Middle and High School Course of Study Guide, Exams of Visual Arts

Download Middle and High School Course of Study Guide and more Exams Visual Arts in PDF only on Docsity! NZ SSS ee PORTSMOUTH PUBLIC SCHOOLS Middle and High School Course of Study Guide  2 Released December 2020 5 Advanced Diploma Requirements for Students Entering the 9th Grade in 2018-2019 and Beyond Subject Area Units of Credit Verified Credit Specifications English 4 2 N/A Mathematics 4 1 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include at least three different course selections from among: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, or other mathematics courses above the level of Algebra II. The board shall approve courses to satisfy this requirement. Laboratory Science 4 1 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include course selections from at least three different science disciplines from among: Earth Science, Biology, Chemistry, or Physics. History and Social Sciences 4 1 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include Virginia and U.S. History, Virginia and U.S. Government, and two courses in either World History or Geography or both. World Language 3 0 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include three years of one language or two years of two languages. Health and Physical Education 2 0 N/A Fine Arts or Career and Technical Education 1 0 Per the Standards of Quality, a computer science course credit earned by students may be considered a career and technical credit. Economics and Personal Finance 1 0 Electives 3 Courses to satisfy this requirement shall include at least two sequential electives as required by the Standards of Quality. Total 26 5 Additional Requirements for Graduation:  Advanced Placement, Honors, or International Baccalaureate Course or Career and Technical Education Credential  Virtual Learning - Students shall successfully complete one virtual course, which may be a noncredit-bearing course, or may be a course required to earn this diploma that is offered online.  Training in emergency first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the use of automated external defibrillators (AED)  Demonstration of the five Cs - critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, communication, and citizenship 6 Standard Diploma Requirements for Students Entering the 9th Grade in 2011-2012 to 2017-2018 Subject Area Units of Credit Verified Credit Specifications English 4 2 N/A Mathematics 3 1 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include at least two different course selections from among: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra Functions and Data Analysis, Algebra II, or other mathematics courses above the level of Algebra II. Laboratory Science 3 1 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include course selections from at least two different science disciplines: Earth Science, Biology, Chemistry, or Physics. History and Social Sciences 3 1 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include U.S. and Virginia History, U.S. and Virginia Government, and one course in either World History or Geography or both. Health and Physical Education 2 0 N/A World Language, Fine Arts, or Career and Technical Education 2 0 Credits earned for this requirement shall include one credit in fine or performing arts or career and technical education. World Language may not be used for both credits. Economics and Personal Finance 1 0 N/A Electives 4 0 Courses to satisfy this requirement shall include at least two sequential electives as required by the Standards of Quality. Student Selected Test 0 1 A student may utilize additional tests for earning verified credit in computer science, technology, career and technical education, economics or other areas as prescribed by the board in 8VAC20-131-110. Total 22 6 Additional Requirements for Graduation:  Students shall earn a career and technical education credential  Virtual Learning - Students shall successfully complete one virtual course, which may be a noncredit-bearing course, or may be a course required to earn this diploma that is offered online.  For students entering the ninth-grade class for the first time in 2016-2017 and beyond: Students shall be trained in emergency first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the use of automated external defibrillators, including hands-on practice of the skills necessary to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 7 Advanced Diploma Requirements for Students Entering the 9th Grade in 2011-2012 to 2017-2018 Subject Area Units of Credit Verified Credit Specifications English 4 2 N/A Mathematics 4 2 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include at least three different course selections from among: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, or other mathematics courses above the level of Algebra II. The board shall approve courses to satisfy this requirement. Laboratory Science 4 2 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include course selections from at least three different science disciplines from among: Earth Science, Biology, Chemistry, or Physics. History and Social Sciences 4 2 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include U.S. and Virginia History, U.S. and Virginia Government, and two courses in either World History or Geography or both. World Language 3 0 Courses completed to satisfy this requirement shall include three years of one language or two years of two languages. Health and Physical Education 2 0 N/A Fine Arts or Career and Technical Education 1 0 Per the Standards of Quality, a computer science course credit earned by students may be considered a career and technical education course credit. Economics and Personal Finance 1 0 N/A Electives 3 0 N/A Student Selected Test 0 1 A student may utilize additional tests for earning verified credit in computer science, technology, career or technical education, economics or other areas as prescribed by the board in 8VAC20- 131-110. Total 26 9 N/A Additional Requirements for Graduation:  Virtual Learning - Students shall successfully complete one virtual course, which may be a noncredit-bearing course, or may be a course required to earn this diploma that is offered online.  For students entering the ninth-grade class for the first time in 2016-2017 and beyond: Students shall be trained in emergency first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the use of automated external defibrillators, including hands-on practice of the skills necessary to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 10 ARTICULATION Program for Articulated Credit and Transfer refers to a special articulation agreement between Tidewater Community College and the Portsmouth Public Schools that help students make a smooth transition from high school to college. Students receive college credit for certain career and technical education courses successfully completed in high school. How can students participate? Participation begins when students enroll in a high school career and technical education course that has been coordinated with a program at Tidewater Community College. Since some of these courses may be taken in the sophomore year in high school or require a large block of time in the junior or senior years, planning a high school schedule early is very important. What are the advantages of pursuing the Program for Articulated Credit and Transfer? Students pursuing the Program for Articulated Credit and Transfer will:  have the opportunity to begin fulfilling college-level educational requirements in high school;  be better prepared to enter college with career goals in mind;  save time in preparing for a career because they are not required to duplicate instruction received in high school; and  have the opportunity to enrich their college program with additional advanced courses related to career or personal development. Who is eligible? Any student is eligible who has completed all of the following requirements:  completion of a high school career and technical-education course that is part of the articulation agreement;  achievement of a grade of “B” or better in the high school career and technical-education course(s); and  enrollment in Tidewater Community College within three years after graduation. How and when is college credit awarded? Students who are eligible for college credit through this agreement must, after high school graduation, (1) have a transcript sent to the Admissions and Records Office at Tidewater Community College, and (2) complete a “Request of Evaluation of Previous Educational Experience” form, which is available through the Enrollment Services Office at TCC. Students receive college credit for designated high school career and technical-education courses after successfully completing the equivalent of twelve semester hours of study in the articulated program area at Tidewater Community College. Student transcripts will list the courses and credit hours of the college courses that are a part of the agreement. This means students have fewer courses to take to complete a college program and more time to take additional courses for advanced skills. What is the cost? No tuition fee will be charged for the articulated courses for which credit is awarded by the college. This means that students enrolling at Tidewater Community College will save money by taking and successfully completing certain high school career and technical-education courses. TECHNICAL DUAL ENROLLMENT Students are provided the opportunity to take selected college level technical classes in Portsmouth Public Schools and on the campus of Tidewater Community College. The students must satisfy the admission requirements of TCC. Students who successfully complete the courses receive both college credit and weighted high school credits. 11 Graduation (Diploma) Seals of Achievement Governor's Seal The Governor's Seal is awarded to students who complete the requirements for an Advanced Studies Diploma with an average grade of "B" or better, and successfully complete college-level coursework that will earn the student at least nine transferable college credits in Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB), Cambridge, or dual enrollment courses. Board of Education Seal The Board of Education Seal is awarded to students who complete the requirements for a Standard Diploma or Advanced Studies Diploma with an average grade of "A" beginning with the ninth-grade class of 2006-2007 and beyond. Board of Education's Career & Technical Education Seal The Board of Education's Career & Technical Education Seal is awarded to students who:  earn a Standard or Advanced Studies Diploma and complete a prescribed sequence of courses in a career and technical education concentration or specialization that they choose and maintain a "B" or better average in those courses  OR pass an examination or an occupational competency assessment in a career and technical education concentration or specialization that confers certification or occupational competency credential from a recognized industry, trade or professional association  OR acquire a professional license in that career and technical education field from the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Board of Education shall approve all professional licenses and examinations used to satisfy these requirements. See The Path to Industry Certification for the current approved licenses and examinations. Board of Education’s Diploma Seal for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) The Board of Education’s STEM Seal shall be awarded to students who earn either a Standard Diploma or an Advanced Studies Diploma and satisfy all Math and Science requirements for the Advanced Studies diploma with a “B” average or better in all course work, and  successfully complete a 50 hour or more work-based learning opportunity in a STEM area, and  satisfy all requirements for a Career and Technical Education concentration. A concentration is a coherent sequence of two or more state-approved courses as identified in the course listing within the CTE Administrative Planning Guide, and  pass one of the following:  a Board of Education CTE STEM-H credential examination, or  an examination approved by the Board that confers a college-level credit in a STEM field. Board of Education's Advanced Mathematics & Technology Seal (available for students entering high school prior to 2018-2019) The Board of Education's Advanced Mathematics & Technology Seal is awarded to students who earn either a Standard or Advanced Studies Diploma and satisfy all of the mathematics requirements for the Advanced Studies Diploma (four units of credit including Algebra II; two verified units of credit) with a "B" average or better; and either  pass an examination in a career and technical education field that confers certification from a recognized industry, or trade or professional association  OR acquire a professional license in a career and technical education field from the Commonwealth of Virginia  OR pass an examination approved by the board that confers college-level credit in a technology or computer science area. The Board of Education shall approve all professional licenses and examinations used to satisfy these requirements. See The Path to Industry Certification for the current approved licenses and examinations. 12 Board of Education's Excellence in Civics Education Seal The Board of Education's Excellence in Civics Education Seal is awarded to students who meet each of the following four criteria:  Satisfy the requirement to earn a Modified Standard Diploma, a Standard Diploma or an Advanced Studies Diploma  Complete Virginia & United States History and Virginia & United States Government courses with a grade of "B" or higher  Complete 50 hours of voluntary participation in community service or extracurricular activities, such as volunteering for a charitable or religious organization that provides services to the poor, sick or less fortunate; participating in Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts or similar youth organizations; participating in Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC); participating in political campaigns, government internships, Boys State, Girls State or Model General Assembly; and participating in school-sponsored extracurricular activities that have a civics focus. Any student who enlists in the United States military prior to graduation will be deemed to have met this community service requirement.  