Medical Terminology: Prefixes, Suffixes, and Cell Types, Exams of History and Philosophy

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MMSC200 Exam 1 Latest Exam (200 Questions and Answers) Solutions.  Arthritis (rather/its) - Correct answer inflammation of a joint  Intravenous (intra/van/oust) - Correct answer pertaining to within a vein  Osteoarthritis (onset/o/rather/its) - Correct answer inflammation of the bone and joint  Sub hepatic (sub/heat/ice) - Correct answer pertaining to under the liver  Osteopathy (onset/o/pithy) - Correct answer disease of the bone  Arthropathy (rather/o/pithy) - Correct answer disease of the joint  Ilium - Correct answer part of the hip bone  Ileum - Correct answer refers to a part of the small intestine  Cephalic - Correct answer headache  -Alga - Correct answer pain  -Dyne - Correct answer pain  -Entomb - Correct answer excision, removal  -Tom - Correct answer incision, cutting into  -Stormy - Correct answer creating a new opening  -Gram - Correct answer record  -Graph - Correct answer instrument for recording  -Graph - Correct answer process of recording  -Its - Correct answer inflammation  -Logy - Correct answer study of  -Lies - Correct answer breakdown, destruction, separation  -Malaria - Correct answer softening  -Mealy - Correct answer enlargement  -Moa - Correct answer tumor, mass, collection of fluid P a g e 1 | 11  -Posy - Correct answer to view  -Oasis - Correct answer condition, usually abnormal  -Pithy - Correct answer disease condition  -Pain - Correct answer deficiency  -Phobia - Correct answer irrational fear  -Plasma - Correct answer development, formation, growth  -Pasty - Correct answer surgical repair  -Rhea - Correct answer flow, discharge  -Ptosis - Correct answer droops, sagging, prolapse  -Sclerosis - Correct answer hardening  -Scope - Correct answer instrument for visual examination  -Scope - Correct answer process of visual examination  -Stasis - Correct answer stopping, controlling, location  -Therapy - Correct answer treatment  -Trophy - Correct answer development, nourishment  -Err - Correct answer one who  -IA - Correct answer condition  -Ole - Correct answer little, small  -Use - Correct answer little small  -Um, -sum - Correct answer structure, tissue  -Us - Correct answer structure, substance  -y - Correct answer condition, process  -Ac, -iMac - Correct answer pertaining to  -Al - Correct answer pertaining to  -Art, -ray - Correct answer pertaining to P a g e 2 | 11  Ptosis - Correct answer to fall  Laparoscopy - Correct answer visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope  Labara - Correct answer flank  Tenaculum - Correct answer holder  Speculum - Correct answer mirror  Cannula - Correct answer small reed  Arteriole - Correct answer small artery (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)  Venue - Correct answer small vein that carries oxygen poor blood  Adrenal glands - Correct answer endocrine glands located above each kidney; secondary source of female/male sex hormones  Aldosterone - Correct answer control of sodium  Cortisol - Correct answer control of glucose in long-term fasting  Antibiotic (1941) - Correct answer compound originally derived from a microorganism that destroys or inhibits the growth of another microorganism such as bacteria; penicillin (1928) (mold); discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming; Florey and chain  Antibodies - Correct answer protein substances made by white blood cells, usually in response to the presence of foreign immunogens  Immunogenic - Correct answer a substance, usually foreign to the body that stimulates the production of antibodies  Antigen - Correct answer a molecule that reacts with antibodies or T cell receptors  Autoimmune disease - Correct answer when the body makes antibodies against its own healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation and injury; loss of tolerance, affects 5-10% of the population; rheumatoid arthritis & systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)  systemic lupus erythematous - Correct answer 9 times as many women as men; primarily 15-45 year olds; affects the kidneys, lungs, central nervous system, blood vessels, blood, heart P a g e 5 | 11  Type 1 diabetes - Correct answer insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM); due to destruction of the pancreas  epidemiology of type 1 diabetes - Correct answer affects 0.4% of the world's population; high incidence in developed countries; north-south gradient; patients with IDDM have following certain infections: rubella virus, coxsackie viruses, and enter viruses  Pathogenesis - Correct answer selective destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas; chronic hyperglycemia; signs/symptoms: chronic hyperglycemia, overly tired, joints ache, poor circulation, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, impaired visual acuity, peripheral neuropathy, skin ulcers  graves’ disease - Correct answer antibodies produced which stimulate the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors; most common form of hyperthyroidism; more common in women than men, middle age; genetic; ophthalmology (exophthalmos), goiter  Rh condition - Correct answer antigen-antibody condition that develops when there is a difference Rh blood factor (antigen) between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive); red blood cell incompatibility; hemolytic disease of the newborn  Congenital anomaly - Correct answer an irregularity in a structure or organ that an infant is born with: clinodactyly, albinism, protest syndrome, spine bifida (space between vertebrae that allows the spine to move between that spaces and herniate the back skin), cleft palate  Contralateral - Correct answer the opposite side of the body; patients with a stroke involving the left side of the brain will have contralateral symptoms: right foot ptosis, tremors of the right hand, right cheek paralysis  Ipsilateral - Correct answer same side of the body  Par lateral - Correct answer alongside  Dialysis - Correct answer removing harmful waste products from the body with an artificial kidney machine (dialysis machine)  Peritoneal dialysis - Correct answer occurs at home; dialysis fluid in bag --> goes through bloodstream, into the peritoneal cavity, then drained  Ectopic pregnancy - Correct answer an abnormal pregnancy when the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes, but sometimes on an ovary or in the abdominal cavity P a g e 6 | 11  parathyroid glands - Correct answer four endocrine glands located on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland that function separately from the thyroid gland  Prolapse - Correct answer to fall or slide forward, often used to describe an organ, such as a prolapsed uterus  Recombinant DNA - Correct answer taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism; used to produce human insulin  Syndrome - Correct answer a group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together and indicate a particular disease of abnormal condition  Reye syndrome - Correct answer a condition in which sudden or acute damage is inflicted to the liver/brain  Fetal alcohol syndrome - Correct answer occurs to the infant after the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - Correct answer coronavirus --> any of a group of RNA viruses that cause a variety of diseases  Symbiosis - Correct answer two organisms from different species living together in close association, either for mutual benefit or not  Mutualism - Correct answer both organisms benefit  Parasitism - Correct answer one harmful organism lives on the host and inflicts damage to it  Commensalism - Correct answer normal biota (flora); one species benefits, while the other is not affected  Syphilis - Correct answer a joint in which the bony surfaces are united by a layer of fibrocartilage  Transurethral - Correct answer when an instrument passes through the urethra  Cell - Correct answer the fundamental unit of all living things  Archaic - Correct answer prokaryotes with no cell nucleus  Types of tissue - Correct answer epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue P a g e 7 | 11  Endodontic - Correct answer some who specializes on the inside of teeth  Salivary glands - Correct answer parotid (near the ear), sublingual (under the bottom teeth, submandibular (bottom of the jaw)  Forensic odontology - Correct answer study of the arrangement and structure of teeth to identify remains  Achlorhydria - Correct answer condition of lacking hydrochloric acid  Odontology - Correct answer study of the teeth  absorption - Correct answer occurs in the ileum (mostly); all water soluble molecules absorbed from the intestines enter the portal circulation and go directly to the liver for processing; water soluble digested nutrients pass into the bloodstream through the walls of small intestine; lipid soluble nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal lymphatic system into the thoracic duct, which empties into the bloodstream at the right subclavian vein; small intestine → normal bacterial biota (flora); villi in the lining of the small intestine; water soluble digested nutrients pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine; first pass metabolism: liver; nutrients travel to all cells of the body; cells "burn" nutrients to release energy stored in food  Elimination - Correct answer body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream; large intestine concentrates feces; wastes pass out of the body through the anus  Ascites - Correct answer accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling  Dysphagia - Correct answer difficulty or discomfort in swallowing  jaundice (icterus) - Correct answer a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, liver disease, or excessive breakdown of red blood cells  Dental caries - Correct answer cariogenic bacteria, dietary sugars, biofilm, and dental plaque  Peptic ulcer - Correct answer open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum; peptic or gastric ulcer; helicobacter pylori; contributing factor: hyperacidity  Celiac disease (celiac spree) - Correct answer autoimmune disease triggered by food allergens; can be difficult to diagnose P a g e 10 | 11  Diverticulitis - Correct answer abnormal outpunching’s in the intestinal wall  Dysentery - Correct answer due to infectious agent: salmonella, shield, endameba histolytic  Cercal volvulus - Correct answer twisting  Intussusception - Correct answer telescoping  Cirrhosis - Correct answer degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring and fibrosis  Hepatitis A - Correct answer fecal-oral route  Hepatitis B - Correct answer blood-borne, STI  Hepatitis C - Correct answer blood-borne  -Emesis - Correct answer vomiting, vomitus  -Pepsin - Correct answer digestion  Liver enzymes - Correct answer alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartame transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase P a g e 11 | 11