Motivation Theories: Content and Process Approaches, Study notes of Human Resource Management

Download Motivation Theories: Content and Process Approaches and more Study notes Human Resource Management in PDF only on Docsity! 10/30/2014 1 Motivating Employees • Compensation programs must motivate  individual employees to work; however, they  rarely succeed when they base motivation solely  on monetary rewards. • Motivation theories fall into two principal types: – Content theories • Inherent traits of humans – Process theories • How environments can be built to motivate others Content Theories • Content theories propose that all people are  motivated by certain common needs; the  most common are the following: – Economic Man Theory    – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory – Alderfer’s ERG Theory – Herzberg’s Two‐Factor Theory – McClellands’s N‐Achievement Theory Economic Man and Maslow’s  Hierarchy of Needs • The Economic Man Theory holds the idea that  money is the only important goal for which  people work M l ’ Hi h f N d• as ow s  erarc y o   ee s Economic Man and Maslow’s  Hierarchy of Needs • The Economic Man Theory holds the idea that  money is the only important goal for which  people work M l ’ Hi h f N d• as ow s  erarc y o   ee s Alderfer’s ERG Theory • Alderfer’s ERG Theory agrees with  Maslow  – individuals have basic needs that could be  arranged in order of priority        –there are basic distinctions among those  needs –those needs need to be classified –Alderfer divides them into three  categories • Existence   Relatedness   Growth Alderfer’s ERG Theory • Alderfer’s ERG Theory agrees with  Maslow  – individuals have basic needs that could be  arranged in order of priority        –there are basic distinctions among those  needs –those needs need to be classified –Alderfer divides them into three  categories • Existence   Relatedness   Growth 10/30/2014 2 Herzberg’s Two‐Factor Theory • Employees have two needs –Hygiene factors • factors that are expected by employees,  and therefore cannot lead to satisfaction • Extrinsic rewards –Motivating factors • factors that lead to satisfaction and can  drive performance  • Intrinsic rewards Herzberg’s Two‐Factor Theory • Employees have two needs –Hygiene factors • factors that are expected by employees,  and therefore cannot lead to satisfaction • Extrinsic rewards –Motivating factors • factors that lead to satisfaction and can  drive performance  • Intrinsic rewards McClelland’s N‐ Achievement Theory • Contends people have three needs – Need for achievement • Usually good managers – Need for power • Usually good leaders – Need for affiliation • Usually do well in jobs with high levels of social  interaction or where interpersonal skills are valued McClelland’s N‐ Achievement Theory • Contends people have three needs – Need for achievement • Usually good managers – Need for power • Usually good leaders – Need for affiliation • Usually do well in jobs with high levels of social  interaction or where interpersonal skills are valued Process Theories • Used to explain how employees can be  motivated to work – Exectancy theory Equity theory–   – Goal setting theory – Reinforcement theory Expectancy Theory • Contends that motivation is related to an  individual’s perception of three factors – Expectancy • The probability that effort will lead to performance – Instrumentality • The probability that performance will lead to certain  outcomes – Valence • The value attached to each outcome