NAPSRx Final Exam 2024 / NAPSR Final Exam 2024 (272 Q & A) Guaranteed Pass (A+), Exams of Nursing

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NAPSRx Final Exam 2024 / NAPSR Final Exam 2024 (272 Q & A) Guaranteed Pass (A+) Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product --correct answer--true Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing --correct answer--true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions --correct answer--The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about ____ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues -- correct answer--50% Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry --correct answer--population growth and increased life expectancies According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities --correct answer--partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers --correct answer--false the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines -- correct answer--false one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising --correct answer--false what influences the number of districts in a region --correct answer--the region's population what is an example of the regionalization off healthcare delivery systems -- correct answer--California and Florida have difffernet perscription reimbursment policies the heart of pharmaceutical sales is the regional manager --correct answer-- false most DMs did not start as representatives --correct answer--false how many territories are in a typical district --correct answer--8 to 12 what is the most effective method for grabbing market share --correct answer--comparative selling pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies --correct answer--false it usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product --correct answer--false the pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed --correct answer--true according to chapter 12 of your manual, which of the following would classify as "payers" --correct answer--employers according to your manual, what defines "ethical pharmaceutical companies - -correct answer--researching and developing novel drugs one of the most diappointing results of the pharmaceutical industry's continued investment in R & D is the few new drugs being approved and in development --correct answer--false thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live --correct answer--another 50 years how much has the average american lifespan increased since 1890 --correct answer--almost 30 years what is a treatment group --correct answer--A group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment what is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study -- correct answer--in a double blinded study, neither the study staff nor the after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganisms' or "cancel" cells' abilities to withstand drug effects between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the United States are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactoins --correct answer-- true which statement is true about the universal scale for quantiffying the severity of an adverse drug reaction --correct answer--there is no scale why is noncomplience a serios public healthy concern --correct answer--it increases the cost of medical care which of the following is NOT eligible for patent protection under U.S. regulations --correct answer--companies can be granted patents for all these things drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use --correct answer--true Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. -- correct answer--false Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary by up to ________. --correct answer--20% which of the following statements about biologics is incorrect --correct answer--they do not cause immune response "large molecules" products are developed and manuffactured by a chemical process --correct answer--false what are drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers --correct answer-- agonists Which term denotes how an API works in the body? --correct answer-- mechanism of action What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? --correct answer--binders what does the medical abbreviation "BID" denote --correct answer--twice a day what is the medical abbreviation for "as needed" --correct answer--PRN what components might cause patients' different reactions to brand name and generic drugs --correct answer--differences in inactive ingredients all cells have a nucleus --correct answer--false which of the following does not affect drig response --correct answer--the patients' genetic makeup, age, body size, and use of other drugs and dietary supplements, the patient's other conditions or diseases, whether or not the patient takes the drug properly drug reactions are predictable becasue they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions --correct answer--false what is the typical relationship between a drug's site of administration and site of action --correct answer--they are usually somewhat removed from each other what is CMAX --correct answer--Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve which of the following is not a main concept in clinical pharmacology -- correct answer--pharmacoprocesses which of the following is not a route of drug administration --correct answer--transfugal How are intradermal drugs delivered? --correct answer--by injection under the skin what is an example of intravenous drug delivery --correct answer--an injection of anesthetic directly into the bloodstream what are the major organs of the gastrointestinal system --correct answer-- the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine who is normally responsible for selling to distributors --correct answer-- NAMs How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? --correct answer--sometimes By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. --correct answer--false Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. -- correct answer--true what type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors --correct answer--manufacturer- direct sales what is a group purchasing organization (GPO) --correct answer--an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members Prescriptions dispensed by mail-order pharmacies are, on average, around ____________ than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. --correct answer-- 3 times larger which of the following is not a type of non-stock sale --correct answer-- brokerage sales, dock-to-dock sales, drop shipments what is another term for rebates --correct answer--after-market arrangements the PDMA is the presciption drug manufacturers association --correct answer--false a company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an --correct answer--independent drug store which section of a drug's package insert infformation covers the usual dosage range --correct answer--indications and usage medications are usually unaffected by changes in temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental factors --correct answer--false In which cases can degraded drugs SOMETIMES still be used? --correct answer--when the amount off remaining drug has not fallen lower than 85- 90% of that stated on the label Drug recalls are almost always negotiated with the FDA beforehand. -- correct answer--true Which problem would NOT be improved by electronic prescribing systems? - -correct answer--none: patients "doctor-shopping" for controlled substances, pharmacists misreading prescriptions, physicians wasting time calling pharmacies what should you do if you recieve a shipment from your employer and you notice that there are twice as many samples as what is posted on the packing slip --correct answer--call your sales manager to inform him/ her of the mistake and ask for instructions posted on the packing slip which area of drugs R&D has seen the largest cost increases --correct answer--clinical trials on average, how long does it take for a new drug to be developed (I.e., from the discovery of the initial compound to FDA approval) --correct answer--10- 15 years which of the following regulatory agencies is industry- based (I.c., run mainly by the companies themselves) --correct answer--Pharmaceutical research and manufactures of america (PhRMA) which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process --correct answer--none: an intensive regulatory process, growing demand in the medical community for more complex data about pharmaceuticals, and the increasing number of precedures in Phase III trials the landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients --correct answer--true according to your manual, which type of system is the best wat to deliever healthcare --correct answer--a market-based system how would increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the U.S. healthcare system --correct answer--increased price controls would stifle innovation which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector --correct answer--none: aerospace sector, communications sector, electronics sector what was the intent of the Bayh-Dole Act and Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act --correct answer--to hasten the commercialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used according to your manual, what did the G10 medicines group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the european union (EU) --correct answer--there is poor collaberation between publicly- and privately- funded research concerns The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. --correct answer--true toxicity infformation in preclinical studies helps provide confidence about a drug's safety --correct answer--true pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under good laboratory practice --correct answer--true Why do drugs administered to patients only contain APIs? --correct answer-- they don't which of the following does not affect a drug's ability to permeate membranes --correct answer--the drugs vesicles Through which barriers can lipid-soluble drugs usually pass? --correct answer--cell membranes How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? --correct answer--more quickly than weak basic drugs which of the following routes of administration do no completely bypass the liver --correct answer--rectal administration Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered transdermally? --correct answer--the entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to the target site which of the following does not affect a drug's distribution to its target tissues --correct answer--the drug's lipid-solubility, the drug's polarity, the vascular nature of the drug's target tissue- all these facots affect a drug's distribution to its target tissues which of these medical terms means "to apply the drug on the skin surface" --correct answer--transdermal Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. --correct answer--true According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? --correct answer- -scientific objectives which statement about the IRB in incorrect --correct answer--the members of the IRB/IEC must be experts in the topic of study Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? -- correct answer--phase I and IV trials are often open label, but phase II and III are double blinded or at least blinded If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? --correct answer--surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels NAPSRx Final Exam 2024 / NAPSR Final Exam 2024 (272 Q & A) Guaranteed Pass (A+) Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product --correct answer--true Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing --correct answer--true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions --correct answer--The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about ____ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues -- correct answer--50% Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry --correct answer--population growth and increased life expectancies According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities --correct answer--partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers --correct answer--false the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines -- correct answer--false one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising --correct answer--false what influences the number of districts in a region --correct answer--the region's population what is an example of the regionalization off healthcare delivery systems -- correct answer--California and Florida have difffernet perscription reimbursment policies the heart of pharmaceutical sales is the regional manager --correct answer-- false most DMs did not start as representatives --correct answer--false how many territories are in a typical district --correct answer--8 to 12 what is the most effective method for grabbing market share --correct answer--comparative selling pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies --correct answer--false it usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product --correct answer--false the pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed --correct answer--true according to chapter 12 of your manual, which of the following would classify as "payers" --correct answer--employers according to your manual, what defines "ethical pharmaceutical companies - -correct answer--researching and developing novel drugs one of the most diappointing results of the pharmaceutical industry's continued investment in R & D is the few new drugs being approved and in development --correct answer--false thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live --correct answer--another 50 years how much has the average american lifespan increased since 1890 --correct answer--almost 30 years what is a treatment group --correct answer--A group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment what is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study -- correct answer--in a double blinded study, neither the study staff nor the after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganisms' or "cancel" cells' abilities to withstand drug effects between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the United States are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactoins --correct answer-- true which statement is true about the universal scale for quantiffying the severity of an adverse drug reaction --correct answer--there is no scale why is noncomplience a serios public healthy concern --correct answer--it increases the cost of medical care which of the following is NOT eligible for patent protection under U.S. regulations --correct answer--companies can be granted patents for all these things drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use --correct answer--true Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. -- correct answer--false Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary by up to ________. --correct answer--20% which of the following statements about biologics is incorrect --correct answer--they do not cause immune response "large molecules" products are developed and manuffactured by a chemical process --correct answer--false what are drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers --correct answer-- agonists Which term denotes how an API works in the body? --correct answer-- mechanism of action What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? --correct answer--binders what does the medical abbreviation "BID" denote --correct answer--twice a day what is the medical abbreviation for "as needed" --correct answer--PRN what components might cause patients' different reactions to brand name and generic drugs --correct answer--differences in inactive ingredients all cells have a nucleus --correct answer--false which of the following does not affect drig response --correct answer--the patients' genetic makeup, age, body size, and use of other drugs and dietary supplements, the patient's other conditions or diseases, whether or not the patient takes the drug properly drug reactions are predictable becasue they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions --correct answer--false what is the typical relationship between a drug's site of administration and site of action --correct answer--they are usually somewhat removed from each other what is CMAX --correct answer--Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve which of the following is not a main concept in clinical pharmacology -- correct answer--pharmacoprocesses which of the following is not a route of drug administration --correct answer--transfugal How are intradermal drugs delivered? --correct answer--by injection under the skin what is an example of intravenous drug delivery --correct answer--an injection of anesthetic directly into the bloodstream what are the major organs of the gastrointestinal system --correct answer-- the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine who is normally responsible for selling to distributors --correct answer-- NAMs How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? --correct answer--sometimes By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. --correct answer--false Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. -- correct answer--true what type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors --correct answer--manufacturer- direct sales what is a group purchasing organization (GPO) --correct answer--an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members Prescriptions dispensed by mail-order pharmacies are, on average, around ____________ than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. --correct answer-- 3 times larger which of the following is not a type of non-stock sale --correct answer-- brokerage sales, dock-to-dock sales, drop shipments what is another term for rebates --correct answer--after-market arrangements the PDMA is the presciption drug manufacturers association --correct answer--false a company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an --correct answer--independent drug store which section of a drug's package insert infformation covers the usual dosage range --correct answer--indications and usage medications are usually unaffected by changes in temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental factors --correct answer--false In which cases can degraded drugs SOMETIMES still be used? --correct answer--when the amount off remaining drug has not fallen lower than 85- 90% of that stated on the label Drug recalls are almost always negotiated with the FDA beforehand. -- correct answer--true Which problem would NOT be improved by electronic prescribing systems? - -correct answer--none: patients "doctor-shopping" for controlled substances, pharmacists misreading prescriptions, physicians wasting time calling pharmacies what should you do if you recieve a shipment from your employer and you notice that there are twice as many samples as what is posted on the packing slip --correct answer--call your sales manager to inform him/ her of the mistake and ask for instructions posted on the packing slip which area of drugs R&D has seen the largest cost increases --correct answer--clinical trials on average, how long does it take for a new drug to be developed (I.e., from the discovery of the initial compound to FDA approval) --correct answer--10- 15 years which of the following regulatory agencies is industry- based (I.c., run mainly by the companies themselves) --correct answer--Pharmaceutical research and manufactures of america (PhRMA) which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process --correct answer--none: an intensive regulatory process, growing demand in the medical community for more complex data about pharmaceuticals, and the increasing number of precedures in Phase III trials the landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients --correct answer--true according to your manual, which type of system is the best wat to deliever healthcare --correct answer--a market-based system how would increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the U.S. healthcare system --correct answer--increased price controls would stifle innovation which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector --correct answer--none: aerospace sector, communications sector, electronics sector what was the intent of the Bayh-Dole Act and Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act --correct answer--to hasten the commercialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used according to your manual, what did the G10 medicines group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the european union (EU) --correct answer--there is poor collaberation between publicly- and privately- funded research concerns The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. --correct answer--true toxicity infformation in preclinical studies helps provide confidence about a drug's safety --correct answer--true pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under good laboratory practice --correct answer--true Why do drugs administered to patients only contain APIs? --correct answer-- they don't which of the following does not affect a drug's ability to permeate membranes --correct answer--the drugs vesicles Through which barriers can lipid-soluble drugs usually pass? --correct answer--cell membranes How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? --correct answer--more quickly than weak basic drugs which of the following routes of administration do no completely bypass the liver --correct answer--rectal administration Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered transdermally? --correct answer--the entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to the target site which of the following does not affect a drug's distribution to its target tissues --correct answer--the drug's lipid-solubility, the drug's polarity, the vascular nature of the drug's target tissue- all these facots affect a drug's distribution to its target tissues which of these medical terms means "to apply the drug on the skin surface" --correct answer--transdermal Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. --correct answer--true According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? --correct answer- -scientific objectives which statement about the IRB in incorrect --correct answer--the members of the IRB/IEC must be experts in the topic of study Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? -- correct answer--phase I and IV trials are often open label, but phase II and III are double blinded or at least blinded If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? --correct answer--surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels Effective drug therapy is a cost-effective and highly valuable means of controlling total healthcare expenditures and improving quality of life. -- correct answer--true Drug Utilization Review (DUR) programs --correct answer--have traditionally been used to ensure the appropriate, safe, and effective use of prescription drugs, but are increasingly shifting their focus to minimizing costs. DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians' prescribing patterns. --correct answer--true A formulary is a list of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage. - -correct answer--true The history of drug formularies in the U.S. extends back to... --correct answer--the american revolution which of these is not a type of formulary --correct answer--All of these are types of formularies: A. a closed three-tier formulary in which generic drugs are listed on Tier 1 B. a five-tier formulary that is supplemented by a step therapy program C. an open formulary that places few restrictions on coverage or access which of the following is not a recent formulary trend --correct answer--the repeal of hatch-waxman What did the Hatch-Waxman Act do? --correct answer--make it easier for generic manufacturers to compete with R&D companies What is opportunity cost? --correct answer--the valuse of a sacrificed alternative according to your manual, the three primary entities that fund pharmaceuticals are employers, the government (medicare and medicaid) and --correct answer--individuals which of these individuals would not be a member of a P&T committee -- correct answer--a company's medical liason Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. --correct answer--false pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploiting another's brand than in acquiring another's R&D and sales and marketing assets --correct answer--false ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin -- correct answer--during phase II clincal trials which of the following is an example of a "expressive" value --correct answer--"I own a BMW becuase I want people to know that I'm a serious driving enthusiast according to you rmanual, which of the following is not an example of a "functional" value --correct answer--uniqueness It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify --correct answer--true To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. --correct answer--true With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. --correct answer--false How has DTC advertising changed over the last few decades? --correct answer--DTC advertising has become an essential marketing tactic for both large and small brands which of the following most strongly influences physicians' prescribing habits --correct answer--doctors' personal experiences, and their patients' unique situations pharmaceutical companies spend more onpromotional activities than on R&D --correct answer--false which of the following would be most well-served by