Term 1: Key Concepts in Environmental Studies and Economics, Quizzes of Geography

Download Term 1: Key Concepts in Environmental Studies and Economics and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Scale DEFINITION 1 resolution where we observe some aspect of realityto get a more complete view, get more scalespower of tens film TERM 2 Marx DEFINITION 2 Argued that the problem was not too many poor people, the problem was poor working conditions and lack of correct distribution of the available resources. He thought that there are plenty of resources. TERM 3 Malthus DEFINITION 3 Argument: we will run out of resources because of population growth. Population increased exponentially Resources that society had should be given to the wealthy, so people of higher class and education are produced. If resources are given to poor people they will have no self control and encourage them to have more children. TERM 4 Boserup DEFINITION 4 Studied in the fertile crest Known for being one of the first scholars to pay attention to the role of women in agriculture TERM 5 Open-access DEFINITION 5 resources like air which are difficult to regulate TERM 6 Carrying Capacity DEFINITION 6 the supportable population of an organism given the good, habitat, water, and other necessities available within an environment TERM 7 Ecological Footprint DEFINITION 7 represent the amount of biologically productive land and sea area needed to regenerate the resources an individual consumes and to absorb and render harmless the corresponding wasteThe ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems. TERM 8 Anthropogenic DEFINITION 8 Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources. TERM 9 GDP DEFINITION 9 Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. TERM 10 Demographic Transition Model DEFINITION 10 The demographic transition model is the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. TERM 21 Cohort DEFINITION 21 group of individuals who share a common experienceEx: baby boomers TERM 22 "Tragedy of the Commons" DEFINITION 22 corn, beans, and squashexample of polycultre TERM 23 Oikos DEFINITION 23 greek for hearth/householdeco in ecology is brought from it TERM 24 Environmental Kuznets Curve DEFINITION 24 A Kuznets curve is the graphical representation of Simon Kuznets's hypothesis that economic inequality increases over time while a country is developing, and then after a certain average income is attained, inequality begins to decrease. TERM 25 GPI DEFINITION 25 genuine progress indicatortakes into account crime rates, unpaid labor, and subtracts things that don't necessarily add to society's wellbeing and amount of people in prison TERM 26 Maguiladora DEFINITION 26 foreign owned assembly plants in Mexico TERM 27 Swidden DEFINITION 27 Slash-and-burn is an agricultural technique which involves cutting and burning of forests or woodlands to create fields. TERM 28 Eutrophication DEFINITION 28 too many nutrients are in the soil and cannot be absorbedthe extra nutrients get swept away by rain into stream, ponds, etcalgae grows over the water and takes up the oxygen in the water creating a poor living environment for the organisms in the water TERM 29 Genetic Diversity DEFINITION 29 Genetic diversity, the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. TERM 30 Carbon Cycle DEFINITION 30 the circulation of carbon atoms in the biosphere as a result of photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide TERM 31 Vertical Integration DEFINITION 31 a company controls all aspects of the production of a good or service TERM 32 Horizontal Integration DEFINITION 32 In microeconomics and strategic management, the term horizontal integration describes a type of ownership and control. TERM 33 Externality DEFINITION 33 In economics, an externality is a cost or benefit, not transmitted through prices, incurred by a party who did not agree to the action causing the cost or benefit. TERM 34 GNH DEFINITION 34 Gross national happinessincludes infant mortality rate, education rates TERM 35 Succession DEFINITION 35 the sum of the changes in the composition of a community that occur during its development towards a stable climax community