Understanding History: Definitions, Sources, and Influences, Quizzes of Interior Design

Download Understanding History: Definitions, Sources, and Influences and more Quizzes Interior Design in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Define history DEFINITION 1 "The present is conditioned by the past, but is almost equally true that the past is conditioned by the present". - Sutton "Any history is a construct mad up in the mind of the historian, and as such is a story of the past as seen by the person writing it". -Maginnis "Collective memory"- Dr. Brooke Hindle TERM 2 List the various types of sources that archaeologists and historians use to study the history of the near environment DEFINITION 2 Primary Source- Made at the time of the event by a person who was present.Ex: a diary, a letter, a building, an item of apparel, paintings. A letter or a report describing something that occurred to someone other than the writer or that occurred prior to the date of the writing is NOT a primary source. Secondary Source- was made after the event or by someone not present. Ex: a painting of a person made after their death, a granddaughter recalling events told her by her grandmother, or a history written using primary sources. Extant Artifacts-Objects that survive from the time period that it came from. Ex: a piece of metal jewelry, stone buildings, etc. TERM 3 Extant Artifacts: name three basic reasons why artifacts survive DEFINITION 3 The material composition of the artifacts: If the artifact was found in its place of original use, or if there is good evidence about its origins than some assumptions can be carefully made about it and similar regard to possible function or use. The physical environment of the artifact: Hot humid climates destroy materials such as paper, textiles, and wood. Dry, hot climates are frequently the best for survival of the more fragile artifacts. metal oxidation may discolor an artifact. slow burning will change the original nature of the textile. The human behavior of the artifact: Upper class level items are more saved than lower class items because replacement items are harder to come by. TERM 4 Secondary and Primary written sources DEFINITION 4 Consider the following questions when investigating: who wrote it? why was it written? when was it written? Did religious beliefs, personal beliefs, or political agenda influence the writer? Be careful about interpreting the written sources: The meaning behind the term might be completely different from the contemporary term. Examples: letters, diaries, legal writings such as edicts, acts, laws, and regulations; wills and probate documents; business records; etc. TERM 5 societal influences. DEFINITION 5 A group of people living in a shared environment and having something that makes them unified TERM 6 Extant Art/Visual Sources DEFINITION 6 Definition: surviving art or visual sources that depict the near environment.Cautions to be aware of: determine the date of manufacture; but remember that the date of the artwork or visual source mayNOTbe the date of the garment, textile, interior, or building pictured. Can be primary or secondary source; remember that not every one adopted the most stylish garment or built the same style as the rest. Find info about the artist; was proportions used? were individuals pictured realistically as to height, fit of apparel, and so forth? Consider how time has altered the piece--fragmenting, distorting, loss of color, etc. paintings are often altered from the original. Useful advantages: paintings help scholars classify the various types of carpets- helps determine age, time period the carpet was from, patterns, type of textile, etc. Disadvantages: generally little information about material of the object being portrayed. Ex: textiles may be visible but it will not be possible to determine fiber type or even weave structures. Furniture is also hard to determine because of the same reasonings. TERM 7 Near Environment DEFINITION 7 Parts of the Environment in which are closest to humans TERM 8 Define "Dress" DEFINITION 8 Often used instead of clothing as a broader term. includes the full "look". TERM 9 Influences of the Near Environment DEFINITION 9 native influences (natural environment)- the part that man hasn't intentionally changed. EX: mountains, weather, minerals, aesthetics socio-cultural influences- Society, culture TERM 10 Technology DEFINITION 10 surrounds us; we live in a world in which everything that exists can be classified as either a work of nature or a work of man. as old as humans are combination of knowledge, skills, and tools used to make good services.