Exercise Science: Anatomy and Physiology Questions, Exams of Health sciences

Download Exercise Science: Anatomy and Physiology Questions and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! NASM FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS. After leaving the left ventricle, blood enters which of the following structures? Select one: a. Superior vena cava b. Aorta c. Inferior vena cava d. Pulmonary artery - ANS Aorta Which of the following joints is between the metacarpals and phalanxes? Select one: a. Condyloid b. Pivot c. Saddle d. Hinge - ANS Condyloid According to continuing education requirements, which of the following is true? Select one: a. Accumulate 2 units of approved continuing education each year. b. Accumulate 2 units of approved continuing education every 2 years. c. Accumulate 3 units of approved continuing education each year. d. Accumulate 3 units of approved continuing education every 2 years. Check - ANS Accumulate 2 units of approved continuing education every 2 years. Which of the following muscles is a synergist during the seated cable row exercise? Select one: a. Latissimus dorsa b. Pectorals major c. Biceps brachia d. Rotator cuff - ANS Biceps brachia The autonomic nervous system contains which of the following subdivisions? Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Somatic c. Peripheral d. Central - ANS Sympathetic Page 1 of 21 Increased force output of the synergists for hip extension to compensate for the weakened gluteus Maximus is an example of which of the following? Select one: a. Autogenic inhibition b. Synergistic dominance c. Davis's law d. Arthrokinetic dysfunction - ANS Synergistic dominance According to the sliding filament theory, muscular contraction occurs when Select one: A. actin and myosin filaments slide away from each other. B. myosin cross bridge power strokes the actin filament across the myosin. C. the distance from Z line to Z line is increased. D. myofibrils are lengthened. - ANS myosin cross bridge power strokes the actin filament across the myosin. During a 40-yard dash, the hamstring complex begins to do most of the work for a weakened gluteus Maximus. This is an example of which of the following concepts? Select one: a. Force-couple relationships b. Synergistic dominance c. Length-tension relationships d. Arthrokinematic dysfunction - ANS Synergistic dominance Which of the following tests should a trainer use in his cardiorespiratory assessment to determine in which heart rate training zone the training should begin? Select one: a. Shark skill test b. Davies test c. YMCA step test d. L.E.F.T. test - ANS YMCA step test The Durnin-Womersley formula's four sites of skinfold measurement include which of the following anatomic locations? Select one: a. Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and iliac crest b. Chest, maxillary, abdominal, and thigh c. Calf, gluteal, adductor, and oblique d. Supraspinale, anterior deltoid, thoracolumbar fascia, and hamstring Check - ANS Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and iliac crest Page 2 of 21 c. Ball cobra d. Ball bridge - ANS Ball cobra While performing the overhead squat assessment, the personal trainer observes a client demonstrating a low back arch movement dysfunction. Which of the following muscles is probably overactive? Select one: a. Latissimus dorsa b. Rectus abdominals c. Biceps femora’s d. Gluteus Maximus - ANS Latissimus dorsa During a single-leg squat assessment, a personal trainer notices his client's knee drifting inward. Which of the following muscles is probably underactive? Select one: a. Adductor braves b. Gluteus mediums c. Biceps femora’s d. Vast us laterals - ANS Gluteus mediums A personal trainer is working with a client who regularly wears high heels. The trainer should expect to see over activity or tightness in which of the following tissues? Select one: a. Gastrocnemius, soleus, and Achilles tendon b. Anterior tibias, extensor halluces longs, and personal brave’s tendon c. Extensor digit rum longs, peroneus tortious, and posterior tibia tendon D. Popliteal, graceless, and patellar tendon - ANS Gastrocnemius, soleus, and Achilles tendon Front lunges and biceps curls occur in which plane of motion? Select one: a. Frontal b. Scapular c. Transverse d. Sagittal - ANS Sagittal Which of the following static stretches is most appropriate if a client's feet turn outward during the overhead squat test? Select one: a. Gastrocnemius