Download Medical Terminology: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases and more Exams History and Philosophy in PDF only on Docsity! MMSC200 Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers-2024 Update. ๏ Spa gr is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer specific gravity ๏ What is specific gravity? - Correct answer a comparison of the density of urine with that water ๏ What does the specific gravity of urine reflect? - Correct answer the amount of waste, minerals, and solids in urine ๏ The abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram is: - Correct answer VCUG ๏ What is voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)? - Correct answer a diagnostic procedure that can reveal abnormalities of the bladder ๏ What occurs during a VCUG? - Correct answer the bladder is filled with contrast material and x-rays are taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine ๏ A combining form for stone is: - Correct answer lath/o ๏ What is kept/o? - Correct answer ketone bodies ๏ What is azote/o? - Correct answer nitrogen ๏ What is a lithotripsy? - Correct answer a procedure that crushes urinary tract stones ๏ What is a pyelolithotomy? - Correct answer a surgical procedure to remove a large stone from the renal pelvis ๏ What is nephrolithiasis? - Correct answer the presence of kidney stones ๏ The combining form for meatus is: - Correct answer meat/o ๏ What is the meatus? - Correct answer the external opening of the urethra through which urine leaves the body ๏ The combining form for renal pelvis is: - Correct answer peel/o ๏ What is retrograde pyelogram? - Correct answer an x-ray imaging study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using contrast material ๏ What is pyelonephritis? - Correct answer a bacterial urinary tract infection Page 1 of 20 ๏ What is pyelolithotomy? - Correct answer a surgical incision into the renal pelvis to remove a large stone ๏ A combining form for the urinary bladder is: - Correct answer cyst/o ๏ The suffix meaning condition of urine is: - Correct answer -urea ๏ What is puree? - Correct answer pus in the urine ๏ What is polyuria? - Correct answer excessive urination ๏ What is hematuria? - Correct answer blood in the urine ๏ What is dysuria? - Correct answer painful urination ๏ The term for kidney disorder is: - Correct answer nephropathy ๏ Albumin in the urine is called: - Correct answer albuminuria ๏ What is albumin? - Correct answer a protein in the blood ๏ What does albuminuria/proteinuria indicate? - Correct answer kidney malfunction ๏ ______________ is the inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney - Correct answer glomerulonephritis ๏ The use of shock waves to crush urinary tract stones is called: - Correct answer lithotripsy ๏ What is -trips? - Correct answer to crush ๏ What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)? - Correct answer the use of shock waves directed toward the stone from outside the body; once the stone is crushed, it can pass from the body in urine ๏ A major sign of diabetes mullets, detected in urinalysis, is glucose (sugar) in the urine, or: - Correct answer glycosuria ๏ What is diabetes mellitus? - Correct answer the inadequate secretion or ineffective use of insulin ๏ What happens if someone lacks insulin? - Correct answer the sugar cannot leave the bloodstream to be used as energy in the body Page 2 of 20 ๏ The outer region of the kidney is the: - Correct answer cortex ๏ The cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis is the: - Correct answer calyx ๏ What does the calyx do? - Correct answer helps collect urine and aids its passage through the renal pelvis, which narrows in the ureter ๏ What is the renal tubule? - Correct answer a microscopic tube where urine is formed; part of the kidney's nephron that leads from the glomerulus to the collecting tubules; consists of a looping segment and two convoluted sections; canals that secrete, collect and conduct urine ๏ The tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body is: - Correct answer urethra ๏ What is the Bowman's capsule? - Correct answer a cup-shaped capsule surrounding each glomerulus; as blood passes through the glomeruli, water, salts, sugar and urea are filtered out and collected in the Bowman's capsules (these materials then travel to the renal tubules) ๏ A combining form for urine is: - Correct answer urn/o or urine/o ๏ When the kidney fails to excrete urine, ____________ has occurred - Correct answer renal failure ๏ Why does renal failure occur? - Correct answer because of impaired filtration function ๏ High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease is called: - Correct answer renal hypertension ๏ What does renal mean? - Correct answer pertaining to the kidney ๏ What is the most common type of secondary hypertension? - Correct answer renal hypertension ๏ What does secondary hypertension mean? - Correct answer the hypertension is secondary to a primary disease