Metropolitan America: Urban Transition, Recovery, Crisis, and High-Tech Development, Quizzes of Geography

Download Metropolitan America: Urban Transition, Recovery, Crisis, and High-Tech Development and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 3 epochs of urban transition of metropolitan America DEFINITION 1 1945-1972: postwar economic recovery & growth 1972-1983: phase of economic crisis and reorganization Since 1983: high-tech economic development and new communication technologies TERM 2 1945-1972: Post War Recovery DEFINITION 2 Special Decentralization of jobs and population within the entire urban system- away from the core (North/East) to the periphery (Sunbelt)-regional decentralization Metropolitan Consolidation: control centers: cities with high proportion of corporate headquarters innovation centers: education and research TERM 3 1972-1983: Economic Crisis & Reorganization DEFINITION 3 Urban Disease: economic crisis that forced corporate america to develop within new urban system Political Repercussion: shifty from macroeconomic management towards regional management Stagnation towards Cities: started in 1973 and lasted until 1982. TERM 4 Characteristics of 1972- 1983 DEFINITION 4 city administration were not able to control expenses and find revenues to meet city demands the lack of clear and consistent federal policy toward cities left cities left cities on their own to fight with problems that were basically national. slow down of national economy, dismantling of new deal social programs and increasing isolation of inner-city neighborhoods left cities with increasing problems in crime, drug use, violence and homelessness. TERM 5 Since 1983: High Tech Economic development & Communication Technologies DEFINITION 5 Functional reorganization of the hierarchy of cities in the U.S.Urban hierarchy can be viewed as four-tiered structure highly differentiated in terms of economic functions. World Cities Regional Command/Control Centers Specialized Producer-Service Centers Dependent Centers TERM 6 Demographic and Social Change in Postwar U.S. DEFINITION 6 Baby Boomers started to move out of the urban areas-into the Sunbelt Elderly make up more than 12% of population (2000) and growing New Immigrants Due to new immigration laws 43% are from Latin America and migration to South and West cities not manufacturing cities in North East. TERM 7 SPRAWL DEFINITION 7 Dispersed development outside of compact urban and village centers along highways and in rural countryside Fun Fact: Term coined in 1937 by Earle Draper TERM 8 Roots of Sprawl DEFINITION 8 Zoning Policies Housing Policies Highways Policies Regional Planning Housing Insurance Competition for Tax Revenue Lifestyle Choices Levittowns TERM 9 Zoning Policies DEFINITION 9 The principle too for implementing local planning policies, has ironically often been a key contributor to the typical sprawl-oriented pattern of development. TERM 10 Regional Planning DEFINITION 10 Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land- use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town. for much of the century, many regional plans focused more on promoting, rather than controlling metropolitan expansion