Motivation Theories: Early & Modern Approaches, Maslow, McClelland, Self-Efficacy, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Business

Download Motivation Theories: Early & Modern Approaches, Maslow, McClelland, Self-Efficacy and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Business in PDF only on Docsity! MOTIVATION- incitement or inducement to fulfill an action. This can drive the employees of an organization to meet their individual goals as well as the company’s goals. KEY ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION  Effort  Organizational Goals  Need STEPS OF MOTIVATION PROCESS 1. Identify unsatisfied needs and motives 2. Tension 3. Action to satisfy needs and motives 4. Goal accomplishment 5. Feedback TWO TYPES OF THEORIES OF MOTIVATION 1. EARLY- represent a foundation from which modern theories have grown. 2. MODERN-they are considered modern not only because they were developed recently but because they represent the current state of the art explaining employee motivation. EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION 1. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS BY MASLOW This theory shows that an individual has a hierarchy of five needs that shapes his reaction to any particular situation. Maslow advanced the following important propositions about human behavior.  The man is a wanting being.  A satisfied need is not a motivator.  A need can be arranged in a number of levels. THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS.  PHYSIOLOGICAL  SAFETY NEEDS  SOCIAL  ESTEEM  SELF ACTUALIZATION 2. THE ERG THEORY This theory shows that a person works on fulfilling these needs simultaneously or separately depending on the difference of goals, status, and the environment. Consist of three groups of core needs;  THE EXISTENCE  RELATEDNESS  GROWTH 3. MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND THEORY In this theory McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. Popularly known as ‘theory x’ and ‘theory y’. THEORY X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held. THEORY Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers, behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man artwork. 4. THE TWO FACTOR THEORY OF MOTIVATION- THE HYGIENE AND MOTIVATIONAL FACTOR A concept that states the factors that affect an individual's satisfaction and motivation level. These two factors are:  JOB SATISFACTION (AFFECTIVE/HYGIENE)  JOB DISSATISFACTION (MOTIVATIONAL) THE MODERN THEORIES OF MOTIVATION. 1. ACQUIRED NEEDS THEORY BY DAVID C. MCCLELLANDS This is a theory that is based on the notion that people’s needs are acquired as they live their lives or through experiences of life. The needs are derived from the reaction to the stimuli in the external environment. This theory classifies them into three motivating drivers.  THE NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT (nAch) - This is the need for personal achievement and is intrinsically motivated by task completion.  THE NEED FOR POWER (nPow) - Power concerns the ability to influence others.  THE NEED FOR AFFILIATION (nAf) - This is the need for connection with others and is accepted (liked by others). It seeks to be emotionally attached and to avoid the pain of rejection. 2. SELF EFFICACY THEORY BY ALBERT BANDURA Follows the principle that people are likely to engage in activities to the extent that they perceive themselves to be competent at those activities. 4 SOURCES OF SELF EFFICACY  PERFORMANCE ACCOMPLISHMENTS/EXPERIENCE  VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE  SOCIAL PERSUASION  PHYSIOLOGICAL FEEDBACK 3. COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY A theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation. This theory suggest that there are two motivation system the intrinsic and extrinsic. INTRINSIC MOTIVATORS- interest of the work. EXTRINSIC MOTIVATORS- the things that come from a person’s environment controlled by others. GENERAL PATTERNS OF MANAGERIAL APPROACHES TO WORK MOTIVATION 1. THE STICK OR AUTHORITARIAN APPROACH  This approach represents the oldest or classical view which compels performance through threats of penalties for failure.