Microbiology Exam on Viruses and Bacteriophages, Exams of Nursing

Download Microbiology Exam on Viruses and Bacteriophages and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1/18 Correct! Fals e Tru e True or False. Although viruses may contain their genome within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a cell), it is considered neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic. 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 1 M6: Module 6 Exam Essential Microbiology with Lab 2023/2024 Due No due date Points 100 Questions 30 Time Limit 60 Minutes Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 39 minutes 100 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 100 out of 100 Submitted Apr 28 at 9:02pm This attempt took 39 minutes. 2/18 Describe the two basic components of a virus. Your Answer: Two basic components of a virus are; 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 2 False 5/18 Question 7 5 / 5 pts Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a description of each step. Uncoating: Release: Replicatio n: Attachme nt: Entry: New infection: Your Answer: Attachment --> Entry --> Uncoating --> Replication --> Release --> New Infection Attachment; the viral receptors attaches to te host protein on the cell surface Entry; the virus fuses with the membrane of the host cells and enters the cell Uncoating; The viral capsid disassembles Replication; the viral genome is the blue print that replicates itself Release; New viral particles are produced and then released New Infection; the released new viral particles that exists the cell go ahead and infect new cells 3- Uncoating: the viral capsid disassembles 5-Release: New virus particles are produced and leave the cell 4-Replication: the viral genome is the ‘blueprint’ to make copies of itself Attachment: viral receptors bind to host proteins on the surface of the cell Entry: the virus fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell 6-New infection: newly produced viruses that left the host cell now go on to infect new cells. 1. Bacteriophage 2. 20 Your Answer: Bacteriophage; 20 A virus that infects bacteria is called a [answer1] and contains a [answer2] -sided polygon capsid. 3 / 3 ptsQuestion 8 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 9 6/18 True or False. Structurally, bacteriophages are distinct from viruses that infect plant or animal cells. Correct! True True. Bacteriophages are structurally distinct from viruses that infect plant and animals cells. False 7/18 Describe the main differences between lytic and temperate phages. Your Answer: Lytic bacteriophage are inside the host bacteria and they keep replicating in the host until it ruptures and dies, on the other hand, the Temperate phages exist in the host bacteria but the do not replicate and they do not kill their host cells 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 11 10/1 Lytic bacteriophages replicate within the host bacteria until it ruptures, whereas temporate (or lysogenic) phages primarily exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill the host cell. Lytic phages replicate all viral proteins needed for the assembly of new virus particles whereas lysogenic phage genomes are integrated into the host genome but production of viral proteins is suppressed. 11/1 Based on the following image, would you expect the viral titer to be high or low? Why? Your Answer: Low. Viral titer is the quantitative amount of virus present in a culture or media. This sample shows cloudiness which indicates that there is a lot of 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 12 12/1 Which of the following diseases does a linear, single-stranded RNA virus cause? Measles Mumps Rubella B and C Correct! All of the above Measles, mumps and rubella are all linear, single-stranded RNA viruses. Mumps. A patient infected with mumps (aka epidemic paratitis) has primary swelling in the paratoid (salivary glands) located in the neck but also may have secondary swelling in the testes/ovaries and pancreas. Your Answer: Mumps What disease displays as a secondary characteristic swelling of the testes/ovaries and pancreas? 3 / 3 ptsQuestion 17 15/1 Chickenpox is highly contagious and can be transmitted (1) through both air-borne droplets (sneezing/coughs) or via (2) direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual. Your Answer: Chickenpox can be spread through airborne droplets like coughing and sneezing Coming in direct contact with blisters of the infected person Describe two ways chickenpox can be spread. 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 18 Correct! False True. The most common age for VZV reactivation and shingle diagnosis tends to occur in people around 60 years of age. True True or False. The development of shingles is most often seen in an older adult population (> 60 years old). 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 19 True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body. 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 20 16/1 True Correct! False False. Unlike chickenpox blisters, which can form anywhere, the blisters associated with shingles are localized and limited to small areas. 17/1 Question 21 5 / 5 pts A person who has neither previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZV vaccine is exposed to someone with an active VZV (shingles) outbreak and becomes infected. Explain why (or why not) the person will only develop shingles. Your Answer: The person who has niether previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZU vaccine will first be infected with chickenpox and not shingles because shingles is the reactivation of dormant VZU form chickenpox infection. Hence someone who has never had chickenpox or been given the VZU vaccine will not have the dormant VZU from the chickenpox infection that they have never had or been vaccinated with in the first place. The infected individual will not develop shingles, but will develop chickenpox. Unvaccinated and unexposed individuals must first develop chickenpox, as shingles is the reactivation of the dormant VZV virus from the chickenpox infection. By Jonas Salk; In 1955 at the university of Pittsburgh Jonas Salk and his research team developed the polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh in 1955. Influenza A Your Answer: Influenza A Which subtype of Influenza is the most virulent? 3 / 3 ptsQuestion 25 A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit the release of newly produced viral particles. Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins? Why? Your Answer: Neuraminidase proteins should be targeted. This is because the Neuraminidase protein is responsible for the budding and release of the newly produced viral particles. unlike Hemagglutinin which is responsible for the attachment and entry of the virus. Its best adviced to target Neuraminidase which inhibits the release of newly produced viral particles 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 26 20/1 Neuraminidase (N) proteins are directly involved in the budding and release of new viral particles and would thus be the correct target. Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins would not be advisable targets as they are directly involved in viral attachment and entry into the host cell. 21/1 Question 27 5 / 5 pts Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? Your Answer: Flu shot given each year maynot be 100% effective at preventing flue because there are different variants of flu. It is possible to still get a flu even after being vaccinated because the subtypes of the flu are many and its possible that while you were given the vaccine the particular variant you were exposed to was not given in the vaccine. Most times, medical researchers just predict and then roll out vaccines that should be given based on the data of the varient that is mostly in circulation at that time. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% perfect or reliable. Hence, you could have been given a flu shot and then be infected by a variant that wasn't administered with the vaccine that you got. It is possible to receive a flu vaccine and yet (unfortunately) still get the flu in the same season if you are exposed to a viral strain that was not included in the vaccine. There are a large number of variants and the flu vaccine is unable to vaccinate against all subtypes. Medical researchers predict and then distribute flu vaccines based current trends and the 22/1 available data relative to the most common circulating strains. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% accurate.