or condition ๏ Diabetes insipid us occurs when ____________ is inadequately produced or improperly used in the body - Correct answer antidiuretic hormone ๏ One of the substances tested for in urinalysis is the hemoglobin pigment called: - Correct answer bilirubin Page 5 of 20 ๏ What is bilirubin? - Correct answer an orange-yellow bile pigment that is the product of the breakdown of hemoglobin in erythrocytes at the end of their lifespan ๏ Excessive blood acidity due to dangerous levels of blood kenos is called: - Correct answer ketoacidosis ๏ What is the combining form for ketones? - Correct answer keno/o or ketone/o ๏ What is ketonuria? - Correct answer the presence of elevated levels of ketones in the urine ๏ Examination of the vagina and cervix with a special magnifying instrument is called a: - Correct answer colposcopy ๏ What does -scope mean? - Correct answer visual examination ๏ What does clop/o mean? - Correct answer vagina ๏ When is a colposcopy performed? - Correct answer after a Pap smear detects abnormal cervical cells (dysplasia) to identify the specific area of abnormal cells ๏ ____________ is the inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix (one form of pelvic inflammatory disease) - Correct answer end cervicitis ๏ ____________ is a term that refers to a woman who has been pregnant more than once - Correct answer multigravida ๏ What does gravid/o mean? - Correct answer pregnancy ๏ What does null- mean? - Correct answer no, not or none ๏ What is multigravida? - Correct answer a woman who has had no pregnancies ๏ What is primigravida? - Correct answer a woman pregnant for the first time ๏ What is a porous woman? - Correct answer one who has had a vaginal delivery ๏ What does nulliparous refer to? - Correct answer a woman who has not delivered any babies ๏ What does a multiparous refer to? - Correct answer a woman who has delivered more than one baby ๏ ___________ is the beginning of the first menstrual period - Correct answer menarche Page 6 of 20 ๏ What is men/o? - Correct answer menses, menstruation ๏ What does -archer mean? - Correct answer first ๏ Ms. Genesco was diagnosed with _____________, a condition in which the inner tissue lining of the uterus proliferates and is transferred to sites outside the uterine cavity. - Correct answer endometriosis ๏ What is -oasis? - Correct answer abnormal condition ๏ What does endometria/o mean? - Correct answer the lining of the uterus ๏ Ms. Gray underwent a bilateral ____________, or removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries, after her diagnosis of ovarian cancer. - Correct answer sapling-oophorectomy ๏ What is sapling/o? - Correct answer fallopian tubes ๏ What is gopher/o? - Correct answer ovaries ๏ Ms. Munoz was scheduled for a _____________ to remove uterine fibroids - Correct answer myomectomy ๏ What does mom/o mean? - Correct answer muscular tumor ๏ Ms. Rosenblum has a purulent, no bloody vaginal discharge, or ____________, as a result of an infection of her cervix. - Correct answer leucorrhea ๏ The medical term for afterbirth is: - Correct answer placenta ๏ What is the placenta? - Correct answer a highly vascular organ that serves as a bridge to the maternal circulation for the exchange of nutrients and wastes; anchors the fetus to the uterine wall during pregnancy ๏ Fertilization of the ovum most often occurs in the: - Correct answer fallopian tube ๏ Which hormone is responsible for the buildup of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle? - Correct answer progesterone ๏ What does the corpus lutein function as during the menstrual cycle? - Correct answer an endocrine organ and secretes progesterone into the bloodstream ๏ Immediately after conception, the fertilized egg is called a: - Correct answer zygote Page 7 of 20 ๏ What is the treatment for cervical dysplasia or cervical erosion that uses heat? - Correct answer cauterization ๏ What procedures destroy abnormal tissue? - Correct answer cauterization (cautery) and cryosurgery (cry cauterization) ๏ How does cauterization destroy abnormal tissue? - Correct answer it burns the tissue ๏ How does cryosurgery destroy abnormal tissue? - Correct answer it freezes the tissue ๏ What is a colposcopy? - Correct answer a visual examination of the vagina and cervix ๏ The pituitary hormone that promotes ovulation by causing the mature ovarian follicle to rupture and release its ovum is: - Correct answer luteinizing hormone (LH) ๏ The external female genitalia, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal orifice, is the: - Correct answer vulva ๏ What is the vagina? - Correct answer a muscular canal extending from the uterine cervix to the vaginal introit us (entrance) ๏ IVF stands for: - Correct answer in vitro fertilization ๏ What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)? - Correct answer egg and sperm cells are put together in a lab dish to facilitate fertilization; after the incubation period, the fertilized ova are injected