleaner uses the process of cavitation to remove small organic particles and soil from the areas of instrumentation that can't be accomplished through manual or mechanical cleaning. What is the medical term for nosebleed? A.Rhinitis B.Sinusitis 1 B.Pean 1 C.Allis D.Schnidt - ANSWER A. Brown-adson •The brown-adson tissue forceps are used during minor procedures to grasp tissue. Which endoscope is used to visualize the heart and major vessels? A.Ventriculoscope B.Bronchoscope C.Mediastinoscope D.Angioscope - ANSWER D. Angioscope •The angioscope is used for visualization of the heart and major vessels. The goal of the surgical scrub is to lower the population of which flora to an irreducible minimum? A.Parasitic B.Resident C.Transient D.Enteric - ANSWER B. Resident • Resident microbes habitually live in the epidermis, deep in the crevices and folds of the skin. Which needle is used during the bladder suspension procedure for treating stress incontinence in women? A.Stamey B.Chiba C.Dorsey D.Tru-Cut - ANSWER A. Stamey 1 •The Stamey procedure involves suspending the fascial attachments of the bladder to the rectus fascia with sutures placed through a Stamey needle. Which procedure can be performed without making an incision to treat varicose veins? A.Sclerotherapy B.Varicocelectomy C.Vein ligation D.Vein stripping - ANSWER A. Sclerotherapy •Sclerotherapy is the injection of sodium chloride, dextrose or saline solution into the small varicosities to destroy the lumen. When repairing a direct hernia, the surgeon works within the anatomical triangle formed by the inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels and the lateral border of the rectus abdominis called: A.Femoral B.Anterior C.Hesselbach's D.Calot's - ANSWERC. Hesselbach's •There are many anatomical triangles throughout the body to aid the surgeon and surgical team in describing the location of a pathology. A direct hernia presents through hesselbach's triangle. Which of the following is the correct postoperative sequence of actions completed by the surgical technologist? 1. Assist with postoperative patient care 2. Remove drapes 3. Remove gown and gloves 1 Oophro/o is the root word for which anatomical structure? A.Ovary B.Uterus C.Cervical os D.Fallopian tube - ANSWER A. Ovary •Oophro/o is the root word for ovary. In which of the following would absorbable suture be contraindicated? A.Peritoneum B.Muscle C.Intestinal anastomosis D.Vascular anastomosis - ANSWER D. Vascular anastomosis •When a vascular anastomosis is being performed, it requires the ability to heal and have a long term, secure anastomosis; therefore, absorbable suture would not be used. During a cesarean section, which organ is freed from the uterus to prevent injury? A.Pelvic ligaments B.Ureters C.Fallopian tubes D.Bladder - ANSWER D. Bladder •Before the incision is made in the uterus, the bladder is dissected free from the uterus and refracted inferiorly. Which of the following refers to the absence of pathogens? A.Pathological 1 B.Aseptic C.Septic D.Nosocomial - ANSWER B. Aseptic •Aseptic means without sepsis or no pathogens are present. What must be done prior to positioning a patient undergoing a posterior lumbar laminectomy? A.Attachment of arm boards B.Padding of knees C.Endotracheal intubation D.Skin prep - ANSWER C. Endotracheal intubation •Prior to positioning the patient undergoing a posterior lumbar laminectomy, endotracheal intubation is completed. Which of the following damages the mastoid air cells and ossicles of the ear? A.Ménière's disease B.Acoustic neuroma C.Cholesteatoma D.Otosclerosis - ANSWERC. Cholesteatoma •Cholesteatoma is a benign tumor that invades the mastoid cavity and destroys the mastoid air cells and can also damage the ossicles. When placing a swaged needle onto a needle holder, the needle should be clamped: A.One-third distance from swaged end of the needle B.One-fourth distance from the needle point 1 C.At the junction of suture and needle D.Half-way distance from the needle point - ANSWER A. One- third distance from swaged end of the needle •The needle holder is clamped approximately one-third of the distance from the swaged end of the needle. Which endoscope is used for the removal of foreign bodies from the airway of a pediatric patient? A.Flexible esophagoscope B.Flexible bronchoscope C.Rigid esophagoscope D.Rigid bronchoscope - ANSWER D. Rigid bronchoscope •Rigid bronchoscope is usually performed for the removal of foreign objects from the airway of children. Which of the following elements primarily make up the body's mass? A.Oxygen, carbon, magnesium, sodium B.Oxygen, potassium, hydrogen, sulfur C.Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen D.Oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, magnesium - ANSWER C. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen • 96% of the body's mass is made up of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Which instrument is used to contract the ribs for suturing purposes? A.Bailey B.Semb C.Matson 1 A.Cholecystitis B.Obstructed bowel C.Diverticulitis D.Strangulated hernia - ANSWER B. Obstructed bowel •The patient most likely is experiencing an obstructed bowel due to the formation of postoperative adhesions. Which organ shares the same blood supply with the pancreas and must be removed during a Whipple procedure? A.Kidney B.Duodenum C.Bladder D.Spleen - ANSWERB. Duodenum •The head of the pancreas shares the same arterial supple with the duodenum. Since the Whipple procedure is performed for cancer of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum must be removed. During a cleft palate procedure, which equipment should the surgical technologist be prepared to set up quickly? A.Drill B.Microscope C.Nerve stimulator D.Saw - ANSWER A. Drill •To facilitate placement of the sutures in the hard palate, the surgeon may use a drill with drill bit. The muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm and covers the anterior portion 1 of the upper arm is the: A.Flexor radialis B.Biceps branchii C.Brachioradialis D.Teres major - ANSWER B. Biceps branchii •The biceps branchii flexes and supinates the forearm and covers the anterior portion of the upper arm. A surgeon tells a patient she has terminal cancer but requires prophylactic surgery to prevent a bowel obstruction and the patient replies, "This can't be happening to me." Which stage of grief is the patient displaying? A.Denial B.Depression C.Bargaining D.Anger - ANSWER A. Denial •Denial is the first stage of the five stages of grief when the patient doesn't accept what is happening to him/her. What is the purpose of inserting a ureteral stent catheter? A.Monitor urine output B.Bypass calculi obstruction C.Excise calculi D.Prevent postoperative hemorrhage - ANSWER B. Bypass calculi obstruction •The urethral catheter stent is implanted to bypass partial or total obstructions of the ureter due to ureteral tumors, calculi or strictures. 1 Which of the following is used to create the trough on the anterior glenoid rim 1 A.Gastrectomy 1 B.Thoracotomy C.Embolectomy D.Craniotomy - ANSWER C. Embolectomy •The ballon-tipped fogarty catheter is inserted through an arteriotomy to facilitate removal of an embolus. Which of the following positioning devices is needed when placing the patient in the supine position? A.Kidney rest B.Elbow pads C.Mayfield headrest D.Beanbag - ANSWER B. Elbow pads •One of the pressure points of the supine position is the elbows; gel pads or foam should be used for protection. During a trabeculectomy, which two layers are incised at the beginning of the procedure? A.Cornea; iris B.Pupil; lens C.Conjunctiva; tenon's capsule D.Sclera; retina - ANSWER C. Conjunctiva; tenon's capsule •The layers initially incised during a trabeculectomy procedure are the conjunctiva and tenon's capsule. What instrument set should the surgical technologist have available in the OR when preparing for an inguinal herniorraphy? A.Rectal 1 B.Bowel C.Vascular D.Biliary - ANSWER B. Bowel •The surgical technologist should always anticipate strangulated or incarcerated bowel when preparing for an inguinal herniorraphy and have the bowel instruments in the room in case a bowel resection has ti be performed. Which of the following is used to obtain specimens during a bronchoscopy? A.Test tube B.Suction container C.Lukens tube D.4x4 raytec sponges - ANSWER C. Lukens tube •The lukens tube is connected to the suction system of the bronchoscope to collect the specimens. Which suture material would be used in the presence of infection? A.Polyglycolic acid B.Silk C.Chromic gut D.Steel - ANSWER D. Steel •Steel is the least inert material used as a suture material and is used in the presence of a wound infection. Which of the following hernias can result in necrosis of the viscera? A.Irreducible B.Strangulated 1 •A fracture table is used to position the patient in the supine position to reduce the fracture. What position allows optimal exposure of the retroperitoneal area of the flank? A.Prone B.Trendelenburg C.Supine D.Lateral - ANSWER D. Lateral •The lateral kidney position provides optimal exposure to the retroperitoneal area of the flank for a transverse incision. Which of the following is the correct sequence of instruments for placing a screw into bone? 1. Depth gauge 2. Drill 3. Screw driver 4.Tap A. 2, 1, 4, 3 B. 1, 2, 4, 3 C. 4, 1, 2, 3 D. 2, 4, 1, 3 - ANSWER A. 2, 1, 4, 3 •The correct sequence of instruments when a screw is placed in bone is drill, depth gauge, tap and screw driver; the same sequence is used for placement of all the screws. The removal of fibrous thickening of the visceral pleura is: A.Pericardiectomy 1 B.Poudrage C.Decortication D.Segmentectomy - ANSWER C. Decortication • When blood or pus from a chest injury is not properly drained from the pleural cavity, it coagulates and forms a fibrin layer over the pleura called empyema. Decortication is dissection of the fibrin. The only depolarizing muscle relaxant in clinical use is: A.Cisatracurium (nimbex) B.Vecuronium (norcuron) C.Rocuronium (zemuron) D.Succinylcholine (anectine) - ANSWER D. Succinylcholine (anectine) •Succinylcholine is the only depolarizing muscle relaxant in use; it acts rapidly but its effects must be allowed to wear off since there is no reversal agent currently available. What type of hernia involves a direct and indirect inguinal hernia? A.Reducible B.Umbilical C.Epigastric D.Pantaloon - ANSWER D. Pantaloon •A pantaloon hernia refers to the presence of a direct and indirect hernia. How are the legs of the patient positioned for lateral position? A.Lower leg straight; upper leg flexed B.Lower leg flexed; upper leg straight 1 C.Both legs straight D.Both legs flexed - ANSWER B. Lower leg flexed; upper leg straight •When placing a patient in the lateral position, the lower leg is flexed and the upper leg is straight with a pillow placed between the legs. The neuroglia of the nervous system: A.Produce CSF B.Support and bind C.Conduct impulses D.Initiate reflexes - ANSWER B. Support and bind •The neuroglia are specialized nerve cells that provide support and protection. The method of inhalation anesthesia that allows complete rebreathing of expired gases is: A.Mask inhalation B.Closed C.Semi-closed D.Open - ANSWER B. Closed •A closed system allows complete rebreathing of expired gases; exhaled carbon dioxide is absorbed by soda lime. Which member of the surgical team is responsible for protecting an unsplinted fracture during positioning? A.Circulator B.Surgical technologist preceptor C.Surgeon 1 •Placement of a small pad under the patients head in the supine position allows the strap muscles to relax and avoids neck strain. When a medication or local anesthetic is passed to the surgeon, the surgical technologist should: A.Show the surgeon the medicine bottle B.State how much medication the circulator dispensed C.Hand the syringe to the surgeon with the cap on the needle for safety. D.State the name and dosage of the medication - ANSWER D. State the name and dosage of the medication •Every time the surgical technologist passes a medication to the surgeon, he/she should verbally provide the name of the drug, strength, and the amount. A type of bone-holding forceps is: A.Dingman B.Langenbeck C.Smillie D.Slocum - ANSWER A. Dingman •There are several types of bone holding clamps that vary in size. One type is the dingman that has a single tooth on the end for grasping the bone. According to OSHA standards, protective eyewear of some form must be worn: A.Only for known HIV and HBV cases B.Only for cases when excessive bleeding is expected C.On orthopedic cases only 1 D.On all cases - ANSWER D. On all cases • An absolute requirement of standard precautions is the wearing of adequate 1 protective eyewear on all surgical procedures. Which pathological condition of the small intestine could be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis? A.Gastritis B.Carcinoma C.Crohn's disease D.Meckel's diverticulum - ANSWER D. Meckel's diverticulum •Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum that presents as a small bulge in the small intestine and can present signs and symptoms that are the same as acute appendicitis. Which piece of equipment is required for administration of a Bier block? A.Pulse oximeter B.Pain control anesthesia pump C.Double-cuffed tourniquet D.Electrosurgical unit - ANSWER C. Double-cuffed tourniquet •A double-cuffed tourniquet is used. One cuff is inflated, and if it becomes uncomfortable for the patient, the other cuff is inflated and the first is deflated. Which subcategory of drug preparation is a combination of two liquids that cannot mix? A.Solution B.Emulsion C.Suspension D.Semisolid - ANSWER B. Emulsion •A form of liquid medication is an emulsion; the medication is mixed 1 anatomical position in order to prevent herniation and maintain the blood supply. To prevent density, instrument sets should not exceed: A.15 pounds B.20 pounds C.25 pounds D.10 pounds - ANSWER C. 25 pounds •The association of the advancement of medical instrumentation recommends that instrument sets should not exceed 25 pounds. When surgically treating hydrocephalus, where is the shunt placed? A.Third ventricle B.Lateral ventricle C.Aqueduct of sylvius D.Foramen of monro - ANSWER B. Lateral ventricle • The multi-holed ventricular catheter is placed in the lateral ventricle of the brain. Which of the following is a type of uterine fibroid? A.Endometrium B.Cystocele C.Leiomyoma D.Rectocele - ANSWER C. Leiomyoma •Leiomyoma's are a type of uterine fibroid that can cause lower abdominal pain, pelvic congestion, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and increased fertility. A myomectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the fibroids. 1 The ureters enter the bladder medically: A.At the distal aspect B.At the superior aspect C.From the posterior aspect D.From the anterior aspect - ANSWER C. From the posterior aspect •The ureters enter the urinary bladder medially from the posterior aspect. The pathogen that most often causes postoperative surgical site infection is: A.Pseudomonas aeruginosa B.Escherichia coli C.Candida albicans D.Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWERD. Staphylococcus aureus •The pathogen that is most commonly associated with the cause of postoperative ssi's is staphylococcus aureus. Which organ is the most frequently injured during a motor vehicle accident? A.Spleen B.Liver C.Kidney D.Heart - ANSWER A. Spleen •The spleen is the number one organ injured during motor vehicle accidents. Where would the surgical technologist find pertinent information for "pulling" a case? 1 A.Laboratory reports