Genetics Terminology: An Essential Guide for Understanding Genetic Concepts, Quizzes of Kinesiology

Download Genetics Terminology: An Essential Guide for Understanding Genetic Concepts and more Quizzes Kinesiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 genetics DEFINITION 1 study of inheritance and inheritable traits as expressed in an organisms genetic material TERM 2 genome DEFINITION 2 the entire genetic complement of an organism- includes its genes and nucleotide sequences TERM 3 heredity DEFINITION 3 the transmission of genetic material to its progeny TERM 4 chromosome DEFINITION 4 typically a circular or linear threadlike molecule of DNA TERM 5 binary fission DEFINITION 5 the chromosome replicates itself and each daughter cell receives one of the chromosomes TERM 6 chromosomes DEFINITION 6 contain information that is essential for the continuous survival of the organism TERM 7 plasmids DEFINITION 7 contain information that is helpful but the organism could survive with out TERM 8 haploid DEFINITION 8 single chromosome copy TERM 9 diploid DEFINITION 9 two chromosome copies TERM 10 gene DEFINITION 10 basic unit of heredity TERM 21 transcription DEFINITION 21 information in DNA is copied as RNA TERM 22 translation DEFINITION 22 polypeptides synthesized from RNA TERM 23 replication DEFINITION 23 DNA makes new DNA TERM 24 semiconservative replication DEFINITION 24 each daughter strand gets one parental strand TERM 25 replicon DEFINITION 25 portion of the genome containing origin of replication TERM 26 replication forks DEFINITION 26 place where DNA double helix is unwound and an individual strands replicated TERM 27 helicases DEFINITION 27 unwind DNA double helix TERM 28 topoisomerases DEFINITION 28 keep DNA from getting tangled TERM 29 leading strand DEFINITION 29 5 to 3 direction with continuous replication of new DNA TERM 30 lagging strand DEFINITION 30 3 to 5 direction with discontinuous replication TERM 31 ozaki fragments DEFINITION 31 short fragments formed by polymerases in discontinuous replication TERM 32 DNA ligase DEFINITION 32 joins ozaki fragments together TERM 33 mutations DEFINITION 33 permanent alterations in DNA TERM 34 spontaneous mutations DEFINITION 34 occur in the absence of any agent known to cause changes in DNA TERM 35 nucleotide analogs DEFINITION 35 disrupt DNA and RNA replication TERM 46 virulence plasmids DEFINITION 46 carry instructions for structures, enzymes, or toxins that enable a bacterium to become pathogenic TERM 47 configuration DEFINITION 47 two chains of nucleotides coiled about each other as a result of hydrogen bonding to form a double helix TERM 48 transcription DEFINITION 48 the first step in protein synthesis TERM 49 translation DEFINITION 49 where are codons recognized TERM 50 AUG DEFINITION 50 signifies the start of protein synthesis TERM 51 P-site DEFINITION 51 first binding site on the ribosome during protein synthesis TERM 52 A-site DEFINITION 52 second binding site on the ribosome during protein synthesis TERM 53 hortizontal gene transfer DEFINITION 53 a process in which many prokaryotes acquire genes from other microbes of the same generation TERM 54 vertical gene transfer DEFINITION 54 the passing of genes to the next generation