Morpho-Anatomy of Roots, Stems, and Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Plants, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Botany

Download Morpho-Anatomy of Roots, Stems, and Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Plants and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Botany in PDF only on Docsity! UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK LABORATORY REPORT 1 BOTANY: MORPHO-ANATOMY OF ROOTS, STEMS, AND LEAF Members: BESA, HILARIE NICOLE D. CAINGLET, MA. ELENITA T. CAMORONGAN, CHRISTINE LEI R. GALANO, BENEDICT L. JOVERES, JESSIE M. RAGADE, FRANZ JULIANNE G. February 2023 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK Introduction: Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants, whereas plant anatomy is the study of the internal plant structure, mostly at the cellular or microscopic level (Carrillo-López & Yahia, 2019). Living organisms—specifically plants—are one of life’s aspects that attributes its function to the ecosystem; it has various capabilities in both maintaining and managing its own as well as other organisms external to them. Plants are known to be the most essential living organism on Earth. It is one of the two major groups of living things that are essential to the survival of the biosphere. It can be found literally everywhere, in all available shapes and sizes—from the green algae, mosses, ferns, vines, bushes, herbs, flowering plants, and even trees (Fernando, 2012). Although some plants are parasitic, they produce their own food through photosynthesis. Knowing the forms and anatomy of plants will greatly help the researchers to know how different plants live in specific situations. Although the study of plant anatomy dates back to the 1600s, most of the knowledge about plant structure is based on temperate, often ergonomic, plants. A thorough knowledge about plant structure and development of cells and tissues are essential for realistic interpretation of plant function, whether this function concerned is about photosynthesis, the movement of water, the transport of food, or even the absorption of minerals through roots (Evert & Eichhorn, n.d). Thus, the objective of this experiment is to examine the physical characteristics and exterior structure of a dicot or monocot plant, including its roots, stems, and leaves, as well as its internal structure at the microscopic level. This experiment also intends to distinguish between monocot and UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK Observing the plants’ structures using the naked eye: Before the day of the actual laboratory activity, each group was instructed to bring their specimens—flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of any monocot and dicot plants. As for the researcher's group, they acquired Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Inducum) as the dicot and the Lily of the Incas (Alstroemeria) as the monocot for flowers and stems. For the leaves, Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) is the monocot and Lady's fingers (Abelmoschus Esculentus) as the dicot. And lastly, the Onion (Allium Cepa) roots as the monocot, and the Celery (Apium Graveolens) roots as the dicot. Each group was instructed to read beforehand about the differences that exist between the external structures of monocot and dicot plants in terms of their flowers, leaves, stems, and roots to help in the actual process of observation. UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK Results: Observing the structures in a microscopic level: Upon observations done with each particular specimen, in terms of identification, the researchers are able to successfully capture each of the prepared slides—utilizing both under LPO and HPO magnifications. In line with this, distinctions and recognitions are made for either usage for both used magnifications and the structure or parts of the specimen. Out of fourteen specimens given, the researchers have decided to do an observation on mosses (Mnium Leaf). Mosses are leafy but still lack roots, stems, and leaves; the cells also have no stomata. Under the Low Power Objective (LPO-Figure 1.), it was observed that each cell of the mosses could be seen but was not sufficiently clear and concise. With the HPO magnification (Figure 2.), the structure was much more visible than what can be seen in LPO. UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK Observing the plants’ structures using the naked eye: After all the careful observations, the group was able to come up with a conclusion that monocot and dicot plants are not only different on a microscopic level but even at the level of just the naked eye. When it comes to the flowers, the petals of a monocot flower tend to be usually in multiples of three, while the petals of a dicot flower are usually in fours or fives. As for the leaves, the leaves of a monocot plant generally have parallel venation, whereas the leaves of a dicot plant typically have reticulate venation; its veins are visible in a pattern that mimics the network of a spider's web. When it comes to the stems of dicot plants, they have secondary growth, which is not visible on the stem of monocot plants. Lastly, with regards to the root system of plants, tap roots—where secondary and tertiary roots could emerge out of—are often seen in dicot plants. Meanwhile, fibrous roots can be observed in monocot plants.