Midterm 1 Study Guide for Cognitive Psychology | PSC 100, Study notes of Cognitive Psychology

Download Midterm 1 Study Guide for Cognitive Psychology | PSC 100 and more Study notes Cognitive Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Midterm 1 Study Guide Graham 1 PSC 100 Wundt started to study cognitive psychology first  He did this by introspection  Asked people to think and come up with answers about what they were thinking Mental processes exist and they are systematic and lawful Memory:  Tulving studied memory on case study K.C. and found that we remember things in two ways o Facts o Episodic memory Experimental designs: 1. Controlled lab experiment 2. Psychobiological information 3. Self-report 4. Case studies Functions of the nervous system: 1. Reception 2. Reaction 3. Integration a. Synchronizing info from both auditory and visual systems Afferent Fibers: Stimulus -> receptor -> nervous system Efferent fibers: Command to act/respond Put your hand on a wall and realize its cold (afferent) so you move your hand (efferent) Functional organization:  Afferent neurons (sensory neurons) o Sensory receptor cells -> spinal cord  Efferent neurons (motor neurons) o Brain -> spinal cord -> body  Interneurons o Intermediates between sensory and motor  Reflexes o Automatic involuntary responses o This information never goes to the brain, just the spinal column Synapse is gap where information is chemically transmitted from one neuron to the next All or none law: synapses either fire or they don’t  Neurons can fire faster sometimes if they’re excited o More neurons can be excited Stimulus intensity coded by rate of neuronal firing Structural organization: 1. Central Nervous System a. Brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System a. All other nerve cells Midterm 1 Study Guide Graham 2 PSC 100 Brain anatomy: 1. Hindbrain a. Develops first in fetus b. Closest to spinal column c. All basic functions, heartbeat breathing, automatic processes, balance, musculature, information from walking, basic motor processes i. Keeps you alive 2. Midbrain a. Second b. Basic motor skills like eye movement , sleep processes 3. Forebrain a. Thalamus- optic nerve (eyes, ears) sensory information b. Hypothalamus- biological urges (eating, drinking, sex) i. Need conscious control to get things you need Corpus callosum transmits information from one side of the brain to the other Sensation and perception:  Length of light is perceived as color  To see small things you will put them in the focus of the fovea  Image presented upside down  Rods are better for night  Cones better for day, they sense colors and small differences better Perceptual organization:  What is it? (form)  Where is it? (depth)  What is doing? Motion  Is it moving towards me or away? Perceptual clues: 1. Binocular clues a. Eyes are separate and gives us binocular disparity i. Leads to depth perception 2. Monocular Clues 3. Relative Size a. Given all things equal, the big thing is closer 4. When something is blocked by another thing, we see the blocked thing to be farther Perception of movement: 1. Displacement/time a. Moves in frames/second 2. Induced movement a. If the world around you is moving, it may feel like you're moving Bottom-up processing: