Understanding Muscle Tissues and Function: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac, Slides of Human Biology

Download Understanding Muscle Tissues and Function: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac and more Slides Human Biology in PDF only on Docsity! The Muscular System Docsity.com Muscle Tissues Skeletal – striated, multinucleate, voluntary, 10-100 µm Smooth - found in walls of hollow visceral organs; ex. stomach, bladder, respiratory passages; visceral, nonstriated, involuntary; discuss peristalsis Cardiac – in heart only, striated, involuntary, intercalcated disks Docsity.com Smooth Muscle Tissue Docsity.com Cardiac Muscle Tissue Docsity.com Single muscle cell (fiber) Muscle bundle (fascicle) surrounded x by connective tissue Connective tissue sheath Whole muscle ¥ a ua & ? Bone Docsity.com Copyright & 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Sarcomere Z lines Docsity.com Sarcomere A band Docsity.com Sarcomere I bands Docsity.com Actin (Thin) Filament Thin filament ® Docsity.com Sliding Filament Hypothesis Docsity.com Actin (Thin) Filament No Calcium Ion tropomyosin Docsity.com Biology 100 Human Biology Motor Unit spinal cord motor neurons muscle bundle muscle fibers neuromuscular junctions Docsity.com Neuromuscular junctions branching axon to motor unit muscle fibers Docsity.com Motor neuron Acetylcholine Electrical impulse electrical impulse -~) is carried T tubule e cell's interior by Sarcoplasmic reticulum Pate ral ta from the oplasmic reticulum Muscle cell plasma membrane Myofibrils Z line Coy 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Docsity.com plasma membrane sarcoplasmic reticulum T tubule calcium actin myosin head Docsity.com stimulus latent period period of contraction period of relaxation Muscle Twitch Docsity.com Electrical stimulus Summation o ° = ° -_ 2 ° 0 5 = 0 100 0 100 0 100 200 300 Time (msec) (a) (b) (c) Docsity.com earson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. • Direction of muscle fibers- straight, transverse • Size of muscles- maximus, minimus, longus, brevis • Location- frontalis, temporalis, occipitalis • # of origins- biceps, triceps, quadriceps • location of muscles origin and insertion- sternoclediomastoid- O= sternum and clavicle, I = mastoid process of temporal bone • shape of muscle- deltoid- triangle shape, trapezius- trapezoid shape • action of muscle- adductor muscle (adducts, brings in thigh) Naming skeletal muscles: Docsity.com Frontalis Orbicularis oris Orbicularis oculi Masseter sternocledeomastoid zygomaticus aponerosa temporalis Docsity.com Pectoralis major «Draws arm forward ye and toward the body Deltoid Serratus anterior “Raises ann *Helps raise arm Trapezius «Contributes to pushes * Lifts shoulder blade «Draws shoulder blade forward «Braces shoulder Biceps brachii * Draws head back *Bends forearm at elbow Triceps brachi *Straightens forearm at elbow Latissimus dorsi *Rotates and draws arm Rectus abdominus *Compresses abdomen *Bends backbone *Compresses chest cavity backward and toward External oblique body * Lateral rotation of trunk . *Compresses abdomen en thigh Adductor longus «Rotates thigh laterally *Flexes thigh mani om *Rotates thigh laterally *Draws thigh toward body Sartorius «Bends thigh at hip «Bends lower leg at knee «Rotates thigh outward «Draws thigh backward *Bends knee Gastrocnemius «Bends lower leg at knee «Bends foot away from knee Quadriceps group *Flexes thigh at hips «Extends leg at knee Achilles tendon «Connects gastrocnemius muscle to heel P ot toward knee 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Docsity.com Slow- Twitch Versus Fast- Twitch Muscle Fibers ATP is Generated by: 1. creatine phosphate ADP + creatine phosphate→creatine + ATP 2. lactic acid fermentation From stored glycogen via anaerobic glycolysis; glucose→pyruvic acid (no O2) →lactic acid ↓O2 3. aerobic respiration Krebs→CO2 + H2O + ATP Energy for muscle contraction: ATP is the only energy source ATP→(ATPase + H2O) →ADP + Pi Docsity.com Fast glycolitic: white muscle fibers, low myoglobin, anaerobic glycolysis, few mitochondria, fast twitch fibers, high glycogen stores, short bursts, fatigues easily Slow oxidative: red muscle, aerobic, high myoglobin, low glycogen stores, lots mitochondria, slow, tonic, long distance Fast glycolitic-oxidative: red → pink, aerobic, fast, high myoglobin, intermediate amt. of mitochondria, intermediate glycogen, intermediate fatigue resistance Ratio- red:white (all 3 types in body) Ex. fish- long distance blue fin tuna- mostly red meat quick bursts- yellow tail- more white meat Docsity.com Isotonic and Isometric Contractions Isotonic contraction • Contraction with a change in length • The muscle shortens and movement occurs. Isometric contraction • Contraction without any change in length • The muscle does not shorten and there is no movement produced even though the muscle contracts. Docsity.com [Isometric | Isometric contraction Muscle contracts but does not shorten No movement Movement (b) Eccentric contraction , Docsity.com