Have good attendance and no disciplinary infractions as determined by local school board policies. Board of Education’s Seal of Biliteracy The Board of Education’s Seal of Biliteracy is awarded to students who earn a Board of Education-approved diploma and:  Pass all required End-of-Course Assessments in English reading and writing at the proficient or higher level  Demonstrate proficiency at the intermediate-mid level or higher in one or more languages other than English as demonstrated through an assessment from a list approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. American Sign Language qualifies as a language other than English. Board of Education’s Seal for Excellence in Science and the Environment The Board of Education’s Seal for Excellence in Science and the Environment is awarded to students who enter the ninth grade for the first time in the 2018-2019 year and thereafter, and meet each of the following criteria:  Earn either a Standard or Advanced Studies Diploma  Complete at least three different first-level board-approved laboratory science courses and at least one rigorous advanced-level or postsecondary-level laboratory science course, each with a grade of “B” or higher  Complete laboratory or field-science research and present that research in a formal, juried setting  Complete at least 50 hours of voluntary participation in community service or extracurricular activities that involve the application of science such as environmental monitoring, protection, management, or restoration. 15 After the distribution of the 18-week report cards, the guidance staff of each school shall notify each student and each coach and/or sponsor of a student’s potential eligibility or ineligibility status for the next semester. An incomplete grade for a semester shall be made up within five (5) school days of the date of the distribution of report cards. In unusual circumstances, the period may be extended by the principal. If otherwise eligible, a student may participate in extracurricular activities during the period that an “incomplete” is in effect. In determining eligibility, any final grade earned in summer school shall be treated as a grade for the precious semester. The provisions of this policy shall NOT apply to special education students and to other students whose eligibility must be determined in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. A transfer student who enrolls during the first nine weeks of the semester shall be exempt from the requirements of this policy for the remainder of the semester, provided that he/she would have been eligible to participate in extracurricular activities in the division which he/she transferred. A student who transfers after the first nine weeks of the semester shall be exempt from the requirements of this policy that semester and the next succeeding grading period, provided that the student would have been eligible in the division from which he/she transferred. Enforcement of this policy shall be the responsibility of the Citywide Athletic Director, the Chief of Schools, building principals, activities directors, coaches, and sponsors. MIDDLE SCHOOL ELIGIBILITY RULES 1. Be a bona fide full time student in good standing. 2. May not have reached the age of 15 on or before August 1 of the school year you intend to participate. 3. Satisfactorily completed the Portsmouth Middle School League Athletic Participation/Parental Consent/Physician’s form at least once each year. Separate physician’s exam is required each school year; May 1st of the current year through June 30th of the succeeding year. 4. May NOT participate during the days assigned to In-School Suspension. 5. May NOT participate for the remainder of the nine week season if the student received two (2) In-School Suspension assignments or one (1) Out-of School Suspensions within that season or length of time determined by the principal or designee. 6. May participate in each activity only once as a seventh grader and once as an eighth grader or a total of two (2) years. 7. An eighth grader may participate on a junior varsity team at the high school they are zoned for if the seasons do not cross over. 8. A student must attend four (4) complete classes on a school day in order to participate in extracurricular activities that school day. (Exceptions: funerals, fieldtrips, doctor appointments, all of which must be approved by the principal). 9. These rules apply to ALL transfer students. ELIGIBILITY VIOLATIONS 1. The principal of each member school is obligated to report any violation of League rules to the League. 2. If a student or his/her parent or guardian gives false information, written or verbal, that affects his/her eligibility upon entering and/or during his/her years of eligibility, the student shall become ineligible at any PMSL school for a period of one year from the date the information is certified as being false. 3. For participation of an ineligible student(s) in any PMSL contest(s): the contest will be forfeited in which the ineligible student(s) participated, and disqualification of ineligible student(s) until such time as he/she or they become eligible under League rules. (Participation is defined as playing in a game or match.) 4. It is the responsibility of the principal of the school with the ineligible student to report the situation to the League and all schools involved. 16 Sports offered by Season Varsity Sports Fall Winter Spring Cheering (Coed) Basketball (Boys and Girls) Baseball Cross Country (Boys and Girls) Cheering (Coed) Soccer (Boys and Girls) Field Hockey Competition Cheering (Coed) Softball Football Debate (Coed) Tennis (Boys and Girls) Golf (Coed) Forensics (Coed) Outdoor Track (Boys and Girls) Marching Band (Coed) Indoor Track (Boys and Girls) E Sports (Coed) Volleyball (Boys and Girls) One Act Play (Coed) Scholastic Bowl (Coed) Swimming (Boys and Girls) Wrestling (Coed) Junior Varsity Sports Fall Winter Spring Cheering (Coed) Basketball (Boys and Girls) Baseball Field Hockey Cheering (Coed) Soccer (Boys and Girls) Football Softball Volleyball (Girls) Middle School Sports Fall Winter Spring Cheering (Coed) Basketball (Boys and Girls) Soccer (Boys and Girls) Football Cheering (Coed) Softball Volleyball (Boys and Girls) Scholastic Bowl (Coed) Track (Boys and Girls) Wrestling (Coed) 17 POTENTIAL COURSE PROGRESSIONS 20 Option 7 GRADE LEVEL COURSE PROGRESSION MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR NEXT COURSE PLACEMENT End of Year Grade SOL Score 7 Algebra 1 A-B 450 or greater 8 Geometry A-B 450 or greater 9 Algebra II A-B 400 10 Trigonometry or Probability and Statistics ----- ----- 11 Math Analysis ----- ----- 12 AP Calculus ----- ----- Option 8 GRADE LEVEL COURSE PROGRESSION MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR NEXT COURSE PLACEMENT End of Year Grade SOL Score 7 Algebra 1 A-B 400-450 8 Geometry A-B 400-450 9 Algebra II ----- ----- 10 Trigonometry (Semester 1) Math Analysis (Semester 2) ----- ----- 11 AP Calculus or AP Statistics Virtual Virginia ----- ----- 12 First College ----- ----- Option 9 GRADE LEVEL COURSE PROGRESSION MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR NEXT COURSE PLACEMENT End of Year Grade SOL Score 7 Algebra 1 A-B 450 or greater 8 Geometry A-B 450 or greater 9 Algebra II (Semester 1) Trigonometry (Semester 2) ----- ----- 10 Discrete Math ----- ----- 11 Math Analysis ----- ----- 12 AP Calculus or AP Statistics Virtual Virginia ----- ----- 21 Option 10 GRADE LEVEL COURSE PROGRESSION MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR NEXT COURSE PLACEMENT End of Year Grade SOL Score 7 Algebra 1 C-D ----- 8 Geometry C-D ----- 9 AFDA Note: AFDA is not a prerequisite for Algebra II ----- ----- 10 Algebra II ----- ----- 11 Trigonometry or Probability and Statistics ----- ----- 12 Teacher Recommendation ----- ----- 22 25 ART III (ADVANCED INTERMEDIATE ART) – 1 UNIT (9140) Prerequisite: Art Foundations II – Fine Arts Art III offers students an opportunity to select media for concentrated study. Work will indicate a growing understanding of the elements and principles. Students are required to maintain and update their portfolios and to participate in hanging shows of student work with appropriate documentation. Independent research serves to support their area of concentration and foster a broader knowledge of art history. Each student participates in peer critiques and maintains a sketchbook as a personal resource for their independent study as they develop a personal aesthetic. ART IV (ADVANCED ART) – 1 UNIT (9145) Prerequisite: Art III – Fine Arts Art IV is an advanced course designed to provide an opportunity for independent study. Work will demonstrate a high level of craftsmanship, knowledge of art history, and aesthetic judgment. The focus is on building a portfolio that is designed for job and college applications. Students will each hang a one-person show, participate in peer critiques and maintain a sketchbook. ANIMATION - 1 UNIT (05177) Pre-requisite: Art II – Fine Arts Animation is designed as a survey of the multiple layers involved in animation techniques and media. Students will become familiar with the history of animation and produce work that explores the evolution of the animation processes beginning with hand-drawn animation and concluding with contemporary digital computer designed animations. Students will maintain a sketchbook and an animation process book for references as they move through the animation process of creating brief stories, developing an original character, creating sets, and generating appropriate sound effects. CERAMICS I/ 3D DESIGN – 1 UNIT (9175) Prerequisite: Art Foundations I (Art Foundation II, strongly recommended) This course places emphasis on the elements and principles of design as they relate to 3D construction in various media. Students will explore historical and cultural references and become familiar with materials, tools, and equipment that are process specific. Sketchbooks serve as a repository of ideas and illustrate the student’s creative processes as the work evolves. A significant portion of instruction focuses on the use of clay in hand building and wheel throwing techniques to solve a range of three-dimensional problems. Originality and craftsmanship are stressed in exploration and problem-solving. CERAMICS II / 3D DESIGN – 1 UNIT (9176) Prerequisite: Ceramics I The skills and processes learned in the first level are the foundations of this course. Independent research involving traditional and contemporary 3D materials and processes will inform the student’s decisions relative to individual design problems developed jointly by the student and the teacher. Sketchbooks serve as a repository of ideas and illustrate the student’s creative processes as the work evolves. Originality and craftsmanship are stressed in the exploration of personal themes in the execution of 3D artwork. GRAPHICS DESIGN– I UNIT (9153) Prerequisite: Art Foundations II – Fine Art This course addresses the fundamentals of design involving text and imagery to convey an idea. The students will work with the technology currently used in the advertising industry such as Photoshop and Dreamweaver. Students will produce the components of a corporate brand identity that includes a logo, a letterhead, and a business card. Other key projects will include magazine advertisements, a brochure, and a package design. Students will work as independent designers and design teams to simulate the commercial environment. At the conclusion of the course, students will have developed a professional interactive portfolio for business or application to higher education. 26 PHOTOGRAPHY – 1 UNIT (9193) Prerequisite: Art Foundations II Photography explores the historical context of photography, the mechanics of developing and printing black and white film, and the digital and graphic design aspects of photography. Student experiences photography from the pinhole camera to the digital cameras and participate in alternative printing techniques, such as photogram, hand- tinting, solarization, and toning. Sketchbook/log may be used to plan shoots and will include data on their assignments such as location, date, time of day, and settings. The student must have access to a digital camera. The Visual and Performing Arts Academy ART ACADEMY and ART SCHOLARS These visual arts classes, located at Churchland High School, are designed to prepare motivated students from any Portsmouth high school in grades 9-12 for further study in the visual arts. There are two groups of classes that students may choose to explore.  Art Academy: The Academy offers the nine different art classes listed above as well as AP Drawing, AP 2D Design, and AP 3D Design. These classes are open to any PPS high school student. If the student comes from Wilson or Norcom High School they must apply and be a good academic student and have a good attendance and discipline history. Bus transportation is provided for out of zone students who are accepted. All classes require a sketchbook.  