Medical Terminology: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases, Exams of History and Philosophy

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MMSC200 Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers-2024 Update.  Spa gr is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer specific gravity  What is specific gravity? - Correct answer a comparison of the density of urine with that water  What does the specific gravity of urine reflect? - Correct answer the amount of waste, minerals, and solids in urine  The abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram is: - Correct answer VCUG  What is voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)? - Correct answer a diagnostic procedure that can reveal abnormalities of the bladder  What occurs during a VCUG? - Correct answer the bladder is filled with contrast material and x-rays are taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine  A combining form for stone is: - Correct answer lath/o  What is kept/o? - Correct answer ketone bodies  What is azote/o? - Correct answer nitrogen  What is a lithotripsy? - Correct answer a procedure that crushes urinary tract stones  What is a pyelolithotomy? - Correct answer a surgical procedure to remove a large stone from the renal pelvis  What is nephrolithiasis? - Correct answer the presence of kidney stones  The combining form for meatus is: - Correct answer meat/o  What is the meatus? - Correct answer the external opening of the urethra through which urine leaves the body  The combining form for renal pelvis is: - Correct answer peel/o  What is retrograde pyelogram? - Correct answer an x-ray imaging study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using contrast material  What is pyelonephritis? - Correct answer a bacterial urinary tract infection Page 1 of 20  What is pyelolithotomy? - Correct answer a surgical incision into the renal pelvis to remove a large stone  A combining form for the urinary bladder is: - Correct answer cyst/o  The suffix meaning condition of urine is: - Correct answer -urea  What is puree? - Correct answer pus in the urine  What is polyuria? - Correct answer excessive urination  What is hematuria? - Correct answer blood in the urine  What is dysuria? - Correct answer painful urination  The term for kidney disorder is: - Correct answer nephropathy  Albumin in the urine is called: - Correct answer albuminuria  What is albumin? - Correct answer a protein in the blood  What does albuminuria/proteinuria indicate? - Correct answer kidney malfunction  ______________ is the inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney - Correct answer glomerulonephritis  The use of shock waves to crush urinary tract stones is called: - Correct answer lithotripsy  What is -trips? - Correct answer to crush  What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)? - Correct answer the use of shock waves directed toward the stone from outside the body; once the stone is crushed, it can pass from the body in urine  A major sign of diabetes mullets, detected in urinalysis, is glucose (sugar) in the urine, or: - Correct answer glycosuria  What is diabetes mellitus? - Correct answer the inadequate secretion or ineffective use of insulin  What happens if someone lacks insulin? - Correct answer the sugar cannot leave the bloodstream to be used as energy in the body Page 2 of 20  The outer region of the kidney is the: - Correct answer cortex  The cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis is the: - Correct answer calyx  What does the calyx do? - Correct answer helps collect urine and aids its passage through the renal pelvis, which narrows in the ureter  What is the renal tubule? - Correct answer a microscopic tube where urine is formed; part of the kidney's nephron that leads from the glomerulus to the collecting tubules; consists of a looping segment and two convoluted sections; canals that secrete, collect and conduct urine  The tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body is: - Correct answer urethra  What is the Bowman's capsule? - Correct answer a cup-shaped capsule surrounding each glomerulus; as blood passes through the glomeruli, water, salts, sugar and urea are filtered out and collected in the Bowman's capsules (these materials then travel to the renal tubules)  A combining form for urine is: - Correct answer urn/o or urine/o  When the kidney fails to excrete urine, ____________ has occurred - Correct answer renal failure  Why does renal failure occur? - Correct answer because of impaired filtration function  High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease is called: - Correct answer renal hypertension  What does renal mean? - Correct answer pertaining to the kidney  What is the most common type of secondary hypertension? - Correct answer renal hypertension  What does secondary hypertension mean? - Correct answer the hypertension is secondary to a