Memory, part 1 | PSYC - Psychology, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Memory, part 1 | PSYC - Psychology and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Cognition DEFINITION 1 Focuses on the brain as an INFORMATION PROCESSORStimulus ---> Brain ---> ResponsePlaces an emphasis on understanding how our neck top computers work TERM 2 The Mind as a Computer DEFINITION 2 Computer BrainInput: Hardware Input: SensesKeyboard Seeing, Hearing, TouchingProcessing: RAM Processing: MemoryCPU's Neural NetworksOutput: Hardware Output: BehaviorMonitor, Printer TERM 3 Memory DEFINITION 3 The process by which we encode and retrieve information TERM 4 3 Steps of Memory DEFINITION 4 1. EncodingEvents are translated into a neural code that can be interpreted by neural mechanisms2. StorageThe neural representation of an event is retained3. RetrievalThe event is retrieved from storage and used (either consciously or unconsciously) TERM 5 3 Component Model of Memory DEFINITION 5 Storage Storage StorageInput Encoding Encoding Sensory Working Long Term Memory Memory Memory Retrieval Storage takes place via 3 interactive memory systems TERM 6 Sensory Memory DEFINITION 6 Briefly stores sensory information for processingShort Term Storage(i.e. milliseconds to seconds)High CapacitySpecific to each sensei.e. ICONIC memory ECHOIC memory TERM 7 Working Memory DEFINITION 7 Stores memories in conscious registries for accessShort term (i.e. Seconds)Low Capacity (The Magical Number)Information can be maintained in working memory via rehearsal TERM 8 Chunking DEFINITION 8 Increasing the efficacy of short term memory by meaningful unitsI.e. Recall of Telephone numbers TERM 9 Working Memory DEFINITION 9 ExpertiseExpertise can facilitate the number of items that can be chunkedNon experts & Experts TERM 10 Long-Term Memory DEFINITION 10 The unlimited store of memories that we have acquired through experienceThere are many types of long term memory TERM 21 Schemas DEFINITION 21 An Organized pattern of thought of some aspect of the world TERM 22 Expert Schemas DEFINITION 22 Experts have more developed schemas than novices TERM 23 Storage DEFINITION 23 How information is STORED in long term memory banks (networks)Neural Networks:Semantic information is carried in the patter of activation TERM 24 PDP Networks DEFINITION 24 Memories are stored by reweighing connections between nodesCan be used to describe any learned behavior (e.g. Hand position) TERM 25 Nodes DEFINITION 25 In general, a node is a localised swelling or a point of intersection (a vertex). TERM 26 Types of Long Term Memory DEFINITION 26 Long Term MemoryDeclarative Memory Procedural MemoryGeneral Knowledge Motor/ Cognitive SkillsPersonal Knowledge Classical Conditioning TERM 27 Declarative Memory (Episodic Memory) DEFINITION 27 Memories that can be 'declared' to people1. Episodic MemoryMemory of personal events, or episodes, in our own personal historyEpisodic Memories are characterized by CONTEXT1. Temporal Information (date, time)2. Spatial Information (Where) TERM 28 Declarative Memory ( Semantic Memory) DEFINITION 28 Memory of general knowledge of the worlde.g. Halifax is the capital of Nova ScotiaSemantic memories do NOT have CONTEXTInstead, Semantic memories are composed of factual knowledge TERM 29 Procedural Memory (Procedural) DEFINITION 29 Memories of how to do something (i.e. Procedures)e.g. How to comb your hair How to ride a bicycle How to solve a jigsaw puzzleAlthough you may recall (declare) the steps to each procedure, you cannot recall the procedure itself TERM 30 Procedural Memory (Conditioning) DEFINITION 30 Memories of a conditioned behavioure.g. Conditioned fears/phobias Polite MannersMany trained behaviors are also procedural memories TERM 31 Retrieval DEFINITION 31 Retrieving information from long term memoryRetrieval Cue:Some cue (internal or external) that triggers elements associated with the cue TERM 32 Tip-Of-The-Tongue-Phenomenon DEFINITION 32 When you can remember various facets related to a word, but not the word itself TERM 33 Millers Magic Number DEFINITION 33 7 plus or minus 2 TERM 34 Flashbulb Memories DEFINITION 34 Memories of emotional public eventsFlashbulb memories are often characterized by strong contextual cues, but are they accurate? TERM 35 Encoding Specifically DEFINITION 35 Memories are retrieved better when the conditions present during encoding are present during retreving.Context Dependent MemoryorState Dependent Memory