Midterm | FILM 4200 - TELEVISION ANALYSIS, Quizzes of The Avant Garde in Literature and Cinema

Download Midterm | FILM 4200 - TELEVISION ANALYSIS and more Quizzes The Avant Garde in Literature and Cinema in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Circuit of Culture (6 interweaving facets) DEFINITION 1 1) Television is a Commercial Industry. 2) It's a Democratic Institution 3) It's a Textual Form. 4) It's a Site of Cultural Representation. 5) It's Part of Everyday Life. 6) It's a Technological Medium. These 6 things work together and influence one another TERM 2 Broadcast vs. Cable vs. Pay Cable (differences) DEFINITION 2 Broadcast: free channels - get money from advertising (ratings impt.) Cable: subscription fees to MSOs (multiple systems operators i.e. comcast) allow access - money from ads and from MSOs (ex. when you pay comcast monthly - ESPN, a cable channel, get's $.87/per customer) Pay Cable: HBO, Pay-per-view, etc. - Subscribers pay a monthly amount that is split between the provider and the channel itself - advertisement-free TERM 3 Deficit Financing DEFINITION 3 A production company invests resources to develop and produce programming accruing significant debt over the first few years of a series even if they show is successful. TERM 4 License Fees DEFINITION 4 Payed by the networks or cable channels to air the content/show - but does little to cover production costs, hence deficit financing. Can go up at production company's will - based on demand and/or more episodes ordered. TERM 5 Syndication DEFINITION 5 Another method of distribution: "First Run" - original programming - such as ABC showing Oprah in Atlanta and maybe NBC airing Oprah in LA or wherever. "Off-Network" - program airs on another network after season over (or not) - Friends airing on TBS, Sex and the City on E, etc. TERM 6 Roles of Production DEFINITION 6 -Manages creative process. -Invests funding/resources (deficit financing). -"Show Runner" - (synonymous with movie director and often the creator of the show) - oversee the production. i.e. J.J. Abrams, Aaron Sorkin, David E. Kelly, Shonda Rhimes, etc. -Many shows have two producers: Six Feet Under for example has HBO and another company. -Many networks produce their own shows - cost effective - ex: Grey's Anatomy produced by ABC TERM 7 Types and Roles of Distribution DEFINITION 7 3 Types: Networks, Cable/Satellite, Syndication. -Decide which shows get aired. -Manage promotion and scheduling. -Networks consist of a "system of affiliates" that pay a "clearance fee" to air programming. -"Standards and Practices" - censorship division of networks - approve script and show before it airs - decide which cuss words are appropriate - and decide how much violence and sexual content can air (more strict at certain times - i.e. 8pm to 9pm = family hour) TERM 8 Roles of Transmission Companies DEFINITION 8 Take programming received from the distributors and producers and makes it available to the viewers. Networks, Cable and Satellite Providers, and Pay Cable Services all act as transmitters. Free consumption on networks, and pay subscription for Cable, Satellite, and pay cable. TERM 9 Spin-Off DEFINITION 9 Take a character from one show and make another - many don't make it. Ex. Private Practice off of Grey's Anatomy TERM 10 Franchise DEFINITION 10 A group of shows that are all under one entity: for example, Law & Order, Law & Order: SVU, Law & Order: LA, Law & Order: Criminal Intent TERM 21 Bridging DEFINITION 21 Taking audience right after another show ends - now used to throw off DVRs to force live viewing. Ex: is airing a show at 8:05 - like Glee airing after the top of the hour after American Idol TERM 22 Seamlessness DEFINITION 22 Starting a program during the previous programs credits to retain viewers TERM 23 Tentpoling DEFINITION 23 The idea that viewers will come early and stay late for a hit show....so if the Office is the hit - air a struggling show like Outsourced right before it and another struggling show like Parks & Recreation right after it TERM 24 Hammocking DEFINITION 24 Hammocking is a technique used by broadcasters whereby an unpopular programme is scheduled between two popular ones in the hope that viewers will watch it. Office airs followed by Outsourced followed by 30 Rock. TERM 25 Intertextuality DEFINITION 25 mentioning one show on another TERM 26 Cross-Programming DEFINITION 26 Interconnecting storylines - i.e. Addison on Grey's Anatomy and Private Practice TERM 27 Lead-Off DEFINITION 27 Struggling/New show leads off into a hit show. ex: Outsourced leads off into the Office. TERM 28 Lead-In DEFINITION 28 Hit show airs before struggling/new show. ex: The office leads into Outsourced TERM 29 Stunting DEFINITION 29 Ex. Glee Famous guest starts, long episodes, drives in viewers, or say the musical episode of Scrubs TERM 30 Ratings DEFINITION 30 Measure the percentage of television households that are tuned into a program at a given moment - a 15 rating estimates that 15 percent of all television households are watching that program. If there is a rating with a decimal - that is representative of a household with multiple viewers. (as of 2008 - Nielson says there are 112 million households - so each rating point = 1.1 million households) TERM 31 Shares DEFINITION 31 The percentage of households actually watching television that are viewing a specific program. Shares are good for measuring time slots with smaller audiences like late night - so a late night show might have a low rating and high share. Best to measure head to head battles and networks in same time slots. TERM 32 Nielson Techniques DEFINITION 32 People meters: small boxes installed on the tvs of roughly ten thousand randomly selected American households and the data is uploaded automatically to Nielson each night - viewers press a personalized button to signal which household member is watching. Passive Set Meters: ad additional 20 thousand households have these - they measure only tv activity - not which viewers. To supplement, 100,000 month long diaries of viewing behavior are taken during sweep periods in February, May, July, and November TERM 33 Critiques of Nielsons DEFINITION 33 -Their techniques at best represent .2% of the population. - They have been criticized for not representing minorities. - Their techniques only represent households (and now dorms and hotels) - leaving bars, hospitals, etc. to the wayside. TERM 34 Corporate Bias DEFINITION 34 when stories are selected or slanted to please corporate owners of media. TERM 35 Official Bias DEFINITION 35 Heavy reliance on official statements TERM 46 Establishing Shot DEFINITION 46 An establishing shot in film and television sets up, or establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. ex: on Friends - a shot of the outside of "Central Perk" before a shot of them inside TERM 47 Master Shot DEFINITION 47 A master shot is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view. TERM 48 Medium Shot DEFINITION 48 In film, a medium shot is a camera shot from a medium distance. Mimics distance as if you were in a conversation with someone - so waist up. TERM 49 Editing DEFINITION 49 Element of Stylistic Analysis: the use of cuts, shot techniques TERM 50 Cut DEFINITION 50 Editing technique - switch from one shot to another TERM 51 Shot/Reverse Shot DEFINITION 51 Editing technique: back and forthe from close-up to long shot - so from person to scene TERM 52 Graphics DEFINITION 52 Element of Stylistic Analysis: animation, CGI: computer generated imaging, keying, and chroma key chroma key: blue/green screen TERM 53 Sound DEFINITION 53 Element of Stylistic Analysis: -vocal sound: dialogue, monologue/narration. -music -environmental sound: helicopters, props making noise, etc. TERM 54 Diegetic sound DEFINITION 54 comes from withing the world on screen TERM 55 Non-Diegetic sound DEFINITION 55 narration or music characters don't hear TERM 56 Extra-Diegetic Sound DEFINITION 56 Exists in storyworld but not emerging on screen. ex: a flashback TERM 57 Keying DEFINITION 57 Graphic element: text over image - ex: law & order putting the address over new scene, TERM 58 Chroma Key DEFINITION 58 Graphic technique: Chroma key compositing (or chroma keying) is a technique for compositing two images or frames together in which a color (or a small color range) from one image is removed (or made transparent), revealing another image behind it. blue/green screen technique TERM 59 Classic Network Era DEFINITION 59 Mid 50s - 1985: -focus on mainstream mass audience -"Big 3" - ABC, NBC, CBS. -Tv criticized as a "vast wasteland" TERM 60 Multi-Channel Transition Era DEFINITION 60 Cable more widespread - 1985 - 2004. -narrowcasting to niche audiences. -big three more like big five TERM 71 Subjective Narration DEFINITION 71 Presenting info from one characters perspective with use of point-of view shots and hearing sounds only the character can hear TERM 72 Mental Subjectivity DEFINITION 72 Internal thought, voice-overs, daydream sequences, flashbacks, fantasies, etc. TERM 73 Direct Address DEFINITION 73 Character says something directly to the camera TERM 74 Narrative Order DEFINITION 74 flashbacks or re-telling events TERM 75 Narrative Frequency/Story Redundancy DEFINITION 75 "Previously on....." TERM 76 Narrative Duration DEFINITION 76 How long does an even last within a program - edits and montage are ways this is manipulated. TERM 77 Episodic Series DEFINITION 77 Consistent storyworld but each episode is independent - used in procedurals often and on citcoms TERM 78 Serial Narrative DEFINITION 78 Soap Operas, or shows like 24 or Lost - narrative exists throughout many episodes - must view them all to know what is going on TERM 79 Narrative Arc DEFINITION 79 multi-episode plotline that runs across a series but is eventually solved - ex: 24 or say Phoebe's pregnancy on Friends TERM 80 Extrinsic Norms DEFINITION 80 Genre, format/scheduling - norms within all series - ex: every citcom has a hangout spot TERM 81 Intrinsic Norms DEFINITION 81 Patterns established by a show. Ex: the hangout spot on friends is Central Perk. other ex: Every episode of Sex and the City has Carrie on her comp summarizing what's going on with the girls