primary disease or condition  Diabetes insipid us occurs when ____________ is inadequately produced or improperly used in the body - Correct answer antidiuretic hormone  One of the substances tested for in urinalysis is the hemoglobin pigment called: - Correct answer bilirubin Page 5 of 20  What is bilirubin? - Correct answer an orange-yellow bile pigment that is the product of the breakdown of hemoglobin in erythrocytes at the end of their lifespan  Excessive blood acidity due to dangerous levels of blood kenos is called: - Correct answer ketoacidosis  What is the combining form for ketones? - Correct answer keno/o or ketone/o  What is ketonuria? - Correct answer the presence of elevated levels of ketones in the urine  Examination of the vagina and cervix with a special magnifying instrument is called a: - Correct answer colposcopy  What does -scope mean? - Correct answer visual examination  What does clop/o mean? - Correct answer vagina  When is a colposcopy performed? - Correct answer after a Pap smear detects abnormal cervical cells (dysplasia) to identify the specific area of abnormal cells  ____________ is the inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix (one form of pelvic inflammatory disease) - Correct answer end cervicitis  ____________ is a term that refers to a woman who has been pregnant more than once - Correct answer multigravida  What does gravid/o mean? - Correct answer pregnancy  What does null- mean? - Correct answer no, not or none  What is multigravida? - Correct answer a woman who has had no pregnancies  What is primigravida? - Correct answer a woman pregnant for the first time  What is a porous woman? - Correct answer one who has had a vaginal delivery  What does nulliparous refer to? - Correct answer a woman who has not delivered any babies  What does a multiparous refer to? - Correct answer a woman who has delivered more than one baby  ___________ is the beginning of the first menstrual period - Correct answer menarche Page 6 of 20  What is men/o? - Correct answer menses, menstruation  What does -archer mean? - Correct answer first  Ms. Genesco was diagnosed with _____________, a condition in which the inner tissue lining of the uterus proliferates and is transferred to sites outside the uterine cavity. - Correct answer endometriosis  What is -oasis? - Correct answer abnormal condition  What does endometria/o mean? - Correct answer the lining of the uterus  Ms. Gray underwent a bilateral ____________, or removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries, after her diagnosis of ovarian cancer. - Correct answer sapling-oophorectomy  What is sapling/o? - Correct answer fallopian tubes  What is gopher/o? - Correct answer ovaries  Ms. Munoz was scheduled for a _____________ to remove uterine fibroids - Correct answer myomectomy  What does mom/o mean? - Correct answer muscular tumor  Ms. Rosenblum has a purulent, no bloody vaginal discharge, or ____________, as a result of an infection of her cervix. - Correct answer leucorrhea  The medical term for afterbirth is: - Correct answer placenta  What is the placenta? - Correct answer a highly vascular organ that serves as a bridge to the maternal circulation for the exchange of nutrients and wastes; anchors the fetus to the uterine wall during pregnancy  Fertilization of the ovum most often occurs in the: - Correct answer fallopian tube  Which hormone is responsible for the buildup of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle? - Correct answer progesterone  What does the corpus lutein function as during the menstrual cycle? - Correct answer an endocrine organ and secretes progesterone into the bloodstream  Immediately after conception, the fertilized egg is called a: - Correct answer zygote Page 7 of 20  What is the treatment for cervical dysplasia or cervical erosion that uses heat? - Correct answer cauterization  What procedures destroy abnormal tissue? - Correct answer cauterization (cautery) and cryosurgery (cry cauterization)  How does cauterization destroy abnormal tissue? - Correct answer it burns the tissue  How does cryosurgery destroy abnormal tissue? - Correct answer it freezes the tissue  What is a colposcopy? - Correct answer a visual examination of the vagina and cervix  The pituitary hormone that promotes ovulation by causing the mature ovarian follicle to rupture and release its ovum is: - Correct answer luteinizing hormone (LH)  The external female genitalia, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal orifice, is the: - Correct answer vulva  What is the vagina? - Correct answer a muscular canal extending from the uterine cervix to the vaginal introit us (entrance)  IVF stands for: - Correct answer in vitro fertilization  What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)? - Correct answer egg and sperm cells are put together in a lab dish to facilitate fertilization; after the incubation period, the fertilized ova