The Art Scholars: Highly motivate and talented PPS students are encouraged to interview in the 8th grade for the Art Scholars classes. These classes emphasize academic excellence, artistic development, and intensive study in visual arts. Those excepted into the Art Scholars explore art processes, media, and art history. All students will maintain a sketchbook, participate in class discussions peer critiques, and student exhibitions. Students receive intensive individualized art instruction as well as whole class instruction; work with state of the art technology; participate. If there is room in their schedule, students may take any of the Art Academy courses that are of interest. Students may apply to enter The Visual and Performing Arts Academy in grades 8-11. The application process begins in early spring. The Visual Arts Academy involves and application. Art Scholars' acceptance requires a personal interview, with examples of the student's work culled from classwork and independent projects. Each of the Art Scholars classes runs a full-year and students are required to attend both the fall and spring terms. Each course receives credit for two honors classes each year. Art Scholars HONORS ART HISTORY/STUDIO I H– FINE ARTS – 2 UNITS (9170H) Prerequisite: Students interested in the taking Art Scholars classes must apply and present a portfolio of their work for review. The first year of Art Scholars is divided into two disciplines; art production, which is weighted at 80% and art history, which is weighted at 20%. In the first semester drawing from direct observation is studied with emphasis upon spatial organization, diverse media, and techniques. Also, the student is acquainted with the critique process and participates fully in class discussions. In the second-semester color theory is taught and the knowledge is applied through use of paint and other color media. Print and sculpture processes are also taught in the second semester. Simultaneously, the student will study the history of art. This segment of the course is the equivalent of a college-level survey course in art history. The student moves chronologically through time as social and historic contexts are considered. The study of art history is completed in the second year. Extra opportunities for field trips, guest speakers, and workshops are integral to the student’s experience. HONORS ART HISTORY/STUDIO II H– FINE ARTS – 2 UNITS (9197H) Prerequisite: Honors Art History/Studio I - Fine Arts Acceptance into the Art Scholars Classes The survey of materials and processes continues building upon the strengths of the student and identifying the weaknesses for improvement. Media exploration is encouraged as student assignments are longer in duration and 27 emphasis is placed upon technique, craftsmanship, and the concepts that give the artwork meaning. Studio work includes drawing and painting from direct observation, printmaking, limited photography processes, and sculpture. The study of art history continues from the latest semester and is weighted at 20%. Students are expected to find links between the art historical content and the studio experience. The cultural life of our community continues to be important as field trips, guest speakers, and studio visits are a part of the year’s work. ADVANCED STUDIO/RESEARCH – FINE ARTS – 2 UNITS (91980) Prerequisite: Art II /Studio II – Fine Arts In the third year, students are given increased amounts of personal freedom to select the concepts and issues about which art production will center. Instruction will continue to build on student strengths and improve upon skill, weaknesses with the ultimate goal of a portfolio suitable to be presented for a college admissions review. The portfolio will demonstrate both breadth of experience as well as specific areas of interest by the student. Both traditional means and modern technology will be used to generate student work. All students will be expected to complete supporting research in conjunction with art production. PORTFOLIO/RESEARCH – FINE ARTS – 2 UNITS (91990) Prerequisite: Advanced Studio/Research – Fine Arts Students will continue to produce increasingly sophisticated imagery with sensitivity to modern culture, cultural diversity, and formal design. A portfolio that reflects the student’s breadth, skill, and high level of craftsmanship remains the ultimate goal of the student, as opportunity for post-secondary study in the visual arts becomes a reality in the senior year. Independent studio and research problems will be developed between the student and the instructor. ADVANCED PLACEMENT COURSES: The content of these courses focuses on portfolio development and is determined by the Advanced Placement Course Description. These AP Studio Art courses are intended for highly motivated students who have a serious interest in art. It is seriously recommended that students have previous training in art. Students will need to work outside of the classroom, as well as in the classroom. Maintaining a sketchbook is a necessary component of instruction. All art students successfully completing AP Art Studio courses will participate in the College Board Portfolio Evaluation. Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Art II ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART STUDIO – 2D DESIGN - 2 UNITS (91489) ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART STUDIO – 3D DESIGN - 2 UNITS (91499) ADVANCED PLACEMENT DRAWING STUDIO – 2 UNITS (91509) The content of these three courses meets the standards established by the College Board. 30 ECONOMICS AND PERSONAL FINANCE – 36 WEEKS I UNIT (6120) Grades 10-12 Students will learn how to navigate the financial decisions they must face and make informed decisions related to career exploration, budgeting, banking, credit, insurance, spending, taxes, saving, investing, buying/leasing a vehicle, living independently, and inheritance. Development of financial literacy skills and an understanding of economic principles will provide the basis for responsible citizenship and career success. In addition to developing personal finance skills students in the 36-week course will also study basic occupational skills and concepts in preparation for entry-level employment in the field of finance. The course incorporates all economics and financial literacy objectives included in the Code of Virginia §22.1-200-03B. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year. LEGAL SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION – 1 UNIT (6736) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Keyboarding Applications Legal Systems Administration is a one-semester, single period course. Students wishing to gain employment in the legal field may take this course to learn how to use legal terminology and procedures useful in preparing legal documents and in functioning effectively in a law office. OFFICE ADMINISTRATION – 1 UNIT (6622) Grades 10-12 Office Administration is a one-semester, single-period course with emphasis on the development of word processing applications and office skills. Additional units of instruction include: operation of various office equipment, record and database management, human relations, oral and written communication, record keeping, information processing, and office careers orientation. EDUCATION VIRGINIA TEACHERS FOR TOMORROW (VTfT) - 1 UNIT (9062) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: None Fosters student interest, understanding, and appreciation of the teaching profession and allows secondary students to explore careers in education. Students build a foundation for teaching; learn the history, structure and governance of teaching; apply professional teaching techniques in the VTfT classroom and field experience; and reflect on their teaching experiences. Additional educational leadership opportunities are offered through the student organization, Educators Rising. VIRGINIA TEACHERS FOR TOMORROW II – 1 UNIT (9072) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: 9062 Students continue to explore careers in the Education and Training Cluster and pathways. This course provides the opportunity for students to prepare for careers in education as they research postsecondary options, learn about the process of teacher certification in Virginia, and participate in a practicum experience. FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCES Family and Consumer Sciences programs are designed to focus and develop the occupational skills, knowledge, attitudes and work habits that prepare students for careers in the areas associated with the consumer and family field. Additionally, non-occupational courses are offered in the traditional family studies. CULINARY ARTS I – 2 UNITS (8275) (Wilson High School and Churchland High School) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Nutrition and Wellness is recommended 31 Culinary Arts is a one-period, one-year class which prepares students in the art of planning, arranging, preparing, and serving food and beverages at a variety of social functions, and in preparing and packaging food products for boxed meals, parties, or other special occasions. CULINARY ARTS II – 2 UNITS (8276) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Culinary Arts I (8275) The Culinary Arts II curriculum provides students with continuing opportunities to acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the food service industry as well as to expand their technical skills. Students practice kitchen safety and sanitation, apply nutritional principles to food preparation and storage, perform a wide range of more advanced food-preparation techniques including garde manger and baking, refine their dining room serving skills, develop menus, perform on-site and off-site catered functions, and strengthen their business and math skills. The curriculum continues to place a strong emphasis on science and mathematics knowledge and skills. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EXPLORATION I - 2 UNITS (8285) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Nutrition and Wellness is recommended Students prepare to be primary providers of home, family, or institution-based child care services be focusing their study on the planning, organizing, and conducting of meaningful play and learning activities; child monitoring and supervision; record keeping; and referral procedures. Critical thinking, practical problem solving, and entrepreneurship opportunities within the field of early childhood education are emphasized. Teachers highlight the basic skills of math, science, and communication when appropriate in content. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EXPLORATION II (8286) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Early Childhood Education I Students prepare for positions in child care centers as child care attendants, kindergarten aides, or child care assistants; as Foster parents; or as entrepreneurs. Cooperative (on-the-job) education or work-based learning opportunities under the supervision of the instructor are an option. Critical thinking, practical problem solving, and entrepreneurship opportunities within the field of early childhood education are emphasized. Teachers highlight the basic skill of math, science, and communication when appropriate in content. LIFE PLANNING – 1 UNIT (8226) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students enrolled in this one-semester, one-period class focuses on developing a life management plan; caring for self and others to ensure wellness; building and maintaining constructive relationships; building and maintaining strong families; and strategies for career planning. COSMETOLOGY I – 2 UNITS (8745) Two Year Program Grades 10-11 Prerequisite: None In this introductory course, students study hair, skin, and nails and their related care. Students are grounded in theory as they prepare to practice procedures in a clinical lab setting or classroom, using manikins for manipulative skill practice. The first-year course emphasizes personal safety, professionalism, and sanitation and disinfection of equipment and facilities. Students develop skills in shampooing and conditioning hair, as well as styling and cutting hair. They are introduced to chemical texture services and develop skills in manicure and pedicure procedures. COSMETOLOGY II – 2 UNITS (8746) Two Year Program Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Cosmetology I (8745/36 Weeks) 32 In this continuing course, students build on their theoretical foundation of general sciences and practices in cosmetology to increase proficiency in hair cutting and styling on live models, with attention to professionalism, client consultation, safety, and infection control. Students are trained in safe chemical processes related to permanent waves, relaxers, lightening, and coloring hair. In addition, students learn to care for skin, hands, and feet, developing experience in providing facials, manicures, pedicures, and nail enhancements. Students will be introduced to a business management unit with a focus on managing the salon. NUTRITION AND WELLNESS – 1 UNIT (8228) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students enrolled in Nutrition and Wellness focus on making choices that promote wellness and good health; analyzing relationships between psychological and social needs and food choices; choosing foods that promote wellness; obtaining and storing food for self and family; preparing and serving nutritious meals and snacks; selecting and using equipment for food preparation and identifying strategies to promote optimal nutrition and wellness of society. Teachers highlight the basic skills of math, science, and communication when appropriate in the content. HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCES Health Occupations Education is designed to prepare students with basic skills for employment in nursing homes, clinics, medical and dental offices, hospitals, and certain public health settings. The occupational preparation programs provide knowledge, which enables students to enter employment in the health field immediately after program completion. These courses are offered at the divisions Career and Technical Education sites. NURSE ASSISTANT 1 – 2 UNITS (8331) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: None Nurse Aide I, offered as an occupational preparation course beginning at the 11th-grade level, emphasizes the study of nursing occupations as related to the health care system. Students study normal growth and development, simple body structure and function, and medical terminology and are introduced to microbes and disease. They receive elementary skill training in patient-nursing assistant relationships; taking and recording of vital signs; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and bathing, feeding, dressing, and transporting of patients in hospitals and nursing homes. Limited on-the-job instruction in nursing homes and hospitals is part of the course. This course can be used as an introduction to practical nursing or to prepare the student for Nurse Aide II so that all competencies for a certified nursing assistant are met. NURSE ASSISTANT II – 2 UNITS (8332) Grade 12 Prerequisite: Nurse Aide I (8360) Nurse Aide II is an occupational preparation course, emphasizing advanced skill training in areas such as catheter care, range of motion, bowel and bladder training, care of the dying, selected procedures for maternal and infant care, and admission and discharge procedures. Students learn diseases and body systems as related to advanced clinical care of the acute medical-surgical patient, the chronically ill, and the elderly. On-the-job instruction in a licensed nursing home is part of the course. Upon completion of the nurse aide program, the student is eligible to take the nurse aide certification exam that leads to employment as a certified nurse aide in hospitals and nursing homes. SPORTS MEDICINE/ATHLETIC TRAINING I – 1 UNIT (7660) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: None This course of studies provides students with the basic concepts and skill set required for an entry-level position as a sports medicine assistant. It introduces students to topics such as injury prevention, nutrition, first aid/CPR/AED, exercise physiology, and biomechanics. Students study basic human anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, legal and ethical issues in sports medicine, and career preparation. Course competencies have been constructed so as not to go beyond the professional scope of aide/assistant level. Mastery of the material in this course would 35 supervised on-the-job training throughout the school year. This course requires a student to work a specific number of hours in a course-related job to receive the addition credit. OPPORTUNITIES IN HOSPITALITY & TOURISM – 2 UNITS (8160) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: None In this specialized course, students with a career interest in the field of hospitality and recreation develop skills in the areas of hotel front-office procedures, human relations, food and beverage