Energy Selection in the 21st Century: Coal, Oil, Nuclear, Renewable, and Fusion, Papers of Health sciences

Download Energy Selection in the 21st Century: Coal, Oil, Nuclear, Renewable, and Fusion and more Papers Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! Fusion Summer Study A Rationale for Fusion Energy Development in Japan M. Kikuchi JAERI Plenary Session July 12 "Fusion Summer Study " Snowmass, Aspen, Cololad [1] Energy Selection in 21 century and Fusion Ref. "TRI-LEMMA" Three Major Problems Threatening World Survival , Susumu Yoda, General Editor,1998 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000(year) Energy Today Coal OIL / LNG Nuclear / Renewable Assume world population saturates at 12 Billion People(1.67TOE/person) 2400 18 15 10 5 0 1900 1950 2000 2100 2200 2300 oil+LNG Past Future $20~30/bbl(oil) ~$30/bbl (oil) oil ~$20/bbl (oil) ~$10/bbl (coal) $30/bbl~ (LNG) $10~15/bbl (coal) $15 ~30/bbl (coal) ~$30/bbl (LNG) year Shortage We are experiencing very short Fossile Era in a history of human kind Estimated energy payback ratio for Fusion Reactor is large enough compared with other energy sources. [1] Energy Selection in 21 century and Fusion Fusion : Tokimatsu 1998 (IAEA-TCM) Others : Uchiyama 1995 50 10 20 30 0 24 21 17 9 6 6 Present Sources (Ucniyama, 1995) 10 20 30 0 19 106 Future 4 28 14 Without Solar 500GW 10GW 15GW 20GW Solar Power Density 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 [W/m2] [X100GW] • Solar power > 10GWe does not contribute to peak cut . - 10GW solar power X12% availability ~ a 1.5GW fission X80% availability - [1] Energy Selection in 21 century and Fusion Hours Ref. : Y. Uchiyama, CRIEPI Pacific Ocean Japan Sea 35º 40º 45º 145º140º135º130º 30º Li 170ppb 268ton/year 8.5 ton U 3.3ppb 5.2ton/year 0.16ton V 1.9ppb 3.0ton/year 0.09ton [1] Energy Selection in 21 century and Fusion Density Resources carried by Black Current Mass flowdensity /m2/year 1K 4K 16K 64K 256K 4M 16M 1M DRAM 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 64M 256M 1G 4G 16G ITER 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Bee Worm 10 15 10 17 10 19 10 10 23 Qeq>1 JT-60U (J) JET (EU)21 TFTR Doublet-III PLT 10 13 TFRT-4 [2] Tokamak Research A low Ip with a large Bootstrap Current fraction allows reduction of re-circulation power. Thermal Efficiency 34.5% 0.08GWe Power Efficiency 50% NBI GeneraterSteam Bootstrap Current Fraction 75% Beam Plasma Current 12MA Beam Driven Plasma Current Fraction 25% 0.12GWe 0.06GW 3.7GW Ballance of 1.08GWe Principle of SSTR Power Power Electricity Power 1.28GWe Power Turbine for Utility [2] Tokamak Research Ti nTτE 140MDeg. τE 1.1s (2nd Top)0.2s 177X1020 Deg.s/cc (World Record) 16X1020 Deg.s/cc Deuterium NNBI W-shaped Divertor 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995FY 1996 19971985 1986 Modification to JT-60U Heating Device JT-60 plan Pre- upgrade Heating plasma Major Results Attained Target New World Record nτET and Ti Equivalent Energy Gain 0.6 10.9MJ (2nd Top)3.2MJ Stored energy JT-60 Progress and Achievement 1998 ITER Physics (2) ITER Physics (1)Up-grade 1.05 (Break-even) .6 1.25 (World Record) 520MDeg. (World Record) Joule plasma [2] Tokamak Research 80% Bootsrap current (World Record) Highest Ti World Record (440MDeg.) High triangulality high peformance plasma Highest nτET world recoed at that time (125X1020Deg.s/cc) Highest driven current 3.6MA (World Record) N-NBI heating (World 1st) Q=1.05 with R/S Q=1.25 with R/S JAERI Los Alamos LANL JAERI-DOE (Frame Relay, 768kbps) PPPL JT-60 Remote Diagnostic System J A E R I JAPAN Data Link System ISDN line (128kbps) Data Workstation LANL USA GA ESNET PPPL-JAERI(July2,1999) GA-JAERI (July2,1999) REDUCED COST ITERCURRENT ITER Fusion Power 1500MW Major Radius 8.1m Weight 55,000 TONS Fusion Power 500~600MW Major Radius 6.0~6.5m Weight ~17,000 TONS Fusion Power 3000 MW Major Radius 7 m Weight 30,000 TONS TF COIL POLOIDAL FIELD COIL CENTRAL SOLENOID VACUUM VESSEL BLANKET MODUELS DIVERTOR CENTRAL SOLENOID SUPPORT BACK PLATE Tokamak SUPPORT UPPER CROWN LOWER CROWN 0 5 5 151050 VACUUM VESSEL SUPPORT From RC-ITER to DEMO (SSTR) SSTR 0 5 5 8 1050 15 151050 0 5 5 126 7 ITEM ITER SSTR Burning Plasma Q=10-20 Q=50 Steady State Operation Q ≥ 5 Q=50 Plasma Plessure A few atm. ~10 atm. Bmax of SC Coil 12T 16T Blanket Module Test Structure Material Stainles Steel ~0.3 MWy/m2 ~7MWy / m2 Water /solid beeder RAF(F82H) Normalized beta βN 2.2~3(3.5) 3.5 Neutron Fluence