Medical Terminology Midterm Review: 480 Essential Terms, Exams of Medicine

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MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) rtheumatoid arthritis - Correct answer Chronic autoimmune form of arthritis spina bifida - Correct answer a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it scoliosis - Correct answer abnormal lateral curvature of the spine spiral fracture - Correct answer a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart subluxation - Correct answer partial dislocation of a joint vertebrae - Correct answer 26 small bones that make up your backbone synovectomy - Correct answer the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint osteoclasis - Correct answer surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity ankyl/o - Correct answer crooked, bent, stiff burs/o - Correct answer bursa chondr/o; chondr/i - Correct answer cartilage kyph/o - Correct answer bent or hump crani/o - Correct answer skull arthr/o - Correct answer joint cost/o - Correct answer rib lord/o - Correct answer curve, swayback, bent -desis - Correct answer to bind, tie together MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) Acetabulum - Correct answer hip socket ankylosing spondylitis - Correct answer a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae artholysis - Correct answer the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint chondromalacia - Correct answer abnormal softening of cartilage arthrodesis - Correct answer surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint arthroscopy - Correct answer visual examination of a joint comminuted fracture - Correct answer fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed compression fracture - Correct answer occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself craniostenosis - Correct answer a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures hemopoietic, hematopoietic - Correct answer pertaining to the formation of blood cells costochondritis - Correct answer an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum crepitation - Correct answer the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together gout - Correct answer a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints hemarthrosis - Correct answer blood within a joint internal fixation - Correct answer a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) orthotic - Correct answer a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function Osteoarthritis - Correct answer the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis. ostemyelitis - Correct answer inflammation of bone and bone marrow -algia - Correct answer Pain, Suffering dys- - Correct answer bad, painful, difficult -ectomy - Correct answer surgical removal hyper- - Correct answer excessive, increased hypo- - Correct answer Deficient or decreased -itis - Correct answer inflammation -osis - Correct answer Abnormal condition -ostomy - Correct answer the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface -otomy - Correct answer cutting, surgical incision -plasty - Correct answer surgical repair -rrhage - Correct answer bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge -rrhaphy - Correct answer surgical suturing -rrhea - Correct answer flow or discharge -sclerosis - Correct answer abnormal hardening MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) abdominocentesis - Correct answer the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid acronym - Correct answer A word formed from the first letter of each word in a series acute - Correct answer rapid onset, short duration angiography - Correct answer radiographic imaging of blood vessels; The process of recording it appendectomy - Correct answer surgical removal of the appendix arteriosclerosis - Correct answer abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries arthalgia - Correct answer joint pain colostomy - Correct answer a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body cyanosis - Correct answer abnormal condition of bluish discoloration of the skin dermatologist - Correct answer a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin diagnosis - Correct answer identification of a disease diarrhea - Correct answer frequent passage of loose, watery stools edema - Correct answer swelling caused by excessive fluid in body tissues endarterial - Correct answer pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery eponym - Correct answer a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) erythrocyte - Correct answer red blood cell fissure - Correct answer a groove or crack-like sore of the skin or the normal fold in the contours of the brain fistula - Correct answer abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface gastralgia - Correct answer pain in the stomach gastritis - Correct answer inflammation of the stomach gastroenteritis - Correct answer inflammation of the stomach and small intestines gastrosis - Correct answer any abnormal condition or disease of the stomach hemorrhage - Correct answer Excessive or profuse bleeding hepatomegaly - Correct answer enlargement of the liver hypertension - Correct answer high blood pressure hypotension - Correct answer low blood pressure infection - Correct answer Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic organisms inflammation - Correct answer a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues interstitial - Correct answer between, but not within, the parts of a tissue intramuscular - Correct answer within the muscle laceration - Correct answer jagged wound MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) fasci/o - Correct answer fascia, fibrous band fibr/o - Correct answer fiber, fibrous tissue -ia - Correct answer abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium -ic - Correct answer pertaining to kines/o, kinesi/o - Correct answer movement my/o - Correct answer muscle -plegia - Correct answer paralysis, stroke -rrhexis - Correct answer rupture tax/o - Correct answer coordination, order ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o - Correct answer tendon, stretch out, extend, strain ton/o - Correct answer tone, stretching, tension tri- - Correct answer three abduction - Correct answer movement away from the midline adduction - Correct answer movement toward the midline adhesion - Correct answer A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally ataxia - Correct answer lack of muscle coordination atonic - Correct answer lack of normal muscle tone atrophy - Correct answer to waste away bradykinesia - Correct answer slow movement MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) chronic fatigue syndrome - Correct answer A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity. Circumduction - Correct answer