service, purchasing, tourism, travel, and sales promotion. In addition, students obtain a thorough understanding of the hotel-motel industry and the career options available. Academic skills (mathematics, science, English, and history/social science) related to the content are part of this course. Computer/technology applications supporting this course are studied. PRINCIPLES OR BUS/MARK – 1 UNIT (9116) Grades 9-10 Prerequisite: None Students discover the roles of business and marketing in the free enterprise system and the global economy. Basic financial concepts of banking, insurance, credit, inheritance, taxation, and investments are investigated to provide a strong background as students prepare to make sound decisions as consumers, wage earners, and citizens. The real- world impact of technology, effective communication, and interpersonal skills is evident throughout the course. This course also supports career development skills and explores career options. MILITARY SCIENCE NJROTC: Churchland - Marines I.C. Norcom - Navy Wilson - Army MILITARY SCIENCE I – 1 UNIT (7913) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students are introduced to the JROTC curriculum, and basic U.S. citizenship rights and responsibilities are established and reinforced. Students learn leadership, history, communication techniques, disciplined study habits, management skills, first aid, drug abuse prevention, map reading, physical fitness, and workplace readiness skills. Military customs and courtesies, proper uniform wear, and personal appearance guidelines are followed within the leadership lab, drill, and military ceremonies. MILITARY SCIENCE II – 1 UNIT (7916) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: Military Science I (7913/36 weeks) Students are introduced to the JROTC curriculum, and basic U.S. citizenship rights and responsibilities are established and reinforced. Students learn leadership, history, communication techniques, disciplined study habits, management skills, first aid, drug abuse prevention, map reading, physical fitness, and workplace readiness skills. Military customs and courtesies, proper uniform wear, and personal appearance guidelines are followed within the leadership lab, drill, and military ceremonies. MILITARY SCIENCE III – 1 UNIT (7918) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Military Science II (7916/36 weeks) Students continue to develop their leadership skills through working as command and staff leaders. Additional communication skills are developed, including methods of instruction, preparation, and proper conduct of cadet- led classes. Human relations, group dynamics, orienteering, contemporary U. S. issues, and advanced military history studies are also included. 36 MILITARY SCIENCE IV – 1 UNIT (7919) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Military Science III (7918/36 weeks) Students continue to develop their leadership skills through working as command and staff leaders. Additional communication skills are developed, including methods of instruction, preparation, and proper conduct of cadet- led classes. Human relations, group dynamics, orienteering, contemporary U. S. issues, and advanced military history studies are also included. TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION Technology Education teaches students to understand, use, and control technology. The curriculum covers the development of technology and its effect on people, the environment, and society. Students learn how to adjust to change, to deal with forces that influence their fortune, and to participate in controlling their future. In the laboratory, students develop insights into the application of technological concepts, processes, and systems. They are prepared to be active participants in controlling their future. COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM SYSTEMS – 1 UNIT (8418) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Communications Systems is a one-semester, single-period course that involves students in using technology to communicate information in visual or audio formats. Communications systems are an integral part of the other technological activities involving input, processing, output, and feedback. Students develop personal interests and analyze the impact of communication systems on people, society, and culture. GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS – 1 UNIT (8494) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Communications Systems Graphic communications is a one-semester, single-period course which deals with printed images such as newspapers, books, printed T-shirts, signs, photographs, wallpaper, or stationery. Students use a variety of graphic arts equipment and processes to make visual projects with different materials. Students design, plan, and reproduce products similar to those produced by the graphic arts industry. Cameras, printing presses, and copy machines are among the many equipment items used. COMPUTER CONTROL AND AUTOMATION – 1 UNIT (8420) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: Communications Systems Computer Control and Automation is a one-semester, single-period course. Students engage in a very broad study of the technical aspects of computers and their application to production, transportation, and communication systems. Topics include computer equipment and operating systems, programming, control processing information, and social/cultural impact of computers. Problem-solving activities challenge students to plan, program, and interface devices with computer systems. Learning activities include experiences with robotics and control systems, computer- aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing. TECHNICAL DRAWING AND DESIGN – 1 UNIT (8434) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None This is a one-semester, single-period foundation course in which students experience the basic language of industry and technology. Students design, sketch, and make technical drawings, models, or prototypes of real design problems. The course is recommended for future engineering and architecture students. 37 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING AND DESIGN – 1 UNIT (8492) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Technical Drawing Architectural Drawing is a one-semester, single-period course which provides students the opportunity to learn about the principles of working drawings and construction techniques. Experiences include residential and commercial building designs, rendering, model making, structural details, and community planning. Students use computer-aided drawing and design (CADD) equipment and established standards or codes. GEOSPATIAL – 1 UNIT (8423) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None The Geospatial Technology program provides experiences pertaining to the study and use of geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing (RS), and mobile technologies. Fundamentally, these technologies allow students to explore and analyze the natural and human-made world, from local to global and beyond. Students use various tools, processes, and techniques to create, store, access, manipulate, and revise data to solve human challenges. These experiences employ real-world spatial analysis models and guidelines for integrating, interpreting, analyzing, and synthesizing data, with a focus on both the implications and the limitations of such technologies. These experiences also include interfacing to network-based data management systems PRODUCTION SYSTEMS – 1 UNIT (8446) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: None Students in this one-semester, single-period laboratory course design, build, and test scale-model structures, working with projects that help them to understand the jobs of architects, carpenters, electricians, plumbers, surveyors, contractors, masons, design engineers, and a variety of other construction careers. (This course is a companion to Manufacturing Technology). MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS – 1 UNIT (8426) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Production Systems Students in this one-semester, single-period course organize and operate a manufacturing company to explore careers and work habits typical of American industry’s free enterprise system. Students make projects or products in the company that can be sold, while experiencing the work of planners, designers, engineers, machine operators, personnel managers, and a variety of other manufacturing careers. (This course is a companion to Construction Technology). TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATIONS – 1 UNIT (8402) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None In Technology Foundations, students in this one-semester, single-period course acquire a foundation of knowledge in technological material, energy, and information and apply processes associated with the technological thinker. Laboratory activities engage students in creating new ideas and innovations, building systems, and analyzing technological products to learn further how and why technology works. Working in groups, students build and control systems with engineering in the development of a technology. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER – 1 UNIT (8404) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Technology Foundations In Technology Transfer, students in this one-semester, single-period course work with various computers and materials on projects that combine systems such as production, energy, communications, transportation, and other technologies. Students use math, science, and communication in designing and building a computer device or an energy efficient vehicle. Thematic activities engage students in community problems where they transfer the technological method to address recycling, space exploration, and housing. 40 ENGLISH READING LINKS Grade 7 Prerequisite: Language Arts 6 The Reading Links course is designed to help students improve their abilities to understand what they read, improve reading fluency, and enhance critical thinking capacities. Students who did not pass the sixth grade reading SOL test or who earned a C or D in Language Arts 6 may qualify to be enrolled. Students who are weak in English 7 may be considered. This one-semester course addresses motivation, vocabulary development, fluency, and comprehension strategies that help students become highly skilled, independent readers. ENGLISH 7 (1110) Grade 7 Prerequisite: Language Arts 6 This course continues the integrated study of reading selections by emphasizing the literary elements appropriate for the age and maturity of seventh graders. Skills are further developed in reading, writing, critical thinking, language usage, speaking, and writing. Using the writing process, students explore a variety of writing experiences that further develop skills in creative and functional writing. HONORS ENGLISH 7 (1110H) Grade 7 Prerequisite: Language Arts 6 The English Seven Honors course emphasizes the recognition of story elements – plot, characterization, setting, point of view, and theme. Students will also gain experience in analyzing various literary forms of prose and poetry as they relate readings to their own experiences. Students will develop a better grasp of sentence structure, a variety of paragraph development techniques, vocabulary development, and appropriate grammatical conventions as they use the writing process. Skills will be developed through various activities requiring higher levels of listening, thinking, and speaking. ENGLISH 8 (1120) Grade 8 Prerequisite: English 7 English Eight is designed to help students gain increased skills and satisfaction from their reading, writing, critical thinking, speaking, and listening. The student begins to study the structure of the language and how language works. Functional literacy skills are also emphasized. HONORS ENGLISH 8 (1120H) Grade 8 Prerequisite: English 7 The Honors English Eight course provides opportunities for students to evaluate and relate reading and writing to their own experiences as well as to current and historical world events. The literature read will also enable students to explore and respond to contributions of literature from their own as well as from other cultures. Students will use the process approach to writing with an emphasis on descriptive and narrative writing. Writing will also be used as a means of substantiating learning and as a means of discovering self and formulating relationships with others. The mechanics of writing will be taught through the writing process. 41 * ENGLISH 9 – 1 UNIT (1130) Grade 9 Prerequisite: English 8 This course is designed to help students increase their skills in reading, writing, critical thinking, speaking and listening. Emphasis is placed on the development of good sentences and paragraphs through short narratives, persuasion essays, descriptive pieces, and friendly letters as a means of producing ease in expression. Reading skills are developed through the use of various types of literature offered for pleasure and appreciation. Functional literacy skills are also emphasized. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. * HONORS ENGLISH 9 – 1 UNIT (1130H) Grade 9 Prerequisite: English 8 for students who have passed with a grade of A or B. The Honors English Nine course emphasizes extensive vocabulary study, basic English skills, classical mythology, and a comprehensive study of genres in literature. Vocabulary development focuses on the study of advanced word lists, analogies, roots and affixes. The writing program includes the refinement of basic composition structures and the introduction of longer essays. The mastery of standard usage and grammatical skills is acquired through the writing process. Students will write clearly and effectively and use writing as a way to learn. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. * ENGLISH 10 – 1 UNIT (1140) Grade 10 Prerequisite: English 9 In English Ten, in addition to sentence and paragraph development, accuracy, clarity, and logic are stressed as the student is introduced to the modes of writing with an emphasis on persuasion. Short stories, poems, drama, the novel, and non-fiction selections are included in the offerings in literature. Students will analyze literary selections based on the author’s treatment of syntax, diction, point of view, figures of speech, tone, imagery and other literary elements. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. * HONORS ENGLISH 10 – 1 UNIT (1140H) Grade 10 Prerequisite: English 9 The Honors English Ten course will enable students to acquire a greater understanding and appreciation of the fine effects and techniques of a variety of literary genres, which illustrate beliefs of various people. Readings will also include biographical and autobiographical works. The student will also gain knowledge of vocabulary concepts related to language use and literature, including analogies, context clues, inferences, and commonly misused words. The student will produce writings in the four forms of discourse: narration, description, exposition and with an emphasis upon persuasion. Opportunities for interactive technology and creative writing are included in the curriculum, with additional writings requiring enhanced research and literary criticism. Students will apply specific grammatical concepts to their writing: proper coordination, transitional devices, sentence structure, verbal, usage, and mechanics. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. 42 * ENGLISH 11 – 1 UNIT (1150) Grade 11 Prerequisite: English 10 This course is designed to provide more advanced work in sentence and paragraph development and a greater variety of composition using critical skills with include using persuasion, research techniques and writing business letters. The literature, which traces the development of America, offers many opportunities for the development of research techniques and an appreciation for American life and literature. Students will use the elements of rhetoric, style, and modes of discourse to analyze selected works. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. * HONORS ENGLISH 11 – 1 UNIT (1150H) Grade 11 Prerequisite: English 10 The Honors English Eleven course is both a literary survey of American literature and a developmental program of composition with emphasis upon persuasive writing, research and writing for life. This course is based on the chronological approach to literature and enables the student to gain realistic insight into the whole picture of American literature: Colonial times to present. The study of the language embraces the writing process as students express their ideas and images creatively in a variety of media. In order to be fully aware of the trends and characteristics of each period as reflected in the works of major writers, students will supplement the regular class work by researching, compiling, and becoming familiar with major American writers, their British counterparts, and the impact of existing trends and ideas of writers during a given period. These facts will be well documented and will serve as a supplement for future references. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. * ENGLISH 12 – 1 UNIT (1160) Grade 12 Prerequisite: English 11 Advanced persuasive and research based writing on this level emphasizes all previous knowledge in grammar and composition. Techniques of research papers and business writing receive emphasis. Through a survey of English literature, students develop greater skills in reading and a better understanding of life and literature. The students are able to determine how a nation’s history strongly influences its writers. The course is aligned to emphasize the development of the core skill sets of the Profile of a Virginia Graduate to establish multiple paths toward college and career readiness for students. * ONLINE ENGLISH 12 – 1 UNIT (1160V) Grade 12 Prerequisite: English 11 The focus of the Online English 12 course is to prepare students for future academic and vocational success taught in a virtual environment. Students write in a variety of modes for a variety of audiences. As they work through the writing process, students revise and edit their work for subject/verb agreement, pronoun reference, consistent viewpoint, and correct mechanics and usage. A Survey of British Literature helps students relate to the political, social, and philosophical perspectives of each historical period. As students preview the social, historical, and literary elements of each time period, they will begin to see how British authors and their literary contributions have influenced the lives and literature of many people. During the course, students practice techniques for improving their own writing styles and fluency of expression while, additionally, developing advanced reading strategies. The extent of review in grammar/usage depends 45 Speed Stacking, Ping Pong, Team Dodgeball, Frisbee and Frisbee golf, Orienteering, Tchoukball, Pickleball, Bocce Ball, Rhythmic activities, skill development and sport lead-up games. HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9 ONLINE- 1 UNIT (7300) Grade 9 Prerequisite: None In this online course, students will gain an understanding of health through media-rich interactivities, videos, collaborative discussions hands-on applications, and real-world projects. The topics of study may include the following: nutrition principles, decision- making process, violence prevention, time management, conflict resolution, avoiding risky behaviors, community health, world issues, principles of fitness, CPR/AED/First Aid and physical activities that promote wellness. Along the way students will learn some terminology and concepts that are specific to health and physical education. Physical education in grade 9 focuses on the following areas of study: competence in at least two self-selected, lifelong skill-related physical activities from individual, dual or team games/sport, dance and recreational activities, apply movement principles and concepts, personal fitness, apply FITT Principle, and demonstrate appropriate behaviors during physical activity settings. Students may participate in but are not limited to various activities such as: aerobic dance, badminton, basketball, orienteering, soccer, speedball, Wii, table tennis, volleyball, bowling, basketball, tennis, the use of pedometers and heart rate monitors. * HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 10 1 UNIT (7405) Grade 10 Prerequisite: Health and Physical Education 9 (7300) Thirty-six (36) hours of the classroom phase of driver education are included in the health instruction program. Students will use knowledge, processes, and skills learned in driver education, and receive guided practice from their parents to become competent users of the highway transportation system. Emphasis is placed on linking visual search skills, space management, and balanced vehicle movement to risk-reducing driving strategies. Significant attention is given to risk awareness, driver alertness, and responsible actions relative to occupant protection devices, positive interactions with other roadway users and the physical and psychological conditions that affect driver performance. Family Life Education is included in the health education curriculum. Students in grade 10 physical education are engaging in fundamental movement skills and skill combinations and are working toward becoming competent in self-selected physical activities that they are likely to pursue throughout life including outdoor pursuits, fitness activities, dance and rhythmic activities, aquatics, selected individual performance activities, and net/wall and target games. They understand and apply concepts and principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement and apply the concepts and principles of the body’s metabolic response to short-term and long-term physical activity. Students learn to become good leaders and good followers; they respect others, and anticipate and avoid unsafe physical activity situations. Students will develop the ability to understand and anticipate how physical activity interests and abilities change across a lifetime. Students demonstrate competency in lifelong physical activities and plan, implement, self-assess, and modify a personal fitness plan. Students are prepared to lead a physically active lifestyle. Students may participate in but are not limited to various activities such as: aerobic dance, badminton, basketball, orienteering, soccer, speedball, Wii, table tennis, volleyball, bowling, basketball, tennis, the use of pedometers and heart rate monitors. PERSONAL FITNESS I/II (elective) 1 UNIT (7510) Prerequisite: Completed Physical Education 9 (7300) and 10 (7405) Personal Fitness is an elective physical education course that focuses on fitness, strength training, physical conditioning, and lifetime health concepts, activities and knowledge to promote health and wellness. This course is structured to develop individualized knowledge of weight training and physical conditioning for the beginning student and the advanced student. The course requires mastery of training principles and thorough understanding of fitness center safety rules prior to participation in weight room laboratory experiences. The 46 course content is presented so that teachers may select strategies and instructional techniques designed to improve muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Students will gain the necessary information and skills to plan and implement a personal fitness and conditioning program that includes skill- and health-related fitness components to achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of physical fitness for a lifetime. Various training models will be presented that allow flexibility of instruction among diverse student needs. Students will continue to implement and modify personal fitness and conditioning programs. GRADE 11/12 (elective) 1 UNIT (7640) Prerequisite: H & PE 9 and 10 Elective advanced physical education courses provide students with the opportunity to participate in physical activities for specific purposes. Students in elective physical education demonstrate the knowledge and understanding necessary to analyze movement performance in an activity of choice using scientific principles, and implement effective practice procedures for skillful performance in specialized movement forms. Students apply advanced movement-specific information so that they develop the ability to learn, self-assess, and improve movement skills independently. Options for offering specialized-movement courses can be configured by quarter, by semester, or on a full-year basis. Students should be offered the opportunity to self-select an activity throughout the course. Students will select areas of concentration to study. Examples of activity choices: aerobics, dance, individual sports, lifelong activities, outdoor pursuits, team sports, weight management, weight training/conditioning. 47 MATHEMATICS * Indicates courses that satisfy the mathematics requirement for graduation. Course offerings in mathematics may vary slightly between schools, but each school offers a comprehensive program which provides the opportunity for college and/or technical preparation. Students capable of achieving success in a college preparatory program should arrange to take advanced mathematics courses. The recommended sequence in which the courses should be taken is: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Advanced Algebra/Trigonometry, followed by Mathematical Analysis or Advanced Placement Calculus. Also, depending upon the student’s interest and plans for further study, consideration should be given to taking Computer Mathematics and/or Advanced Placement Statistics. In all mathematics courses, the emphasis is on developing problem solving and reasoning skills, connecting mathematics to the real world, and communicating mathematically. Calculator and computer technologies are an integral part of the content of each course. However, facility in the use of technology shall not be regarded as a substitute for a student’s understanding of quantitative concepts and relationships or for proficiency in basic computations. MATHEMATICS 7 (3111) Grade 7 Prerequisite: Sixth Grade Mathematics This course is designed to expand students’ knowledge of numeration and number theory with emphasis on the application of the concepts of ratio and proportions. It includes computation, estimation, measurement, geometry, statistics, probability, patterns and functions, and the fundamental concepts of algebra. Problem solving is emphasized as a method of inquiry and application. Students will also identify real-life applications of the mathematical principles they are learning that can be applied to science and other disciplines. MATHEMATICS 7 HONORS (3111H) Grade 7 Prerequisite: The Mathematics 7H course is designed to prepare students to take Algebra I in the eighth grade. This course covers all Mathematics 7 and Mathematics 8 content during the seventh grade year. This is a mathematics course of general topics such as number systems, an introduction to algebra, and informal geometry. New concepts include solving multi-step equations, graphing linear equations, applying transformations to geometric figures, and using matrices to organize and interpret data. Students will also apply concepts learned to science and other disciplines. A foundation is provided to take Algebra I in the eighth grade and an opportunity for greater understanding of mathematical skills.. Problem solving is emphasized as a method of inquiry and application. MATHEMATICS 8 (3112) Grade 8 Prerequisite: Seventh Grade Mathematics This is a mathematics course of general topics such as number systems, an introduction to algebra, and informal geometry. New concepts include solving multi-step equations, graphing linear equations, applying transformations to geometric figures, and using matrices to organize and interpret data. Students will also apply concepts learned to science and other disciplines. A foundation is provided to take algebra and an opportunity for greater understanding of mathematical skills is given. Problem solving is emphasized as a method of inquiry and application. 