are injected into the uterus through the cervix; 30-50% of all IVF is now associated with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), which is the direct injection of sperm into harvested ova  A term that means sexual intercourse is: - Correct answer coitus  Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus is called: - Correct answer cesarean section  After an ovarian follicle ruptures and releases the ovum, it matures a golden yellow color and is call a: - Correct answer corpus lutein  The excision of one or both ovaries: - Correct answer oophorectomy  The surgical excision of the uterus: - Correct answer hysterectomy  A _____________ is a surgery in which the tumor and immediate surrounding tissue are removed while preserving the remaining breast tissue - Correct answer lumpectomy Page 10 of 20  The removal of the breast tissue: - Correct answer mastectomy  The surgical repair of a breast: - Correct answer mastoplasty  What is a sentinel node biopsy? - Correct answer a procedure to assess the lymph nodes for spread of the cancer  Another word for an opening is: - Correct answer orifice (from Latin word orificium)  What does or/I mean? - Correct answer mouth  The process of producing nutritive milk for offspring is called: - Correct answer lactation  What is gal act/o? - Correct answer milk  What is -rhea? - Correct answer flow  What is -as? - Correct answer enzyme  A noncancerous condition common in men over 50 is: - Correct answer benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)  Carcinoma of the testes is a: - Correct answer malignancy  Who can be affected by cryptorchism and testicular torsion? - Correct answer young males  TUIP is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer transurethral incision of the prostate  What is transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)? - Correct answer the urethra is widened by means of small incisions in the bladder neck and prostate gland; less invasive alternative to TRUP for less severe cases of enlarged prostate  TUNA is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer transurethral needle ablation  What is transurethral needle ablation? - Correct answer a nonsurgical procedure used to treat some cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); uses low-level radio frequency energy to destroy excess prostate tissue  TUMT is the abbreviation for: - Correct answer transurethral microwave thermotherapy  What is transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)? - Correct answer a nonsurgical procedure that can be used to treat some cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); Page 11 of 20 uses heat in the form of microwaves to destroy excess prostatic tissue via a device called a Prostration  The combining form crypt/o means: - Correct answer hidden or concealed  What is cryptorchism/cryptorchidism? - Correct answer the abnormal condition of undescended testicles  How do the testicles descend? - Correct answer from the abdominal cavity into the scrotal sac before birth  The combining form and/o means: - Correct answer male  What is an androgen? - Correct answer any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics  What is an example of an androgen? - Correct answer testosterone  What is testosterone? - Correct answer a steroid hormone that is produced in the testes in males and in the adrenal glands in both males and females  The combining form prostate/o means: - Correct answer prostate gland  The combining form test/o means: - Correct answer testis or testicles (derived from Latin term for witness)  The combining form that means "animal life" is: - Correct answer zoo/o  What does azoospermia mean? - Correct answer lack of spermatozoa in semen  _____________ is the formation of spermatozoa - Correct answer spermatogenesis  A sexually transmitted disease that results in urethritis, dysuria and an abnormal mucopurulent discharge from the urethra is called _____________ - Correct answer gonorrhea  What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in males? - Correct answer inflammation of the urethra (urethritis), painful urination (dysuria), yellow/pus-filled (purulent) discharge from the urethra  What two STDs often occur at the same time and share similar symptoms? - Correct answer gonorrhea and chlamydia Page 12 of 20  What are endocrine glands? - Correct answer glands that secrete directly to the bloodstream to work within the body  The disorder that involves twisting of the spermatic cord and, if left untreated, can lead to atrophy of the testes is: - Correct answer testicular torsion  The first state of syphilis is accompanied by the appearance of red, bloodless ulcer on the external genitals, called a: - Correct answer chancre  What are bullae? - Correct answer larger blisters  A narrow, coiled tubule that produces sperm in a testis is: - Correct answer seminiferous  Embryonic carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and