Endocrine System Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Medical Sciences

Download Endocrine System Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Medical Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 adren/o DEFINITION 1 adrenal glands TERM 2 gonad/o DEFINITION 2 gonads (testicles/ovaries) TERM 3 pancreat/o DEFINITION 3 pancreatic islets TERM 4 parathyroid/o DEFINITION 4 parathyroid glands TERM 5 pineal/o DEFINITION 5 pineal glands TERM 6 pituit/o pituitar/o DEFINITION 6 pituitary gland TERM 7 thym/o DEFINITION 7 thymus TERM 8 thyr/o thyroid/o DEFINITION 8 thyroid gland TERM 9 acr/o DEFINITION 9 extremity TERM 10 episi/o DEFINITION 10 vulva TERM 21 cretinism DEFINITION 21 congenital lack of thyroid secretion. If treatment is not started soon after birth, it causes arrested physical and mental development. TERM 22 Cushing's syndrome DEFINITION 22 -aka hypercortisolism-caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol-may be caused by overproduction of cortisol by the body or glucocorticoid hormone medications to treat inflammatory diseases-rounded/moon face TERM 23 diabetes insipidus DEFINITION 23 -caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH.-allows too much fluid to be excreted.-produces extreme polydipsia and polyuria TERM 24 diabetes mellitus DEFINITION 24 -group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both-type 1, type 2, gestational TERM 25 diabetic retinopathy DEFINITION 25 -complication of diabetics that causes damage to the retina of the eye TERM 26 electrolytes DEFINITION 26 mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, found in the blood TERM 27 endocrinopathy DEFINITION 27 any disease due to a disorder of the endocrine system TERM 28 epinepherine DEFINITION 28 -aka adrenaline-adrenal medulla-Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system-increase in the heart rate and increased blood pressure as well as the other symptoms associated with severe stress-synthetic pharmaceutical used as a vasoconstrictor to treat conditions such as heart dysrhythmias and asthma attacks TERM 29 estrogen DEFINITION 29 -ovaries-Develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle. TERM 30 exophthalmos DEFINITION 30 abnormal protrusion of the eyes TERM 31 fructosamine test DEFINITION 31 measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks and is used to detect changes more rapidly TERM 32 gestational diabetes mellitus DEFINITION 32 -diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies-usually disappears after delivery-many women later develop type 2 diabetes TERM 33 gigantism DEFINITION 33 abnormal overgrowth of the body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty TERM 34 glucagon DEFINITION 34 -pancreatic islets-Increases the level of glucose in the bloodstream-produced by the alpha cells-stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose TERM 35 glycohemoglobin DEFINITION 35 -aka GHb-forms when glucose in the blood attaches to the hemoglobin TERM 46 hyperinsulinism DEFINITION 46 excessive secretion of insulin that produces hypoglycemia TERM 47 hyperparathyroidism DEFINITION 47 -overproduction of PTH-causes hypercalcemia and may lead to weakened bones and the formation of kidney stones TERM 48 hyperpituitarism DEFINITION 48 pathology that results in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland TERM 49 hyperthyroidism DEFINITION 49 -condition of excessive thyroid hormones in the blood- increased metabolic rate, increased sweating, nervousness, and weight loss TERM 50 hypocalcemia DEFINITION 50 characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood TERM 51 hypocrinism DEFINITION 51 condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland TERM 52 hypoglycemia DEFINITION 52 -abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood- treatment:raise blood sugar rapidly with glucose tablets or another form of readily absorbed sugar TERM 53 hypogonadism DEFINITION 53 condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands TERM 54 hypoparathyroidism DEFINITION 54 -condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid glands-usually accompanied by hypocalcemia and in severe cases this leads to tetany TERM 55 hypophysectomy DEFINITION 55 use of radiation or surgery to remove all or part of the pituitary gland TERM 56 hypopituitarism DEFINITION 56 condition of reduced secretion due to the partial or complete loss of the function of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland TERM 57 hypothyroidism DEFINITION 57 -underactive thyroid;deficiency of thyroid secretion-fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, and a decreased metabolic rate TERM 58 insulin DEFINITION 58 -pancreatic islets-Regulates the transport of glucose to body cells and stimulates the liver to convert of excess glucose to glycogen for storage.-secreted by the beta cells TERM 59 insulinoma DEFINITION 59 benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia TERM 60 laparoscopic adrenalectomy DEFINITION 60 minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands TERM 71 pinealectomy DEFINITION 71 surgical removal of the pineal body TERM 72 pinealopathy DEFINITION 72 any disorder of the pineal gland TERM 73 pituitarism DEFINITION 73 any disorder of pituitary function TERM 74 pituitary adenoma DEFINITION 74 -benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the excess hormone secretion TERM 75 polydipsia DEFINITION 75 excessive thirst TERM 76 polyuria DEFINITION 76 excessive urination TERM 77 progesterone DEFINITION 77 -ovaries-Completes preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy. TERM 78 prolactinoma DEFINITION 78 -aka prolactin-producing adenoma-benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin- female:infertility and changes in menstruation-male: impotence TERM 79 steroid DEFINITION 79 -help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand illness and injury TERM 80 testosterone DEFINITION 80 -testicles-Stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics. TERM 81 tetany DEFINITION 81 abnormal condition characterized by periodic painful muscle spasms (cramps) and tremors TERM 82 thymectomy DEFINITION 82 surgical removal of the thymus gland TERM 83 thymitis DEFINITION 83 inflammation of the thymus gland TERM 84 thymoma DEFINITION 84 usually benign tumor derived from the tissue of the thymus TERM 85 thymosin DEFINITION 85 -thymus-stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system TERM 96 diuretic DEFINITION 96 when administered, increases urine secretion TERM 97 -megaly DEFINITION 97 enlargement TERM 98 acro- DEFINITION 98 extremities TERM 99 calcitonin DEFINITION 99 -works with the parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues-decreases blood levels by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth TERM 100 thyroid-stimulating hormone assay DEFINITION 100 -diagnostic test to measure circulating blood levels of TSH- used to detect abnormal thyroid activity resulting from excessive pituitary stimulation TERM 101 Primary vs Secondary HP DEFINITION 101 -Primary:caused by a diseased parathyroid gland- Secondary:caused by a problem elsewhere in the body TERM 102 Conn's syndrome DEFINITION 102 -primary aldosteronism-aldosteronism due to disorders of the adrenal gland TERM 103 secondary aldosteronism DEFINITION 103 -not caused by a disorder of the adrenal gland-ex; nephrotic syndrome TERM 104 cortisone DEFINITION 104 -hydrocortisone-synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body-administered to suppress inflammation andorgan rejection TERM 105 type 1 diabetes DEFINITION 105 -akainsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) orjuvenile diabetes-autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder-destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells, body does not secrete enough insulin-symptoms:increased urination, constant thirst and hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, and slow healing TERM 106 type 2 disbetes DEFINITION 106 -akanoninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) oradult- onset diabetes-insulin resistance disorder-insulin is being produced, but the body does not use it effectively so it makes more to compensate-potentially no symptoms for years, but then same as type 1+recurring infections, irritability, and a tingling sensation in the hands or feet TERM 107 Sulfonylureas DEFINITION 107 medications that lower blood sugar by causing the body to release more insulin TERM 108 human chorionic gonadotropin DEFINITION 108 -hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy- stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing the hormones required to maintain the pregnancy