50 applications and modeling should be included throughout the course of study. Emphasis should also be placed on oral and written communication concerning the language of mathematics, logic of procedure, and interpretation of results. Graphing calculators, computers, and other appropriate technology tools will be used to assist in teaching and learning. Graphing utilities enhance the understanding of realistic applications through modeling and aid in the investigation of trigonometric functions and their inverses. They also provide a powerful tool for solving and verifying solutions to trigonometric equations and inequalities. *DISCRETE MATHEMATICS – 1 UNIT (3154H) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Algebra II Discrete mathematics may be described as the study of mathematical properties of sets and systems that have a countable (discrete) number of elements. This course is designed to make connections and build relationships among algebra, geometry and probability and statistics. It is the study of finite mathematical systems allowing for solving problems of real world situations in economics, the natural and physical sciences. Topics include social choice as a mathematical application, matrices and their uses, graph theory and its applications, counting and finite probability, as well as the processes of optimization, existence, and algorithm construction. The main focus is problem solving in a discrete setting. As students solve problems, they will analyze and determine whether or not a solution exists(existence problems), investigate how many solutions exist (counting problems), and focus on finding the best solution (optimization problems). The importance of discrete mathematics has been influenced by computers. Modern technology (graphing calculators and/or computers) will be an integral component of this course. *HONORS MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS – 1 UNIT (3162H) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Algebra II Mathematical Analysis is designed to present principles of higher mathematics while reviewing traditional material. Mathematical Analysis is a study of functions, complex number systems, set notation, number theory, and computer applications. Work with limits, derivations, and integrals is emphasized to prepare students for calculus. Graphing utilities (graphing calculators or computer graphing simulators) will be used by students and teachers. * ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS AB – 2 UNITS (31779) Grade 12 Prerequisite: Trigonometry or Mathematical Analysis Advanced Placement Calculus AB is a course designed for students who have a thorough knowledge of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Topics taught include properties of functions, limits, derivations, definite/indefinite integrals and their applications in problem solving. Elementary differential equations, sequences and series are also studied. This course content is determined by the Advanced Placement Course Description Syllabus published by the College Board. Students successfully completing AP Calculus will take the College Board Advanced Placement Examination. As mandated by the College Board, graphing calculators are required for this course. * ADVANCED PLACEMENT STATISTICS – 1 UNIT (31929) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Algebra II The purpose of the Advanced Placement Statistics course is to introduce students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: (1) Exploring Data – observing patterns and departures from patterns, (2) Planning a Study – deciding what and how to measure, (3) Anticipating Patterns in Advance – producing models using probability and simulation, (4) Statistical Inference – confirming models. The fundamental tool of data analysis is the computer. 51 Therefore, students and teachers will utilize the computer with an appropriate software package for work in and outside the classroom. Graphing calculators will also be used. Students successfully completing this course will take the College Board Advanced Placement Examination. COLLEGE SEMINAR – (3136) Grade 12 Prerequisite: Completion of Geometry This course is designed for students who have not been enrolled in a mathematics course for a least one school year. This course will integrate college and career-ready performance expectations. The focus of this course will be investigations of mathematics in a real world setting. Successful completion of this course will prepare students for college placement tests in mathematics or career licensure examinations. Graphing calculators and computers will be a component of this course. 52 PERFORMING ARTS DANCE EDUCATION General Dance (9319), Fall or Spring Semester (1 unit each semester) Prerequisite: None The student will be introduced to the basic principles of movement which includes the following: Isolation of body parts, proper body alignment, balance, elevation, fall and recovery, and moving through space while maintaining proper body alignment. Basic dance techniques knowledge (including Ballroom dance), terminology, general anatomy, kinesiology, movement history, and nutrition will also be addressed. This semester long course will introduce students to Pilates, Yoga, Cardio, and Strengthening movement techniques. Any Portsmouth Public School division high school student may take this course. Performing Arts Academy: Dance Program Any Portsmouth Public School division high school student may apply for admission to the Dance Program. The program is housed at Churchland High School. Acceptance into the program is achieved through the submission of a completed written application, a successful audition and interview, and the program facilitator recommendation. Students selected for the program who reside outside of the Churchland High School zone must receive a zone waiver. This four year sequential progressive program consists of Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 and is designed for exceptionally talented students who are willing to make a serious and dedicated commitment to dance education. The major goal is to develop dance skills. Dance students will engage in a thorough study of dance history, musculoskeletal anatomy, kinesiology, physiology, health and nutrition, injury prevention, technique, choreography, and performance techniques. Students will perform as a solo performer and as a member of an ensemble in and/or outside of the classroom. Participation expectations include in-school and after-school rehearsals and performances. Performing Arts Academy: Dance I (9321), Fall and Spring Semester Participation Required (2 units per school year) Prerequisite: Submission of a completed written application and zone waiver (if applicable), teacher recommendations, the successful completion of an audition and interview, and the program facilitator recommendation. The student will explore various dance knowledge and skills at the beginner’s level. Student learning includes the development of kinesthetic awareness; knowledge of proper body alignment, physical strength, flexibility, and endurance; and the awareness of and proper use of appropriate dance terminology. The student will gain knowledge of choreographic and performance principles. The foundations of dance elements and skills will be addressed along with proper execution of various movements for optimal performance and injury prevention. The student will gain an awareness of the general anatomical make of the human body and how it functions. The importance of hydration and healthy eating habits will be explored. The student will engage in various forms of assessment. Performing Arts Academy: Dance II (9323), Fall and Spring Semester Participation Required (2 units per school year) Prerequisite: Successful Completion of PAA Dance I & the recommendation of the program facilitator. The student will review beginning level dance concepts, techniques, and literature. The student will progress to an intermediate level exploration of the skeletal and muscular systems. The student will apply health and nutritional information. The student will engage in various forms of assessment. 55 performances are to be expected along with participation in the All City Assessment Event. Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA) sponsored events such as regional orchestra auditions and participation promote student growth and development. An additional performance opportunity is the Portsmouth Public Schools Solo and Small Ensemble Competition. INTERMEDIATE ORCHESTRA (92380) – Level II, Grades 3 and 4 music; Fall and Spring Term participation required, (1 unit each semester) Prerequisite: Must have passed Beginning Orchestra, or completed summer orchestra, or acquired the orchestra director’s recommendation. Building on Level I objectives, Level II objectives are studied using a variety of more challenging music and mastering concepts and skills presented in the methods book. The building of technique and the refinement of musical performance are emphasized. Intermediate Orchestra – Level II can be a composite strings class. The building of technique and the refinement of musical performance are emphasized. School division-owned string instruments, methods books, and consumables such as rosin, strings, roc stops are available at no charge to the student. After-school rehearsals and performances are to be expected along with participation in Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA) sponsored events such as district festivals. An additional performance opportunity is the Portsmouth Public Schools Solo and Small Ensemble Competition. ADVANCED ORCHESTRA (92390) – Level III, Grades 5 and some 6 music, Fall and Spring Term participation required (1 unit each semester) Prerequisite: Must have passed Intermediate Orchestra or acquired the orchestra director’s recommendation Building on Levels I and Level II objectives, Level III objectives are addressed using more challenging music. The building of technique and the refinement of musical performance are emphasized. The student should have a solid background in music fundamentals and in the special technique required for the instrument being studied. Emphasis will be placed on the student’s ability to play scales in all major keys, six minor key arpeggios, and specific chromatic scales. Additionally, the student will sight read challenging music excerpts and demonstrate through performance string nuances (i.e. vibrate, intonation, slurring, pizzicato.) School division- owned string instruments, methods books, and consumables such as rosin, strings, roc stops are available at no charge to the student. Participation in after-school rehearsals, weekend festivals, division, state and national- level activities, outside concerts, competitions, and Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA) sponsored events are expected. An additional performance opportunity is the Portsmouth Public Schools Solo and Small Ensemble Competition. BEGINNING CHORUS (92600) – Level I, Grades 1 and 2 music, Fall and Spring Term participation required Prerequisite: None Beginning Chorus- Level I is open to all students interested in entering the choral program. As an entry-level course, students will be introduced to basic vocal fundamentals with emphasis on group techniques for building diaphragmatic breathing and choral tone. Basic music reading and ear training skills will be taught. Student knowledge of his/her own vocal behavior, especially characteristics of the changing voice (cambiata), is emphasized. The student will sing in an ensemble, age appropriate music from traditional choral repertoire (unison, two-part, and three-part music). Participation in after-school rehearsals, outside concerts, festivals, and All-City events such as assessments are required. Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA) sponsored events participation is expected. An additional performance opportunity is the Portsmouth Public Schools Solo and Small Ensemble Competition. 56 INTERMEDIATE CHORUS (92850) – Level II, Grades 3 and 4 music, Fall and Spring Term participation required (1unit each semester) Prerequisite: Must have passed Beginning Chorus or choral director’s recommendation Intermediate Chorus-Level II is a continuation of the study of vocal fundamentals and music reading and ear training skills introduced at Level I. It is the continuation of the objectives of Level I with the study of more challenging music. This level of study emphasizes the building of technique and the refinement of musical performance. The student will sing in an ensemble age appropriate music from traditional choral repertoire (unison, two-part, three-part, and four-part music). Participation in after-school rehearsals, outside concerts, festivals, and All-City events such as assessments are required. Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA) sponsored events participation is expected. An additional performance opportunity is the Portsmouth Public Schools Solo and Small Ensemble Competition. ADVANCED CHORUS (92890) – Level III, Grades 5 and some 6 music, Fall and Spring Term participation required (1 unit each semester) Prerequisite: Successful completion of Level II, audition, and/or audition/recommendation by choral director The advanced chorus student performs music of a difficult nature from the medieval period to contemporary choral literature. A high degree of performance ability and the mastery of vocal and choral concepts, artistic expression, and sight-reading and ear training proficiency are expected. Participation in after-school rehearsals, outside concerts, festivals, and All-City events such as assessments are required. Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA) sponsored events participation is expected. An additional performance opportunity is the Portsmouth Public Schools Solo and Small Ensemble Competition. THEATRE ARTS Students will experience a “tactile” approach to theatre in the areas of dramatic interpretation, play analysis, technical construction, play production and evaluation. Elements of theatre that are studied include scenic design, voice and diction, improvisation, and kinesics. A high level of commitment and personal maturity are required. The program fosters a cohesive and supportive atmosphere for intellectual personal, and artistic growth. DRAMATICS – 1 UNIT (1410) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: None Dramatics stresses aesthetic appreciation and individual expression through its introduction to the fundamentals of drama: history, play production, acting, directing, criticism, and the mass media. It serves as a workshop for dramatic productions in the school. ADVANCED DRAMATICS – 1 UNIT (1440) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Dramatics or Successful Audition Advanced dramatics is provided for the students who wish to pursue the study of drama in more depth. Emphasis is on acting, character creation, costuming, make-up, directing, and theater management. 