stretch b. Scalene stretch Page 5 of 21 c. Erector spine stretch d. Sternocleidomastoid stretch - ANS Gastrocnemius stretch When performed at an appropriate tempo, which of the following exercises would offer the best improvement of the power of a client's pectorals major? Select one: a. Single leg throw and catch b. Medicine ball rotation chest pass c. Floor push-ups d. Ball dumbbell chest press - ANS Medicine ball rotation chest pass Which of the following exercises is an appropriate training modification for a client who is taking medication for hypertension? Select one: a. The Valhalla maneuver b. Exercises in prone and supine positions c. Ball combo II d. Peripheral heart action resistance exercises - ANS Peripheral heart action resistance exercises A client has coronary heart disease, is obese, and is beginning an exercise program after receiving clearance from her physician. The trainer should Select one: A. use the talk test to measure anexercise’s intensity. B. employ plyometric-stabilization training. C. use prediction formulas to estimate the client's max heart rate. D. implement a 4-2-1 repetition tempo. Check - ANS use the talk test to measure anexercise’s intensity. Which of the following exercises is most appropriate for a client in the hypertrophy phase of the OPT model? Select one: a. Barbell squat b. Single-leg Romanian dead lift c. Seated stability ball military press d. Multiplan step-up to balance - ANS Barbell squat A client has been training three times per week in the hypertrophy phase for the last two weeks. He has worked with a repetition range of 8 to 12 repetitions, at an intensity of 80% to 85%, and rested for 20 to 30 seconds in between each exercise. He is no longer improving his strength and has expressed feeling fatigued. Which of the following modifications should be made to minimize the effects of overtraining? Page 6 of 21 Select one: a. 3 repetitions, 95% intensity, and rest for 30 seconds in between each exercise b. 5 repetitions, 90% intensity, and rest for 20 seconds in between each exercise c. 8 repetitions, 75% intensity, and rest for 60 seconds in between each exercise d. 15 repetitions, 100% intensity, and rest for 3 minutes in between each exercise - ANS 8 repetitions, 75% intensity, and rest for 60 seconds in between each exercise Contracting the quadriceps while performing a hamstring stretch will cause which of the following effects? Select one: a. Reciprocal inhibition of the hamstrings b. Arthrokinetic dysfunction of the hamstrings c. Synergistic dominance of the quadriceps d. Relative flexibility of the quadriceps - ANS Reciprocal inhibition of the hamstrings Which of the following is a balance-strength exercise? Select one: a. Single-leg balance and reach on Aired pad b. Multiplan step-up to balance c. Single-leg lift and chop d. Single-leg hop-up with stabilization - ANS Multiplan step-up to balance A client reports acute soreness and tightness in her calf muscle after a long run. She describes feeling knots in the muscle. Which of the following flexibility techniques should the client use first? Select one: a. Static stretching b. Self-myofascial release c. Active-isolated stretching d. Dynamic stretching Check - ANS Self-myofascial release When performing a single-leg squat exercise, a client is unable to keep the knee of the balance leg in line with the toes. Which of the following exercises is an appropriate modification? Select one: a. Single-leg balance reach b. Multiplan lunge to balance c. Box hop-up with stabilization d. Single-leg squat touchdown - ANS Single-leg balance reach Page 7 of 21 Select one: A. inner thigh. B. lateral thigh. C. axillary region. D. posterior hip. - ANS posterior hip. Dynamic stretching uses which of the following concepts to improve soft tissue extensibility? Select one: a. Synergistic dominance b. Reciprocal inhibition c. Relative flexibility d. Mitotic stretch-reflex Check - ANS Reciprocal inhibition When performing the static latissimus dorsa ball stretch, which of the following is a correct body position? Select one: a. Posteriorly rotated pelvis b. Anteriorly rotated pelvis c. 90° internally rotated homers d. 90° horizontally abducted homers - ANS Posteriorly rotated pelvis Which of the following pairs is an example of a Phase 2 Strength Endurance Training superset? Select one: a. Barbell squat and single-leg touchdown b. Single-leg squat and stability ball row c. Single-leg squat and ball squat d. Squat