HSCI 2230 Unit 2 Study Guide: Microbiology Concepts and Antimicrobial Agents - Prof. Charl, Study notes of Microbiology

Download HSCI 2230 Unit 2 Study Guide: Microbiology Concepts and Antimicrobial Agents - Prof. Charl and more Study notes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity! HSCI 2230 Unit 2 Study Guide Spring 2013 Set 2 terms - narrow spectrum agents toxemia broad spectrum agents intoxication selectively toxic necrosis true pathogen localized, systemic, focal infections antigens opportunistic pathogen mixed infection antibodies virulence factors edema primary & secondary infections chemotaxis sequelae acute, chronic, subacute infections etiologic agent signs, symptoms fomite virulence factors lysosome suffixes -itis means an inflammation; For example: hepatitis – inflammation of the liver; otitis media – inflammation of the middle ear -emia means associated with the blood; For example: bacteremia – bacteria in blood; viremia -viruses in blood -osis – means a disease or morbid process. It is frequently added to the names of pathogens to indicate the disease they cause, for example: salmonellosis -oma – means tumor. For example, melanoma, lymphoma, carcinoma February 13 W & February 15 F 1. What type of organisms are the most resistant to physical and chemical methods of control? Least resistant? 2. What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection? 3. List cellular targets of physical and chemical agents. 4. The effectiveness of a particular antimicrobial treatment is governed by several factors. List them 5. Describe how each of the following physical methods suppresses microbial growth. a. heat b. cold c. desiccation d. ionizing and nonionizing radiation e. filtration 6. Define the three levels of chemical decontamination procedures and place the following chemical agents in their appropriate category. a. gaseous sterilants – ethylene oxide b. aldehydes c. phenol & its derivatives d. hydrogen peroxide e. halogens - chlorine, iodine f. soaps & detergents g. alcohols 7. How does soap and alcohol work to kill germs? February 18 M Chapter 12 8. How many children died of an infectious disease before age 5 in the early 1900s? 9. Study Table 12.1 characteristics of the ideal antimicrobial drug. 10. Where do most antibiotics come from? 11. What are 4 mechanisms of antimicrobial drug action? 12. Know how penicillin, vancomycin, zithromax and amoxillcillin work. 13. What is competitive inhibition? 14. List 2 genetic events that cause microbes to become resistant to drugs. 15. Explain 4 general mechanisms of drug resistance. 16. Why are there so few antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral drugs? 17. What are 3 adverse effects of antimicrobic drugs on the host? February 20 W 18. What is the difference between infection and disease? 19. Where do you find normal flora? 20. Which sites of the body are microbe-free? 21. List several factors that predispose a person to disease. 22. List 3 portals of entry. 23. Describe an infectious dose. 24. List several mechanisms of adherence. 25. List several examples of exoenzymes and their activities. 26. What is the difference between exotoxins and endotoxins? 27. What are the 4 periods of disease and what occurs during each? February 22 F 28. What are reservoirs of infection? 29. List several measures that health care providers must exercise to prevent nosocomial infections. 30. What are the 3 most common sites for nosocomial infections? 31. What are the 3 most common causes of nosocomial infections? 32. What are Koch’s postulates? 33. What is involved in the first, second and third lines of defense? 34. List several physical barriers at the body’s surface. 35. Describe plasma. How is it different from serum? 36. List and describe the function of the 5 types of leukocytes. 37. What are the functions of the lymphatic system? 38. What is lymph and how is it formed? 39. What is the function of a lymph node? 40. What are the stages of inflammation? 41. What are the functions of inflammation? 42. What are some benefits of fever? 43. List some characteristics of interferon. 44. What does complement do? 45. Compare the innate and adaptive immune responses. February 25 M & February 27 W 46. What are the 2 branches of the adaptive immune system? 47. Describe the structure of antibodies. 48. List several characteristics for each of the 5 classes of antibodies. (Table 15.2) 49. What happens after antibodies bind to antigen? 50. Describe antigens. 51. Differentiate between the primary and secondary immune responses. 52. How does the Cellular Immune System distinguish between “self” and “nonself”? 53. List the 3 types of T cells and their functions. March 1 F & March 4 M Vaccines 54. Name 4 diseases that have been dramatically reduced or eradicated because of vaccines? 55. We can now protect children from how many vaccine preventable diseases? 56. Disease rates have been reduced by what percent in the U.S.? 57. Study Table 16.1: Requirements for an effective vaccine. 58. List 4 general types of antigens used for vaccines. 59. Know the specific details about vaccines for the following: Salk polio (IPV), chickenpox, tetanus, HiB, Hepatitis B virus and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). 60. Which type(s) of vaccines are safe for people with weakened immune systems? Hint: the ones that do not replicate in the body.) 61. What are the advantages and disadvantages of live vaccines? 62. Why do some people think vaccines cause autism? 63. When was thimersol removed from routine child vaccines? 2001 64. What is an adjuvant? 65. What is artificial passive immunity? 66. What is gamma globulin used to treat? March 6 W Exam 2 The important thing to remember is that if you don’t have that inspired enthusiasm that is contagious- whatever you do have is also contagious.