57 SCIENCE * Indicates courses that satisfy the science requirement for graduation. The science program in grades 7-12 is a coordinated part of an overall K-12 sequential program. The major goal of the laboratory-oriented program is to develop scientifically literate individuals. Scientific literacy involves the mastery of science concepts and skills along with the development of attitudes and interests that are necessary to meet the general goals of all education. The courses at each level are designed to provide opportunities for students to experiment, investigate, participate, and explore in many areas of study consistent with their abilities, needs, and interests. The courses are also designed to benefit those students who plan to terminate their education at the high school level, as well as for those who will further their education. For graduation from high school, each student is required to complete three or four years of laboratory science beyond the eighth grade. School counselors can provide assistance with scheduling of courses. LIFE SCIENCE (4115) Seventh Grade Prerequisite: None Life Science serves as an introduction to the basic principles of biology. Through the use of laboratory activities and experiments, scientific principles are reinforced, and students solve problems concerning the biosphere. PHYSICAL SCIENCE (4125) Eighth Grade Prerequisite: None This course is an introduction to the basic principles of chemistry and physics. Through the use of laboratory activities and experiments, scientific principles are reinforced, and students solve problems concerning the physical environment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN – STEM STUDENTS – 1 UNIT (46101H) – Science elective credit Ninth grade - I. C. Norcom High School ONLY; AC-13 course: Application process Prerequisite: Students who have completed the middle school STEM program Experimental Design/Science Skills is a laboratory course that includes strategies to identify the independent and dependent variables, controls, constants, and cause-effect relationships, as well as laboratory techniques and safety, precise measurement, data collection, data analysis, and graphing techniques are stressed. The course is problem-based with an emphasis on research and design. * ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – 1 UNIT (03003) Ninth Grade Prerequisite: NONE This fundamental course is designed to continue the student investigations that began in grades K-8. The course focus is on scientific investigations of the local environment, the physical world, the living environment, resource conservation, human impact on the environment, and legal and civic responsibilities. Instruction will focus on student data collection and analysis through laboratory experience and field work. * BIOLOGY – 1 UNIT (4310) Tenth Grade Prerequisite: Algebra I, English 9 This course utilizes a systematic approach to the study of biology. It is designed to aid the student in the understanding of major life processes and the diversity of living things through a variety of activities and laboratory investigations. 60 each principle plays a unifying role in the operation of mechanical, fluid, electrical, and thermal systems in high- tech equipment. PRINCIPLES OF TECHNOLOGY II – 1 UNIT (9812) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Principles of Technology I Students in this one-semester, single-period course build on the knowledge base developed in Principles of Technology I while applying math and physics principles of problem solving activities. They are provided a further understanding of the principles of mechanical, fluid, electrical, and thermal systems that demonstrate the basic principles of physics, dividing them into seven units: Momentum, Waves and Vibrations, Energy Converters, Transducers, Radiation, Light and Optical Systems, and Time Constants.* * Students must complete two lab science courses prior to taking this sequence. Students who successfully complete both Principles of Technology I and Principles of Technology II may receive a Physics credit for Principles of Technology II. Principles of Technology I counts as an elective credit. * ADVANCED PLACEMENT BIOLOGY – 2 UNITS (43709) Tenth – Twelfth Grades Prerequisites: Algebra II, Biology, Earth Science This course provides the student an opportunity to meet the objectives of a general biology course at the college level. The living organism is studied from the molecular and cellular point of view with emphasis upon the required laboratory experiences. The pace and depth of the course are intensive. Students are expected to take the Advanced Placement Exam. * ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY – 2 UNITS (44709) – Norcom High School only Eleventh – Twelfth Grades Prerequisites: Algebra II, Chemistry (4410H) This course provides the student an opportunity to meet the objectives of a general chemistry course at the college level. Topics and laboratory activities included in this course reflect structure and the states of matter, reactions, and description chemistry. The pace and depth of the course are intensive. Students are expected to take the Advanced Placement Exam ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – 2 UNITS (42709) Tenth – Twelfth Grades Prerequisites: Algebra II, Earth Science Honors (4210H), Biology Honors (4310H) This course provides the student an opportunity to meet the objectives of a general Environmental Science course at the college level. The goal of the AP Environmental Science course is to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing them.. Students are expected to take the Advanced Placement Exam. 61 SOCIAL STUDIES * Indicates courses that satisfy the social studies requirement for graduation. Social Studies courses are designed to help students understand and appreciate our history, our system of government, our economic system, and cultural heritage. One unit of United States and Virginia History, one in United States and Virginia Government, and one in either World History I and Geography or World History II and Geography is required for graduation in a standard diploma program. One unit of United States and Virginia History, one in United States and Virginia Government, and two in World History I and Geography and World History II and Geography are required for graduation in an advanced studies program. World Cultures I and II fulfill graduation requirements at Wilson High School. World Cultures is offered only at Wilson High School as part of the International Studies Center of Excellence program. UNITED STATES HISTORY: 1865 TO THE PRESENT (2354) Grade 7 Prerequisite: None This course encompasses the development of American ideals, eras, and personalities from Reconstruction to the present. It is designed to present United States involvement in world affairs and its evolution as a world leader. Social, economic, and political events are discussed and compared to others of that time period, as well as the present. The use of writing and thinking skills, charts, graphs, cartoons and other data interpretation activities is emphasized. Specific themes include Reconstruction, Imperialism, Progressive Movement, World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, the Korean War, the Cold War, and the decades of the sixties through the present. CIVICS AND ECONOMICS (2357) Grade 8 Prerequisite: None Students will explore the role of a citizen in the American political and economic systems. Emphasis is placed on the rights, duties, and responsibilities of American citizenship. Students will focus on the U. S. and Virginia Constitutions and the structure and functions of government institutions at all levels. This course also examines the basic principles, structure, and operation of the American economy. The American systems and institutions will be compared with systems and institutions of the global community. * WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: TO 1500 A.D. – 1 UNIT (2215) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students explore the historical development of people, places, and patterns of life from ancient times. The contributions of varied civilizations in the areas of art, literature, science, government, and culture are studied. The geography of these regions, as well as the impact of geographical features are also studied. * HONORS WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: TO 1500 A.D. – 1 UNIT (2215H) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students explore the historical development of people, places and patterns of life from ancient times to 1500. The contributions of varied civilizations in the areas of art, literature, science, government, and culture are studied. The geography of these regions, as well as the impact of geographical features are also studied. Additional emphasis is given to research, writing, analysis, and critical thinking skills. WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: 1500 A.D. TO THE PRESENT – 1 UNIT (2216) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. This course expands the students’ thinking and understanding of history from the middle ages to the present. Geographical influences on regions and history continue to be explored, with increasing attention to the 62 development of political boundaries, scientific revolutions, and changing economic, social, and political conditions. Contemporary issues are also studied. * HONORS WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: 1500 A.D. TO THE PRESENT – 1 UNIT (2216H) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. This course expands the students’ thinking and understanding of history from the 1500s to the present. Geographical influences on regions and history continue to be explored, with increasing attention to the development of political boundaries, scientific revolutions, and changing economic, social, and political conditions. Contemporary issues are also studied. Additional emphasis is given to research, writing, analysis, and critical thinking skills. * VIRGINIA AND UNITED STATES HISTORY – 1 UNIT (2360) Grade 11 Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. or World History and Geography 1500 A.D. to the Present, World Cultures I or II (Wilson High School) This course covers the historical development of American ideas and institutions from the age of exploration to the present. While focusing on political and economic history, the standards provide students with a basic knowledge of American culture through a chronological survey of major issues, movements, people, and events in United States and Virginia history. This course is required of all students for graduation. * HONORS VIRGINIA AND UNITED STATES HISTORY – 1 UNIT (2360H) Grade 11 Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. or World History and Geography 1500 A.D. to the Present, World Cultures I or II (Wilson High School) The course covers the historical development of American ideas and institutions from the age of exploration to the present. This course is designed to help students to acquire a knowledge of the nation’s past, to enable them to think and write critically, and to analyze both primary and secondary sources. The program is intended to challenge those students to work independently to enrich their understanding of their role as citizens in their community and nation, and to appreciate the cultural diversity of its people. * ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY – 2 UNITS (23199) Grade 11 Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. or World History and Geography 1500 A.D. to the Present, World Cultures I or II (Wilson High School) This course covers this country’s history from early explorers to the present. Upon successful completion of this course, and a satisfactory score on the AP exam, students may receive college-level credit. Emphasis is also placed on the economic growth of the country and its rise to world power. AP U.S. History is taught for 2 terms for 2 units of credit. * VIRGINIA AND UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT – 1 UNIT (2440) Grade 12 Prerequisites: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. or World History and Geography 1500 A.D. to the Present, and United States and Virginia History, World Cultures I or II (Wilson High School) This course examines the basic structure of governments. The decision-making processes at the local, state, national and international levels are emphasized. Powers inherent to each branch of government are examined through the study of the Constitution of the United States and its Amendments, other historical documents, the State Constitution, and local governing bodies. Democratic values and citizen participation are stressed throughout the course. Student participation in the community should be encouraged. This course is required of all students for graduation. 65 WORLD LANGUAGE As the world continues to open its boundaries both academically and physically to its global neighbors, it becomes even more important for students to enrich their lives by learning at least one language in addition to their own. The knowledge acquired from a world language will reinforce and expand their learning in other subject areas, enable students to interact effectively with others and increase access to information across the world. Five (5) years of French, Spanish, and Latin are offered in Portsmouth Public Schools. One or two years of second language study provides some benefits. With four years of language, students achieving a proficiency level would enable them to understand, speak, read authentic documents, and respond appropriately in a written and oral context. Through the study of a second language, a student also gains an understanding of the language and an appreciation for the culture of the targeted language. The world language program is continuous as each level allows student to build upon previous learning. All languages listed here are offered in the high schools. The middle schools provide access to Spanish for all students as exploratory or high school credit. FRENCH 1 – 1 UNIT (5110) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students will learn to interact and survive linguistically in French in the classroom, primarily using memorized materials and functions that recur on a daily basis. They will develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to react, in a limited way, in social situations. FRENCH 2 – 1 UNIT (5120) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: French I With French II, students will continue to develop their communicative and cultural competence by interacting with others in this target language. Students will possess the listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills that are necessary to handle simple everyday survival tasks in the target culture. FRENCH 3 – 1 UNIT (5130) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: French 2 Students will carry out the functions of level two but will experience a higher degree of competency in the content area. Going beyond the linguistic focus of primarily personal welfare and survival skills of level two, students will begin to discuss other people, places, and external events. Students will begin to describe and narrate in past, present, and future time. FRENCH 4 – 1 UNIT (5140) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: French 3 At this level, students will have become active communicators. They will be able to express main ideas and details coherently orally and in writing. They will understand and interpret the meaning of main points, and most details, in familiar and unfamiliar oral or written communications such as: interviews, short lectures, news items, and radio and television reports. They will understand written texts such as: simple short stories, news items, biographical information, short social and business correspondence, and simple journal and magazine articles. Students will write narratives and descriptions in length on familiar topics. They will communicate primarily in the target language increasing oral proficiency. 