Microbiology Lecture Notes: Laboratory Materials, Equipments and its Functions, Lecture notes of Microbiology

Download Microbiology Lecture Notes: Laboratory Materials, Equipments and its Functions and more Lecture notes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity! 1. Glassware and Instrument DESCRIPTION FUNCTION 1. Test tube Test tube is also known as culture tube or sample tube. This laboratory apparatus is a hollow cylinder tube of thin glass, with an open top and rounded U-shaped bottom. Test tubes are widely used by chemists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals. Their round bottom and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring, make them easier to clean, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. 2. Screw capped tube Screw capped tubes are designed to be leak-tight, with it having screwed cap that securely seals its content/s inside. The screw caps tubes are used for storage or transport, and for growing of cultures. 3. Durham fermentation tube Durham Tubes are test tubes made from neutral glass that are very small in size. The Durham Tube is placed upside-down into a larger test tube that contains a fluid and a specific microorganism. It helps to detect/capture the gas produced by microorganisms and to identify the production of gas, such as in a fermentation reaction. 4. Smith fermentation tube These fermentation tubes are made with borosilicate glass either in graduated or ungraduated formats, and with or without foot. It has a closed vertical arm which extends into a bulbous portion with tapered opening. It is helpful for verification and measurement of gas production in fermentation experiments (with gas produced by yeast or other organisms rising into the evolution tube). It is also used in comparative studies with different microorganisms, and with those that undergoes anaerobic fermentation. 5. Petridish A petri dish is a round (or square-shaped), flat, shallow dish made of glass or plastic with a suitable lid. A petri dish is used to culture different types of cells, including bacteria and molds. It often contains a nutritional medium on which the cells can grow. 6. Petridish with divisions The petri dish was made for separation. It was developed for culturing microorganisms while separating them from airborne contaminates. A petri dish with divisions is used to keep several microorganisms selectively (or separately) and simultaneously. 7. Glass slides It is a long thin piece of glass that specimens are placed on for study under a microscope. Microscope slides are used to mount, or place specimens in a way that is easier to handle and that protects them from cross- contamination. 8. Beaker A beaker is cylindrical in shape and has a flat bottom. Although beakers can be made from various metals or plastics, most are forged from borosilicate glass. The glass is made from a combination of silica and boron trioxide, which gives it a high resistance to thermal shock and It is used for heating, containing, and measuring liquid and for preparing reagent solution. chemical penetration. 9. Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer which is also known as a conical flask consisting of a wide base with a flat bottom and an inverted cylindrical neck. Erlenmeyer flasks are used to contain liquids and for mixing, heating, cooling, incubation, filtration, storage, and other liquid handling processes. It can also be used for: - measuring the dose of chemical analysis of substances or can also be used to mix a substance with other substances. - Used for containers so that they can hold solutions or liquids. - Serves as a place of cultivation in microbes with liquid cultures. - To mix and homogenize the solution material against other materials. - To titrate a chemical compound so that a strong match can be made. To titrate a chemical compound so that a strong match can be made. 10.Volumetric pippette A pipette is nothing more than a transparent borosilicate glass cylinder, which is an element that is easy to clean, chemically an inert material and undergoes little deformation. Volumetric pipets have narrow tips and a bulb-like expansion in the middle. It is a specific type of pipette used for most accurate and precise measurement of liquids in a laboratory. The volumetric pipette is used primarily to transfer liquids from one container to another in precise and precise quantities, but only allows the transfer of small amounts of liquid; they are usually used for volumes between 1 and 100 milliliters. It is also used in measuring accurate volume of a liquid. 11.Serological pippette The serological pipette is a laboratory instrument that transfers liquids measured in volume by ml. Most have graduations on the side for measuring the liquid being dispensed or aspirated. An important step when culturing or plating cells is the even distribution throughout a solution. The use of serological pipettes is an efficient and gentle means of mixing cell suspensions. They can also be used for mixing reagents and chemical solutions. After treatment or isolation of experimental cell cultures, serological pipettes are useful in transferring colonies of cells for further empirical analysis or expansion. They are also used for carefully layering reagents for creating density gradients such as a