Motivation, Emotion and Stress, Slides of Social Psychology of Emotion

Download Motivation, Emotion and Stress and more Slides Social Psychology of Emotion in PDF only on Docsity! WHS AP Psychology Unit 1: Motivation, Emotion and Stress Essential Task 1-4: Compare and contrast the major theories of emotion James–Lange Theory, Cognitive Appraisal Theory, Schachter two- factor theory, Cannon–Bard Theory and Opponent Process Theory. Motivation & Emotion Stress Sources Measures Theories Effects Coping Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Biological Factors Theories Theories of Emotion James-Lange Cognitive Appraisal Schachter two-factor Cannon-Bard Opponent Process Motivation Systems Operant Conditioning Factors Emotion • The experience of feelings • Emotions may (or may not) activate and influence behavior • It is more difficult to predict the behavior prompted by an emotion. Basic Emotions • Fear • Surprise • Sadness • Disgust • Anger • Anticipation • Joy • Acceptance • Plutchik proposed that there are eight basic emotions Plutchik’s Basic Emotions ( Bodily Reaction Embodied Emotion: The role of the autonomic nervous system The physiological arousal felt during various emotions is orchestrated by the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers activity and changes in various organs. Sympathetic division (arousing) ~ J ~. t, Pupils dilate Decreases Perspires Increases Accelerates Inhibits Secrete stress hormones ye SO EYES Pupils contract SALIVATION Increases SKIN RESPIRATION HEART DIGESTION ADRENAL GLANDS IMMUNE SYSTEM Later, the parasympathetic division calms down the body. Parasympathetic division (calming) Theories 1. James-Lange Theory 2. Cannon-Bard Theory 3. Schachter-Singer Theory 4. Opponent Process Theory 5. Cognitive-Appraisal Theory James-Lange theory 2. James-Lange theory • Testing the theory: • Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order to feel emotions. • Test: Interview people with high vs. low spinal cord injuries High spinal cord injury: “Sometimes I act angry... But it doesn’t have the heat to it that it used to. It’s a mental kind of anger.” Hohman, 1966, pp. 150-151 (Carlson) James-Lange theory • Testing the theory: • Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order to feel emotions. – Results 1: The body may be necessary to have a full emotional experience. James-Lange theory • Testing the theory: • Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order to feel emotions – Results 1: The body may be necessary to have a full emotional experience. • Hypothesis 2: The body can tell you precisely which emotion to feel. – Test: Gave people a dose of adrenaline: “I feel as if I’m angry or afraid” James-Lange theory • Testing the theory: • Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order to feel emotions – Results 1: The body may be necessary to have a full emotional experience. • Hypothesis 2: The body can tell you precisely which emotion to feel. – Results 2: The body is not ALL that is necessary to have a fully emotional experience. Facial-Feedback – Stimuls invokes physiological arousal including movement of facial muscles – Brain interprets facial expression which gives rise to your emotion – Sequence • Stimulus (See snake) • Make a face (fearful) • Brain reads face • Emotion (fear) Cannon-Bard Theory • See snake, run and fear simultaneous • Stimulus to thalamus -- sends simultaneous messages to: – Lymbic system (arousal) – Cortex (fear) Cognitive-Appraisal Theory • Sequence – Stimulus (object, event, or thought) – Appraisal of how this affects your well- being (consciously or unconsciously) – Emotion (fear, anger, happiness, …) – Physiological responses and behavior • For an emotion to occur, it is necessary to first think about the situation. Cognition and Emotion What is the connection between how we think (cognition) and how we feel (emotion)? Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking? 3. The Schachter theory • Testing the theory: • Hypothesis: The same bodily reaction will cause one emotion in one situation, and another emotion in a different situation. – Give people a dose of adrenaline; – Put them in different situations; – What happens? • Testing the theory: • Schachter & Singer 1962: 3. The Schachter theory VERY ANGRY! VERY EXCITED! (know what pill does) Least angry Least excited Medium angry! (didn’t take pill) Medium excited! Opponent Process Theory • Opponent process theory suggests that any given emotion also has an opposed emotion. (Fear/Relief or Sadness/Happiness) • Activation of one member of the pair automatically suppresses the opposite emotion • But the opposing emotion can serve to diminish the intensity of the initial emotion. Two Routes to Emotion ~ / Task Fear eo ys Nd Fear stimulus ~ er es » stimulus Fear Fear response response (a) The speedy low road (b) The thinking high road Emotionsare felt directly through the amygdala (a) or through the cortex (b) for analysis. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/episode4/video.html  CHURCH OF GOD HONK IF YOU LOVE JESUS _TEXT WHILE DRIVING IF YOU WANT TO MEET a4 10:00 AM 10 Aas & cD PAs 2 5 6 7