tatami are all type of: - Correct answer non-seminomatous germ cell tumors  Testicular neoplasms are categorized as either: - Correct answer germinal or non- germinal  What are germinal neoplasms? - Correct answer arise from embryonic, or germ, cells in the testes; 90% of testicular carcinomas are germ cell (germinal) cancers  What are non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs)? - Correct answer germ cell tumors that contain embryonic stem cells  The combining form encephala/o means: - Correct answer brain  What is the diencephalon? - Correct answer lies under the cerebrum and contains two structures (thalamus and hypothalamus)  What is encephalitis? - Correct answer inflammation of the brain  The combining form cerebra/o means: - Correct answer cerebrum  What does the combining form cerebella/o mean? - Correct answer cerebellum  What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? - Correct answer a fluid that flows through the brain and protects the four ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, and the spinal canal  The combining form veg/o means: - Correct answer vague nerve Page 15 of 20  What is the vague nerve? - Correct answer the 10th cranial nerve that originates at the base of the brain and carries signals to and from the structures of the head/neck and the thoracic/abdominal cavities  What does vagal mean? - Correct answer pertaining to the vague nerve  _____________ is the inflammation of several nerves - Correct answer polyneuritis  _____________ is the protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the spinal column; a type of spine bifida - Correct answer myelomeningocele  What is mile/o? - Correct answer spinal cord  What is mining/o? - Correct answer membranes, meninges  The medical term for headache is: - Correct answer cephalic  What is esthetic/o and -aesthesia? - Correct answer feeling, nervous sensation  What is kinas/o and -kinesis? - Correct answer movement  What is -praxis? - Correct answer action  Baby Casey was born with spine bifida, which resulted in the protrusion of the meninges called a: - Correct answer meningeal  Ms. Kabuki received a ____________ medication to relieve her postoperative pain - Correct answer analgesic  What is -Algeria? - Correct answer sensitivity to pain  The outer layer of the meninges is called the: - Correct answer Dura mater  What are the three layers of membranes around the brain? - Correct answer Dura mater, arachnoid, and pie mater  The largest and uppermost section of the brain is the: - Correct answer cerebrum  What is the medulla oblongata? - Correct answer a part of the brain stem  A neurologic disorder marked by tics, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words is called: - Correct answer Tourette syndrome Page 16 of 20  What is Alzheimer's characterized? - Correct answer gradual decline of mental ability (kind of dementia)  What is Huntington's characterized? - Correct answer involuntary, dancelike movements that can be accompanied by intellectual deterioration and emotional changes as the disease progresses  What is the main symptom of Parkinson's? - Correct answer tremors  Which procedure records electrical activity of the brain? - Correct answer electroencephalography (EEG)  What is a computed tomography (CT)? - Correct answer an x-ray technique that generates computerized cross-sectional images of the brain and spinal cord  What is a magnetic resonance image (MRI)? - Correct answer a machine that uses magnetic and radio waves to create an image of the brain in all three planes  What is a lumbar puncture (LP)? - Correct answer performed in various therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, including withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)  The sensory warning some people experience before a seizer is called: - Correct answer an aura  What is hyperesthesia? - Correct answer increased sensation  What is neuralgia? - Correct answer nerve pain  What does syncope mean? - Correct answer fainting caused by a sudden lack of blood flow to the brain  Mrs. Granger, age 77, has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. During the past 3 months, she has experienced temporary episodes of paresthesia and paresis of the right arm consistent with TIAs. She now enters the hospital with a CVA. She has aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Mrs. Granger's diagnosis on hospitalization was: - Correct answer cerebrovascular accident  What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) also known as? - Correct answer a stroke or a cerebral infarction caused by an interruption to the normal flow of blood to the brain  What are transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)? - Correct answer episodes of neurologic dysfunction that come and go (transient) that signals the gradual blocking of a blood vessel, as with atherosclerosis Page 17 of 20