Personality Disorders, Psychosis, and Depression: Definitions and Characteristics, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Criteria for a Normal Personality DEFINITION 1 -Adequate feelings of security -Reasonable degree of self- evaluation (insight) -Realistic life goals -Effective contact with reality -Integration and consistency of personality -Ability to learn from experience -Adequate spontaneity -Appropriate emotionality - Ability to satisfy requirements of a group, coupled with some degree of emancipation from group (individuality) TERM 2 Personality Disorder DEFINITION 2 Long-term maladaptive patterns of behavior, usually evident since teenage years, and very resistant to change TERM 3 Psychosis DEFINITION 3 When a person's thoughts or emotions are disturbed enough so that his/her ability to accurately perceive and/or respond to reality (reality testing) is impaired -Behavioral indications of psychosis include hallucinations and delusions TERM 4 Depression: Behaviors DEFINITION 4 -Sleep and/or appetite disturbances -Low energy levels - Decreased effectiveness at school, work, or home - Decreased attention span, concentration, or ability to think clearly -Loss of interest or enjoyment of sex -Irritability or excessive anger -Brooding about past events -Tearfulness or crying -Psychomotor agitation or retardation TERM 5 Depression: Mood DEFINITION 5 -Feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness, and low self-esteem - Hopelessness and helplessness -Recurrent thoughts of death and suicide *Depression is anger turned inward TERM 6 Other Features of Depression DEFINITION 6 -Know the reason for his/her depression -Not all depressed persons are suicidal, and vice versa -Mood-congruent hallucinations and delusions -Demand: "Go away" TERM 7 Grieving Process DEFINITION 7 1. Denial 2. Guilt 3. Depression 4. Anger 5. Acceptance TERM 8 Progression of Anger DEFINITION 8 -Other persons -Objects -Neutral objects -Verbal *Anger is a dead-end emotion Anger is a mask of other emotions you don't want to show TERM 9 Antisocial Personality Disorder: Characteristic Behavior DEFINITION 9 *Fails to learn by community standards of behavior -Inability to sustain consistent work or social behavior -Lack of ability to function as a responsible parent -Failure to accept social norms -> lawful behavior -Inability to maintain enduring relationships - Irritability and aggressiveness -Failure to honor financial obligations -Failure to plan ahead (impulsive) -Repeated lying and conning of others for personal profit -Recklessness TERM 10 Other features of Antisocial Persons DEFINITION 10 -Onset of delinquent or antisocial behavior before age 15 -May be signs of personal distress, including complaints of tension, inability to tolerate boredom, depression, and the belief (often correct) that others are hostile toward him/her -May be illiterate -Predisposing factors: lack of parental discipline, extreme poverty, removal from home, and growing up without both parents -May abuse drugs and/or alcohol -Characteristic behavior may start in early childhood for males and in puberty for females TERM 21 Incest DEFINITION 21 Sexual relations between near relatives who are too closely related to marry TERM 22 Incestual Indicators DEFINITION 22 -Role reversal between parent and child or appearance of having a large degree of responsibility in the family -Repeated running away from home -Expression of a desire for a different mother or father, unwillingness to go home after school or expression of not wanting to be left alone with a parent -History of sexual abuse in family -Physically or socially isolated family -Extreme paternal dominance and passive spouse -Evidence of a change in child's sleep patterns (nightmares, insomnia) -Extreme restriction of child from social activities -Over-reactive parents to the child receiving any education material TERM 23 Sexual Offender DEFINITION 23 An individual who engages in: -Normal sexual acts with an unwilling partner -Normal sexual acts with an unknowing or underage partner -Sexual acts not acceptable to society TERM 24 Factors Which Contribute to the Development of a Sexual Offender DEFINITION 24 -Sexual abuse in childhood -Physical or emotional abuse in childhood -Exposure to family violence -Cultural or familial sex role stereotyping -Dysfunctional peer or family relationships TERM 25 Sadism DEFINITION 25 The experience of obtaining or receiving sexual pleasure from dominating, mistreating, or hurting one's partner physically or otherwise TERM 26 Masochism DEFINITION 26 Obtaining sexual pleasure from being dominated, mistreated, or hurt physically; a pleasure from being hurt, dominated, or mistreated TERM 27 Sado-Masochism DEFINITION 27 A combination or both sadism and its opposite: masochism TERM 28 Symbolism DEFINITION 28 An expression of feeling by use of a specific object TERM 29 Ritualism DEFINITION 29 A devotion to a ritual or procedure to be followed-a modus operandi TERM 30 Ritualistic Patterns of Behavior: Profile DEFINITION 30 -Age: 20-35 -Race: white -Marital status: 64% married-wife pregnant (marital problems) -Intelligence: above average IQ -Social class: hard-working, skilled trade, many occupations - Personality: bashful, secretive -Time: same time of day TERM 31 Fantasy DEFINITION 31 An unreal mental image, such as a daydream-usually pleasant with a vague continuity -Emotion and reason get off balance = bad news (when fantasy overtakes reality) TERM 32 Pygmalionism DEFINITION 32 A sexual desire or attraction for a statue, statues, or a mannequin with a variety of situations involving symbolism and fetishism Paraphilia TERM 33 Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis DEFINITION 33 Uncontrollable desire to think, feel, or act in a certain manner -Obsessions: irrational, unwanted thoughts which persist and force themselves into the individual's consciousness -Compulsions: behavior patterns (acts) which stem from these obsessions TERM 34 Exhibitionist DEFINITION 34 A person who exhibits publicly either the private parts of his body or the entire nude body Sexually addictive behavior TERM 35 Exhibitionist: Profile DEFINITION 35 -Men most likely involved, white -Performs generally during the day -Around age 26 -Are or have been married - Intelligent, well-educated -Often will have, or will have had a stammer when speaks -Conducts his activities in the same type of area, or neighborhood, during the same time of day, and in the same manner each time -Victim must be a stranger