Glossary of Political Science Terms, Quizzes of Comparative Law and Politics

Download Glossary of Political Science Terms and more Quizzes Comparative Law and Politics in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Purchasing power parity DEFINITION 1 A statistical tool that attempts to estimate the buying power of income across different countries by using prices in the United States as a benchmark. TERM 2 Communism DEFINITION 2 A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state. A political ideology that advocates such a system. TERM 3 populism DEFINITION 3 A political view that does not have a consistent ideological foundation, but that emphasizes hostility toward elites and established state and economic institutions and and favors greater power in the hands of the public. TERM 4 Privitization DEFINITION 4 The transfer of state-owned property to private ownership TERM 5 Market DEFINITION 5 The interaction between the forces of supply and demand that allocates rescources TERM 6 Social Democracy DEFINITION 6 A political ideology that advocates a system in which freedom andqualityare balances through the state's management of the economy and the provision of socialexpenditures. TERM 7 Political Culture DEFINITION 7 The basic norms for political activity in a society TERM 8 Gini Index DEFINITION 8 A statistical formula that measures the amount of inequality in a its scales ranges from 0 to 100, where a 0 corresponds to perfect equality and 100 perfect inequality TERM 9 Deductive Reasoning DEFINITION 9 Research that works from a hypothesis that is then tested against data. TERM 10 Inductive Reasoning DEFINITION 10 Research that works from case studies in order to generate hypothesis TERM 21 Neocorporatism DEFINITION 21 A system of social democratic policy making in which a limited number of organizations representing business and labor work with the state to set economic policy TERM 22 National Conflict DEFINITION 22 A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result TERM 23 Ethnic Conflict DEFINITION 23 A conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other's expense TERM 24 Property DEFINITION 24 Goods or services that are owned by an individual or group, privately or publicly TERM 25 Ideology DEFINITION 25 the basic values held by anindividualabout the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality TERM 26 Leigitmacy DEFINITION 26 a value whereby an institution is accepted by the public as right and proper, thus giving it authority and power TERM 27 Behavioral Revolution DEFINITION 27 A movement within political science during the 1950s and 1960s to develop general theories about individual political behavior that could be applied across all countries TERM 28 Comparative Politics DEFINITION 28 The study and comparison of domestic politics across countries TERM 29 Tariff DEFINITION 29 A tax on imported goods TERM 30 Qualitative Method DEFINITION 30 Study through an in-depth investigation of a limited number of cases TERM 31 National Identity DEFINITION 31 A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspriations TERM 32 Country DEFINITION 32 term used to refer to state, government, regime, and the people who live within that political system TERM 33 Sovereignty DEFINITION 33 A state's legal authority to carry out actions or policies within a territory independently from external actors or internal rivals