into the uterus through the cervix; 30-50% of all IVF is now associated with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), which is the direct injection of sperm into harvested ova ๏ A term that means sexual intercourse is: - Correct answer coitus ๏ Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus is called: - Correct answer cesarean section ๏ After an ovarian follicle ruptures and releases the ovum, it matures a golden yellow color and is call a: - Correct answer corpus lutein ๏ The excision of one or both ovaries: - Correct answer oophorectomy ๏ The surgical excision of the uterus: - Correct answer hysterectomy ๏ A _____________ is a surgery in which the tumor and immediate surrounding tissue are removed while preserving the remaining breast tissue - Correct answer lumpectomy Page 10 of 20 ๏ The removal of the breast tissue: - Correct answer mastectomy ๏ The surgical repair of a breast: - Correct answer mastoplasty ๏ What is a sentinel node biopsy? - Correct answer a procedure to assess the lymph nodes for spread of the cancer ๏ Another word for an opening is: - Correct answer orifice (from Latin word orificium) ๏ What does or/I mean? - Correct answer mouth ๏ The process of producing nutritive milk for offspring is called: - Correct answer lactation ๏ What is gal act/o? - Correct answer milk ๏ What is -rhea? - Correct answer flow ๏ What is -as? - Correct answer enzyme ๏ A noncancerous condition common in men over 50 is: - Correct answer benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ๏ Carcinoma of the testes is a: - Correct answer malignancy ๏ Who can be affected by cryptorchism and testicular torsion? - Correct answer young males ๏ TUIP is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer transurethral incision of the prostate ๏ What is transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)? - Correct answer the urethra is widened by means of small incisions in the bladder neck and prostate gland; less invasive alternative to TRUP for less severe cases of enlarged prostate ๏ TUNA is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer transurethral needle ablation ๏ What is transurethral needle ablation? - Correct answer a nonsurgical procedure used to treat some cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); uses low-level radio frequency energy to destroy excess prostate tissue ๏ TUMT is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer transurethral microwave thermotherapy ๏ What is transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)? - Correct answer a nonsurgical procedure that can be used to treat some cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); Page 11 of 20 uses heat in the form of microwaves to destroy excess prostatic tissue via a device called a Prostration ๏ The combining form crypt/o means: - Correct answer hidden or concealed ๏ What is cryptorchism/cryptorchidism? - Correct answer the abnormal condition of undescended testicles ๏ How do the testicles descend? - Correct answer from the abdominal cavity into the scrotal sac before birth ๏ The combining form and/o means: - Correct answer male ๏ What is an androgen? - Correct answer any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics ๏ What is an example of an androgen? - Correct answer testosterone ๏ What is testosterone? - Correct answer a steroid hormone that is produced in the testes in males and in the adrenal glands in both males and females ๏ The combining form prostate/o means: - Correct answer prostate gland ๏ The combining form test/o means: - Correct answer testis or testicles (derived from Latin term for witness) ๏ The combining form that means "animal life" is: - Correct answer zoo/o ๏ What does azoospermia mean? - Correct answer lack of spermatozoa in semen ๏ _____________ is the formation of spermatozoa - Correct answer spermatogenesis ๏ A sexually transmitted disease that results in urethritis, dysuria and an abnormal mucopurulent discharge from the urethra is called _____________ - Correct answer gonorrhea ๏ What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in males? - Correct answer inflammation of the urethra (urethritis), painful urination (dysuria), yellow/pus-filled (purulent) discharge from the urethra ๏ What two STDs often occur at the same time and share similar symptoms? - Correct answer gonorrhea and chlamydia Page 12 of 20 ๏ What are endocrine glands? - Correct answer glands that secrete directly to the bloodstream to work within the body ๏ The disorder that involves twisting of the spermatic cord and, if left untreated, can lead to atrophy of the testes is: - Correct answer testicular torsion ๏ The first state of syphilis is accompanied by the appearance of red, bloodless ulcer on the external genitals, called a: - Correct answer chancre ๏ What are bullae? - Correct answer larger blisters ๏ A narrow, coiled tubule that produces sperm in a testis is: - Correct answer seminiferous ๏ Embryonic carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and tatami are all type of: - Correct answer non-seminomatous germ cell tumors ๏ Testicular neoplasms are categorized as either: - Correct answer germinal or non- germinal ๏ What are germinal neoplasms? - Correct answer arise from embryonic, or germ, cells in the testes; 90% of testicular carcinomas are germ cell (germinal) cancers ๏ What are non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs)? - Correct answer germ cell tumors that contain embryonic stem cells ๏ The combining form encephala/o means: - Correct answer brain ๏ What is the diencephalon? - Correct answer lies under the cerebrum and contains two structures (thalamus and hypothalamus) ๏ What is encephalitis? - Correct answer inflammation of the brain ๏ The combining form cerebra/o means: - Correct answer cerebrum ๏ What does the combining form cerebella/o mean? - Correct answer cerebellum ๏ What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? - Correct answer a fluid that flows through the brain and protects the four ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, and the spinal canal ๏ The combining form veg/o means: - Correct answer vague nerve Page 15 of 20 ๏ What is the vague nerve? - Correct answer the 10th cranial nerve that originates at the base of the brain and carries signals to and from the structures of the head/neck and the thoracic/abdominal cavities ๏ What does vagal mean? - Correct answer pertaining to the vague nerve ๏ _____________ is the inflammation of several nerves - Correct answer polyneuritis ๏ _____________ is the protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the spinal column; a type of spine bifida - Correct answer myelomeningocele ๏ What is mile/o? - Correct answer spinal cord ๏ What is mining/o? - Correct answer membranes, meninges ๏ The medical term for headache is: - Correct answer cephalic ๏ What is esthetic/o and -aesthesia? - Correct answer feeling, nervous sensation ๏ What is kinas/o and -kinesis? - Correct answer movement ๏ What is -praxis? - Correct answer action ๏ Baby Casey was born with spine bifida, which resulted in the protrusion of the meninges called a: - Correct answer meningeal ๏ Ms. Kabuki received a ____________ medication to relieve her postoperative pain - Correct answer analgesic ๏ What is -Algeria? - Correct answer sensitivity to pain ๏ The outer layer of the meninges is called the: - Correct answer Dura mater ๏ What are the three layers of membranes around the brain? - Correct answer Dura mater, arachnoid, and pie mater ๏ The largest and uppermost section of the brain is the: - Correct answer cerebrum ๏ What is the medulla oblongata? - Correct answer a part of the brain stem ๏ A neurologic disorder marked by tics, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words is called: - Correct answer Tourette syndrome Page 16 of 20 ๏ What is Alzheimer's characterized? - Correct answer gradual decline of mental ability (kind of dementia) ๏ What is Huntington's characterized? - Correct answer involuntary, dancelike movements that can be accompanied by intellectual deterioration and emotional changes as the disease progresses ๏ What is the main symptom of Parkinson's? - Correct answer tremors ๏ Which procedure records electrical activity of the brain? - Correct answer electroencephalography (EEG) ๏ What is a computed tomography (CT)? - Correct answer an x-ray technique that generates computerized cross-sectional images of the brain and spinal cord ๏ What is a magnetic resonance image (MRI)? - Correct answer a machine that uses magnetic and radio waves to create an image of the brain in all three planes ๏ What is a lumbar puncture (LP)? - Correct answer performed in various therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, including withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ๏ The sensory warning some people experience before a seizer is called: - Correct answer an aura ๏ What is hyperesthesia? - Correct answer increased sensation ๏ What is neuralgia? - Correct answer nerve pain ๏ What does syncope mean? - Correct answer fainting caused by a sudden lack of blood flow to the brain ๏ Mrs. Granger, age 77, has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. During the past 3 months, she has experienced temporary episodes of paresthesia and paresis of the right arm consistent with TIAs. She now enters the hospital with a CVA. She has aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Mrs. Granger's diagnosis on hospitalization was: - Correct answer cerebrovascular accident ๏ What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) also known as? - Correct answer a stroke or a cerebral infarction caused by an interruption to the normal flow of blood to the brain ๏ What are transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)? - Correct answer episodes of neurologic dysfunction that come and go (transient) that signals the gradual blocking of a blood vessel, as with atherosclerosis Page 17 of 20