circular movement of a limb at the far end contracture - Correct answer the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues Dorsiflexion - Correct answer bending of the foot or the toes upward dyskinesia - Correct answer the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm dystonia - Correct answer a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement epicondylitis - Correct answer inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow ergonomics - Correct answer The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently. exercise physiologist - Correct answer a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness fasciitis - Correct answer inflammation of the fascia fibromyalgia syndrome - Correct answer a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms ganglion cyst - Correct answer a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) heel spur - Correct answer a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia nears its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis hemiparesis - Correct answer slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body hemiplegia - Correct answer paralysis of one side of the body hernia - Correct answer Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it hyperkinesia - Correct answer abnormally increased muscle function or activity hypotonia - Correct answer a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles impingement syndrome - Correct answer occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint insertion - Correct answer The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone or the end opposite the origin muscluar dystrophy (MD) - Correct answer progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system. myasthenia gravis - Correct answer autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles myocele - Correct answer hernia of a muscle myoclonus - Correct answer the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles myolysis - Correct answer degeneration of muscle tissue MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) leuk/o - Correct answer white phleb/o - Correct answer vein tachy- - Correct answer fast, rapid thromb/o - Correct answer clot ven/o - Correct answer vein anemia - Correct answer A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume. aneurysm - Correct answer ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall angina - Correct answer chest pain angioplasty - Correct answer surgical repair of a blood vessel anticoagulant - Correct answer prevents blood clotting aplastic anemia - Correct answer failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow arrythmia - Correct answer Abnormal heart rhythm atherectomy - Correct answer surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery atheroma - Correct answer a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall Atherosclerosis - Correct answer hardening of the arteries atrial fibrillation - Correct answer rapid, random, ineffective contractions of the atrium MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) automated external defibrillator - Correct answer AED - designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required blood dyscrasia - Correct answer any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood bradycardia - Correct answer slow heart rate cardiac arrest - Correct answer complete stopping of heart activity cardiac catheterization - Correct answer thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery cardiomyopathy - Correct answer disease of the heart muscle Cholesterol - Correct answer A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods. chronic venus insufficiency - Correct answer a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves coronary thrombosis - Correct answer damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery defibrillation - Correct answer the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm electrocardiogram - Correct answer record of the electrical activity of the heart embolism - Correct answer the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus embolus - Correct answer A clot that breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream. endocarditis - Correct answer inflammation of the inner lining of the heart MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) Erythrocytes - Correct answer red blood cells Hemoglobin - Correct answer iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells hemolytic anemia - Correct answer reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction Hemostasis - Correct answer to stop or control bleeding ischemic heart disease - Correct answer a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart Leukemia - Correct answer cancer of white blood cells Leukocytes - Correct answer white blood cells Leukopenia - Correct answer Abnormally low white blood cell count megoblastic anemia - Correct answer a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal myocardial infarction - Correct answer MI (heart attack) orthostatic hypotension - Correct answer low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up Pericardium - Correct answer Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart. pernicious anemia - Correct answer lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream phelbitis - Correct answer inflammation of a vein septicemia - Correct answer growth of bacteria in the blood MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) atelectasis - Correct answer collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli bradypnea - Correct answer abnormally slow breathing bronchodilator - Correct answer a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs bronchorrhea - Correct answer excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi bronchoscopy - Correct answer the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope bronchospasm - Correct answer a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Correct answer pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea croup - Correct answer an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough cyanosis - Correct answer bluish discoloration of the skin cystic fibrosis - Correct answer A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems. dysphonia - Correct answer difficulty speaking dyspnea - Correct answer difficult or labored breathing emphysema - Correct answer a progressive condition of destruction of the lung. Alveoli are destroyed and the remaining alveoli enlarge, causing breathlessness. MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) empyema - Correct answer pus in the pleural cavity endotracheal intubation - Correct answer procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway epistaxis - Correct answer nosebleed hemoptysis - Correct answer