mass-market print and tv adds --correct answer--a brand that treats a very common chronic condition which of the below is the least commonly analyzed fluid for conducting a medical diagnostic test --correct answer--salive "gold standard" testing achieves the greatest results amoung the diagnostic testing measurements. gold standards provide the best understanding of what is happening to a patient so cost is not a factor when deciding to run these tests routinely --correct answer--false every test has some risk. the risk may be the possibility off injury during the test, or it may be the need for further testing if the results are abnormal -- correct answer--true for genetic testing, which of the below cell materials is not commonly used for examination to check abnormalities off chromosomes, genes (including DNA) or both --correct answer--urine there are 4 common test sites for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. which of the below is not one of them --correct answer--the bottom bone of the foot DEXA is the only method that may be used to make a definitive diagnosis of osteoporosis and to monitor the response to treatment --correct answer-- true which of the below tests uses a small needle censors (electrodes) to record the esetrical activity in selected muscles and peripheral nerves during rest - -correct answer--electromyography (EMG) wearable and implantable test technologies currenlty in development will allow for constant monitoring off body chemistry and collection of previously inaccessible data --correct answer--true diagnostic tests are never used to detect, confirm, or rule out the presence of a disease or medical condition --correct answer--false according to your manual, family physicians diagnose and treat approximately what proportion of patients they see (as ossposed to reffering them to specialists) --correct answer--95% which of the following are steps on the product adoption continuum -- correct answer--all: adoption, awareness, evaluation which of the following would be classified as a type of somatic psychiatric treatment --correct answer--drug therapy Why is the last 10 minutes of each hour usually the best time to make office visits to psychiatrists? --correct answer--psychiatrists are usually on their way to the hospital at that time What is/are an advantage/s of selling to residents? --correct answer-- residents are often more open-minded What is drug utilization review (DUR)? --correct answer--an MCO's practice of monitoring prescribing patterns what is the focus of the short call protocol --correct answer--beginning with a specific patient type Who is the Medical Science Liaison (MSL)? --correct answer--someone employed by a pharmaceutical company who builds relationships with thought leaders and acts as an informational resources what type of feducation do MSLs typically have --correct answer--graduate- level science degrees how do companies typically judge the MSL team's contributions --correct answer--return on education what differentiates "push through" programs from "pull through" programs --correct answer--sales representatives are more involved in "pull through" programs which of these are a type of "pull through" program --correct answer--all: adherence/ persistency, educaitonal support, theropeutic intervention becasue pharmaceutical sales reps mostly out of their homes, it is not important that they work well in a team environment --correct answer--false what is the most likely reason that a doctor would lack interest in one of your clinical studies --correct answer--the doctor does not like the way you are presenting it which of the following are an effective method for researching the 65+ market --correct answer--all: being a medicare part d information resource, knowing the physician-payer mix, taking advantage of partenership programs when a physician visits your hospital display, you should begin the converstation by asking "can I help you" --correct answer--false which of the following is not a rule in making the most out of your sales calls --correct answer--your agenda, not theirs Specialty care products are often prescribed by generalist physicians. -- correct answer--false side effects that might be considered merely minor annoyances in acute treatment can be a powerfful barrier to adoption in chronic therapies -- correct answer--true Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. --correct answer--true in some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician --correct answer-- true Blockbuster drug status typically translates into sales of just under $10 million annually. --correct answer--false A generic drug manufacturer's greatest challenge is often to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. --correct answer--true what differentiates an "orphan" drug from a "blockbuster" drug --correct answer--orphan drugs typicalluy treat rare conditions How long are most calls and visits to physicians' offices (excluding waiting and driving time)? --correct answer--only a few minutes which of the following is not a step in managing rumoms --correct answer-- counter attack according to the text, which of the following is considered "going to the next level" --correct answer--staying focused what is one of the primary job responsibilities of a retail pharmacist -- correct answer--dispensing pharmaceuticals what is not one of the ways in pharmaceutical companies and representatives categorize their customers --correct answer--companies and agents categorize their patients in all of these ways which of the following are relatively new prescription drug benefits covered under the medicare prescription improvement & modernization act --correct answer--Medicare part D which term means "disease producer" --correct answer--pathogen which type of blood cell plays the most prominent role in fighting infection and disease --correct answer--white blood cell which of the following generally resides on a cell surface (or in the cytoplasm) and causes a biological change or activity when stimulated -- correct answer--receptor renal pertains to --correct answer--kidneys what term denotes the practice of locating genes on a chromosome --correct answer--gene mapping What field is MOST concerned with drug effects due to slight genetic differences? --correct answer--pharmacogenomics Which entity or entities fund/s the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? -- correct answer--United States federal government