Middle School Grammar Cheat Sheet, Schemes and Mind Maps of Voice

Download Middle School Grammar Cheat Sheet and more Schemes and Mind Maps Voice in PDF only on Docsity! Middle School Grammar Cheat Sheet Parts of Speech Name Definition Examples Noun Name of a person, place or thing Teacher, store, cup Verb Expresses action or state of being Hop, is, drag Adjective Describes a noun Large, shiny, blue Adverb Describes a verb Slowly, very, calmly Pronoun Replaces a noun She, I , they, them Preposition Links a noun to another word On, beside, to, from Conjunction Joins clauses or words And, or, but, nor Interjection Expresses strong feeling Oh!, Ouch!, Hi! Sentence Form Simple- contains one independent clause Compound- two independent clauses joined by a linking word (and, but, or, so, yet, however) Complex- one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Affect vs. Effect- Affect is a verb. Effect is a noun. Types of sentences Declarative. - Tells about something. Ends with a period. Interrogative? - Asks a question. Ends with a question mark. Imperative. - Tells someone to do something. Ends with a period. Exclamatory! -Expresses strong emotion. Ends with an exclamation mark. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So Types of Adverbs Affirmation- gives consent or approval (Certainly) Degree- Answers how much or how little (very, daily, sometimes, always) Manner- Answers how or in what manner (neatly, well, easily, slowly) Place- Answers where (here, there, near, away, anywhere) Time- Answers when or how often (soon, early, yet, first) Clause- A group of related words that contain a subject and a predicate. Independent clause- Expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clause- Does not express a complete thought; it cannot stand alone as a sentence. Ways to say “said” -replied -answered -questioned -whispered –noted- advised- agreed -exclaimed-mumbled-asked-blurted Gerund- A verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun. Types of Mood Imperative- Used to give commands. Indicative- Used to state a fact or ask a question Subjunctive- Used to express a wish or a desire. First person pronouns- I, me, mine, we, us, ours Second person pronouns- you, yours Third person pronouns- he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, them, theirs Direct Object- The receiver of the action of a verb. Indirect Object- A noun or an object pronoun that tells to whom, to what, for whom, or for what the action in a sentence is done. An Appositive is a word or group of words that follows a noun or a pronoun in a sentence and renames it. Ex. John Doe, the president of our class, will make the first speech. Types of Pronouns Demonstrative- Points out a definite person, place, or thing (This, that, these, those) Indefinite- Refers to any or all groups of persons, places, or things. (all, both, each, few, many, neither, several, some) Interrogative- Used to ask a question. (Who, whom, whose, which, what) It’s vs. Its - It’s is used when you mean it is or it has. -Its is used to show possession. Types of Voice Active Voice- The subject is the doer of the action. Passive Voice- The subject is the receiver of the action. Types of Verbs Transitive- Expresses an action that passes from a doer to a receiver. Intransitive- Has no receiver of the action. Irregular- Cannot be formed by adding –ed to the present. (ran, run) Regular - Are formed by adding –d or –ed to the present. (walk-walked) Who vs. Whom Who= he, she and they Whom= him, her, them There- a place They’re –they are Their- has a face Then- time Than- Comparison