66 FRENCH 5 – 1 UNIT (5150) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: French 4 At this level, students will be able to deal with minor complications in realistic situations. They will narrate and describe with appropriate reference to general time frames (past, present, future), and participate actively in a wide variety of everyday conversations. Students will examine and analyze present and past contributions to society, through the arts and literature, and through other forms of communication. They will communicate primarily in the target language increasing oral proficiency. LATIN 1 – 1 UNIT (5310) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None This course emphasizes Latin grammar, but reading lessons are selected to promote the student’s achievement of a better understanding of English words and of Roman life and mythology. LATIN 2 – 1 UNIT (5320) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: Latin 1 An emphasis is placed on the translation of stories about Roman life, mythology, and history. The study of grammar and derivatives of Latin words is continued. LATIN 3 – 1 UNIT (5330) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Latin 2 Latin 3 emphasizes the translation of Caesar’s Gallic Wars and the history of his time. Mythology is studied in its original form through the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Culture and advanced grammar are taught as an aid to translation. LATIN 4 – 1 UNIT (5340) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Latin 3 This course emphasizes the translation of Virgil’s Aeneid and the study of its purpose, its place in literature, its poetic beauty, and its verification. Review exercises in translating from English into Latin are provided. LATIN 5 – 1 UNIT (5350) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Latin 4 Latin 5 emphasizes translation of the poetry of Catullus and Horace. Poems that deal with romance, humor, and philosophy are discussed in relation to modern morals and conventions. SPANISH 1 – 1 UNIT (5510) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: None Students will learn to interact and survive linguistically in Spanish in the classroom, primarily using memorized materials and functions that recur on a daily basis. They will develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to react as a novice language student, in social situations. 67 SPANISH 2 – 1 UNIT (5520) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: Spanish 1 By the end of this level, students will possess the listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills that are necessary to handle simple everyday survival tasks in the target culture. SPANISH 3 – 1 UNIT (5530) Grades 9-12 Prerequisite: Spanish 2 At this level students will carry out the functions of level 2 but will experience a higher degree of competency in the course. With an emphasis on oral communication that goes beyond the linguistic focus of primarily personal welfare and survival of level two, students will begin to discuss other people, places, and external events. Students will begin to narrate in past, present, and future time. SPANISH 4 – 1 UNIT (5540) Grades 10-12 Prerequisite: Spanish 3 At this level, students will have become interesting communicators. They will be able to express main ideas and details coherently, both orally and in writing. They will understand and interpret the meaning of main points, and most details, in familiar and unfamiliar oral or written communications such as: interviews, short lectures, news items, and radio and television reports. They will understand written texts such as: simple short stories, news items, biographical information, short social and business correspondence, and simple journal and magazine articles. Students will write narratives and descriptions in length on familiar topics. They will communicate primarily in the target language increasing oral proficiency. SPANISH 5 – 1 UNIT (5550) Grades 11-12 Prerequisite: Spanish 4 At this level students will be able to deal with minor complications in realistic situations. They will narrate and describe with appropriate reference to general time frames (past, present, future), and participate actively in a wide variety of everyday conversations. Students will be able to draw upon their knowledge to examine and analyze present and past contributions to society, through the arts and literature, and through other forms of communication. Students will communicate primarily in the target language increasing oral proficiency. 70 FIRST COLLEGE ACADEMY COURSES **These courses are subject to change** ART 101-102 | 3 credits each History and Appreciation of Art I-II Presents the history and interpretation of architecture, sculpture, and painting. Begins with prehistoric art and follows the development of western civilization to the present. Lecture 3 hours per week. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 101 and 102. ART 201 (HISTORY OF ART 1) – 1 UNIT This course studies the historical context of art of the ancient, medieval, Renaissance and modern worlds. Course includes research paper. ART 202 (HISTORY OF ART II) – 1 UNIT This course studies the historical context of art of the ancient, medieval, Renaissance and modern worlds. Course includes research paper. *Art 201 and 202 can be taken in any order. Field Trips and Projects may be required for these courses. High school credit can only be earned with completion of 201 and 202. BIO 101-102 | 4 credits each General Biology I focuses on foundations in cellular structure, metabolism, and genetics in an evolutionary context. Explores the core concepts of evolution; structure and function; information flow, storage and exchange; pathways and transformations of energy and matter; and systems biology. Emphasizes process of science, interdisciplinary approach, and relevance of biology to society. Part I of a two-course sequence. Prerequisites: Placement into ENG 111 and MTE 3 or Qualifying Placement Test score. Lecture 3 hours. Recitation and laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 101 and 102. CHM 111-112 | 4 credits each College Chemistry I-II Explores the fundamental laws, theories, and mathematical concepts of chemistry. Designed primarily for science and engineering majors. Requires a strong background in mathematics. Prerequisite for CHM 112: CHM 111. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 111 and 112. CST 100 | 3 credits Principles of Public Speaking Applies theory and principles of public address with emphasis on preparation and delivery. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Earns high school credit. ECO 120 | 3 credits Survey of Economics presents a broad overview of economic theory, history, development, and application. Introduces terms, definitions, policies, and philosophies of market economies. Provides some comparison with other economic systems. Includes some degree of exposure to microeconomic and macroeconomic concepts. Lecture 3 hours per week *Can substitute for Economics and Personal Finance high school credit. Must meet requirements to receive DE weighting. ENG 210 | 3 credits Advanced Composition Helps students refine skills in writing non-fiction prose. Guides development of individual voice and style. Introduces procedures for publication. Prerequisite: ENG 111 and 112. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Can receive high school credit only after successful completion of ENG 111 and 112. HIS 101-102 | 3 credits each History of Western Civilization I-II Examines the development of western civilization from ancient times to the present. Prerequisite: Placement into ENG 111. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Does not receive high school credit. 71 HIS 111-112 | 3 credits each History of World Civilization I-II Surveys Asian, African, Latin American, and European civilizations from the ancient period to the present. Prerequisite: Placement into ENG 111. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Does not receive high school credit. HIS 121-122 | 3 credits each United States History I-II Surveys United States history from its beginning to the present. Prerequisite: Placement into ENG 111. Lecture 3 hours per week. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 121 and 122. Can substitute for US History. HUM 201 -202 | 3 credits Survey of Western Culture I Studies thought, values, and arts of Western culture, integrating major developments in art, architecture, literature, music, and philosophy. Covers the following periods: Ancient and Classical, Early Christian and Byzantine, Medieval, and Early Renaissance. Lecture 3 hours per week. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 201 and 202. MTH 154 | 3 credits Quantitative Reasoning presents topics in proportional reasoning, modeling, financial literacy and validity studies (logic and set theory). Focuses on the process of taking a real0world situation, identifying the mathematical foundation needed to address the problem, solving the problem and applying what is learned to the original situation. Prerequisite: MDE 10; MTH 3 and MTH 5; or placement. MTH 155 | 3 credits Statistical Reasoning presents elementary statistical methods and concepts including visual data presentation, descriptive statistics, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, correlation, and linear regression. Emphasis is placed on the development of statistical thinking, simulation, and the use of statistical software. Prerequisite: MDE 10; MTH 3 and MTH 5; or placement.*High school credit can only be earned with completion of 154 and 155. MTH 161 | 3 credits Pre-calculus I presents topics in power, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic function, and systems of equations and inequalities. Prerequisite: MDE 60; MTH 3, MTH 5, MTE 6, MTE 7, MTE 8 and MTE 9. Lecture 3 hours per week. MTH 162 | 3 credits Pre-calculus II presents trigonometry, trigonometric applications including Law of Sines and Cosines and an introduction to conics. Prerequisite: MTH 161 with a grade of C or better. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 161 and 162. MTH 263 | 4 credits Calculus I presents concepts of limits, derivatives, differentiation of various types of functions and use of differentiation rules, application of differentiation, and anti-derivatives, integrals and applications of integration. Prerequisite: MTH 162 MTH 264 | 4 credits Calculus II continues the study of calculus of algebraic and transcendental functions including rectangular, polar, and parametric graphing, indefinite and definite integrals, methods of integration, and power series along with applications. Features instruction for mathematical, physical, and engineering science programs. Prerequisite: MTH 263 with a grade of C or better. *High school credit can only be earned with completion of 263 and 264. MUS 121-122 | 3 credits each Music Appreciation I-II Increases the variety and depth of the student’s interest, knowledge, and involvement in music and related cultural activities. Acquaints the student with traditional and twentieth century music literature, emphasizing the relationship music has as an art form with man and society. Increases the student’s 72 awareness of the composers and performers of all eras through listening and concert experiences. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Does not receive high school credit. PSY 200 | 3 credits Principles of Psychology Surveys the basic concepts of psychology. Covers the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, research methods and measurement, theoretical perspectives, and application. Includes biological bases of behavior, learning, social interactions, memory, and personality; and other topics such as sensation, perception, consciousness, thinking, intelligence, language, motivation, emotion, health, development, psychological disorders, and therapy. Prerequisite: Placement into ENG 111. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Receives high school credit. SOC 200 | 3 credits Principles of Sociology introduces fundamentals of social life. Presents significant research and theory in areas such as culture, social structure, socialization, deviance, social stratification, and social institutions. Lecture 3 hours per week. *Receives high school credit. SPA 101-102 | 4 credits each Beginning Spanish I-II Introduces understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic Spanish sentence structure. May include an additional hour of oral drill and practice per week. Prerequisite for SPA 102: SPA 101 or 2 years of high school Spanish. Lecture 4 hours per week. *Does not receive high school credit. SDV 100 | 1 credit College Success Skills Assists students in transition to college. Provides overviews of college policies, procedures, and curricular offerings. Encourages contacts with other students and staff. Assists students toward college success through information regarding effective study habits, career and academic planning, and other college resources available to students. May include English and Math placement testing. Strongly recommended for beginning students. Required for graduation. Lecture 1 hour per week. *Does not receive high school credit. ENGLISH COMPOSITION I, II – (ENG. 111, 112) – 1 UNIT (11609) Prerequisites: Placement Test, English 11 (1150) & Teacher Recommendation Students develop writing ability for study, work, and other areas of writing based on experience, observation, research, and reading of selected literature. Students learn writing as a process: gain understanding of audience and purpose, explore ideas and information, compose, revise, and edit. Students write by integrating experience in thinking, reading, listening, and speaking. English 111 and 112 are required courses in the TCC/PPS First College Program. *Receives high school credit. VIRGINIA AND U.S. GOVERNMENT (PLS 211-212) – 1 UNIT (24409) Prerequisite: Placement Test, World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. or World History and Geography 1500 to the Present, Virginia and United States History, World Cultures I or II (Wilson High School), and English 10 (1140) The course teaches structure, operation, and processes of national, state, and local governments. It includes in- depth study of the three branches of the government and public policy. Students study how the American government system was created, how it operates, how people affect it, and how the system affects people. *Receives high school credit. CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION DUAL ENROLLMENT COURSES AUT 101 | 3 credits Introduction to Automotive Systems Introduces fundamental systems of the automobile: the engine fuel, exhaust, electric, ignition, lubrication, cooling, transmission, steering, brake and suspension systems. Teaches theory and function of each system. Demonstrates operation. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.