coughing up blood hemothorax - Correct answer blood in the pleural cavity hypercapnia - Correct answer the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood hypoxemia - Correct answer decreased level of oxygen in the blood hypoxia - Correct answer deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells laryngectomy - Correct answer surgical removal of the larynx laryngitis - Correct answer inflammation of the larynx laryngoscopy - Correct answer the visual examination of the larynx laryngospasm - Correct answer the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx mediastinum - Correct answer space between the lungs nebulizer - Correct answer device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist otolaryngologist - Correct answer specialist in the ear and throat pharyngitis - Correct answer inflammation of the pharynx or throat phlegm - Correct answer thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) pleurisy / Pleuritis - Correct answer inflammation of the pleura pleurodynia - Correct answer pain in the pleura pneumonectomy - Correct answer the surgical removal of all or part of a lung pneumonia - Correct answer An inflammation of lung tissue where the alveoli in the affected areas fill with pus and fluid pneumothorax - Correct answer air in the pleural cavity polysomnography - Correct answer Overnight test that measures physiological processes during sleep pulmonologist - Correct answer physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung pulse oximeter - Correct answer an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood pyothorax - Correct answer pus in the chest cavity sinusitis - Correct answer inflammation of the sinuses sleep apnea - Correct answer a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings tachypnea - Correct answer rapid breathing thoracentesis - Correct answer surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space thoracotomy - Correct answer incision into the chest cavity tracheostomy - Correct answer creation of an artificial opening into the trachea MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) erythema - Correct answer redness of the skin erythroderma - Correct answer redness of the skin Furuncles - Correct answer Boils Granuloma - Correct answer a general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis Hematoma - Correct answer a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues. hirsutism - Correct answer excessive hair growth in women, usually occurring in a male pattern. Impetigo - Correct answer bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture keloid - Correct answer overgrowth of scar tissue keratosis - Correct answer thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage lipedema - Correct answer a chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs lipoma - Correct answer fatty tumor; benign Macule - Correct answer flat, colored spot on the skin malignant melanoma - Correct answer Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. necrotizing fasciitis - Correct answer a severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria; flesh eating bacteria MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) papilloma - Correct answer Benign superficial wart like growth papule - Correct answer small, solid, raised lesion on surface of the skin pediculosis - Correct answer lice petechiae - Correct answer small, pinpoint hemorrhages pruritis - Correct answer itching Psoriasis - Correct answer chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales purulent - Correct answer containing pus rhytidectomy - Correct answer surgical removal of wrinkles Rosacea - Correct answer Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing mostly on the nose and cheeks Scabies - Correct answer contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite scleroderma - Correct answer an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen seborrhea - Correct answer overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum squamous cell carcinoma - Correct answer malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis systemic lupus erythematosus - Correct answer chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs tinea - Correct answer ringworm urticaria - Correct answer hives MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) verracae - Correct answer warts vitiligo - Correct answer localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches wheal - Correct answer small, round, raised area on the skin that may be accompanied by itching; usually seen in allergic reactions xeroderma - Correct answer dry skin aden/o - Correct answer gland adip/o - Correct answer fat anter/o - Correct answer anterior, front caud/o - Correct answer lower part of body, tail cephal/o - Correct answer head cyt/o - Correct answer cell end-, endo- - Correct answer within, inside exo- - Correct answer out of, outside, away from hist/o, histi/o - Correct answer tissue -ologist - Correct answer specialist -ology - Correct answer the science or study of path/o, -pathy - Correct answer disease, suffering, feeling, emotion plas/i, plas/o, -plasia - Correct answer development, growth, formation poster/o - Correct answer behind, toward the back MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) hypogastric region - Correct answer located below the stomach hypoplasia - Correct answer incomplete development of an organ or tissue iatrogenic illness - Correct answer an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment idiopathic disorder - Correct answer an illness without known cause infectious disease - Correct answer A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another. Inguinal - Correct answer pertaining to the groin Medial - Correct answer toward the midline Mesentary - Correct answer layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity midsaggital plane - Correct answer divides the body into equal right and left halves nosocomial infection - Correct answer hospital acquired infection Pandemic - Correct answer an epidemic that is geographically widespread pelvic cavity - Correct answer Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs peritoneum - Correct answer membrane that lines the abdominal cavity peritonitis - Correct answer inflammation of the peritoneum Physiology - Correct answer The study of body function Posterior - Correct answer toward the back MT Midterm Review (480 Terms) Proximal - Correct answer Closer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body retroperitoneal - Correct answer located behind the peritoneum thoracic cavity - Correct answer contains heart and lungs transverse plane - Correct answer horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions umbilicus - Correct answer belly button Ventral - Correct answer belly side