jumps and barbell squats - ANS Barbell squat and single-leg touchdown With respect to the general adaptation syndrome, delayed-onset muscle soreness would most likely occur during which of the following phases? Select one: a. Alarm reaction b. Resistance development c. Remodeling d. Exhaustion - ANS Alarm reaction Which of the following rep ranges is optimal for maximal strength adaptations? Select one: Page 10 of 21 a. 1 to 5 b. 6 to 12 c. 13 to 20 d. 21 or greater - ANS 1 to 5 Which of the following exercises should be avoided when working with a diabetic client? Select one: a. Proprioceptive plyometric b. Seated cable row c. Chest press machine d. Incline prone is-abs - ANS Proprioceptive plyometric Which of the following is a primary adaptation of a high-volume, low-intensity resistance training program? Select one: a. Decreased HDL cholesterol b. Increased metabolic rate C. Increased resting heart rate d. Increased rate of sarcopenia - ANS Increased metabolic rate A trainer is working with a client who is developing endurance in her legs using light weights and high repetitions. Which of the following principles of specificity is being used? Select one: a. Neuromuscular b. Contractile c. Mechanical d. Metabolic - ANS Mechanical Which of the following is an example of a core-stabilization exercise? Select one: a. Rotation chest pass b. Back extension c. Reverse crunch D. Two-leg floor bridge - ANS Two-leg floor bridge A client performs a ball squat curl to press followed by a push-up, a standing cable row, a single-leg caption, and a single-leg squat in a circuit fashion. This is an example of which of the following resistance training systems? Select one: a. Vertical loading system Page 11 of 21 b. Split-routine system c. Peripheral heart action system d. Pyramid system - ANS Vertical loading system Which of the following is an example of a peripheral heart action system? Select one: a. Performing exercises with an increase in weight for each set b. Performing two exercises of similar joint dynamics in rapid succession c. Performing a circuit of exercises, alternating upper and lower body movements d. Performing all sets of an exercise before moving on to the next exercise Check - ANS Performing a circuit of exercises, alternating upper and lower body movements Which of the following is necessary for actin and myosin filaments in the sarcomere to have the greatest degree of overlap? Select one: a. Optimal length-tension relationships b. Optimal relative flexibility c. Optimal autogenic inhibition d. Optimal synergistic dominance - ANS Optimal length-tension relationships For the last three months, a personal trainer has been working with a client who has coronary heart disease. Which of the following should the trainer consider when progressing the training program? Select one: a. Avoiding resistance training b. Including exercises with a 4/2/1 tempo c. Incorporating a circuit training format program. d. Adding supine core exercises - ANS Incorporating a circuit training format program. Training with an intensity range of 30% to 45% of a one-repetition maximum and a repetition tempo of X/X/X is associated with which of the following adaptations? Select one: a. Endurance b. Stabilization c. Power d. Hypertrophy - ANS Power Which of the following exercises should an intermediate client perform with a repeating tempo? Select one: Page 12 of 21 Select one: a. Protein b. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Alcohol - ANS Lipids A personal trainer is advising a client on caloric distribution. Which of the following falls within the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for protein? Select one: a. 60% b. 50% c. 40% d. 30% - ANS 30% Large doses of beta-carotene intake can cause an increased risk for which of the following? Select one: a. Hip fractures in older women b. Birth defects if taken early in pregnancy c. Lung cancer in smokers d. Alzheimer's disease in the elderly - ANS Lung cancer in smokers Which fatty acids are predominately implicated to raise low-density lipoproteins cholesterol levels? Select one: a. Monounsaturated b. Polyunsaturated c. Omega-3 d. Saturated - ANS Saturated Which popular diet has a carbohydrate content greater than 60%? Select one: a. Ketogenic diet b. Zone diet C. South Beach diet D. Dean Cornish diet - ANS Dean Cornish diet Which of the following is an acceptable macronutrient distribution range for adult carbohydrate intake? Select one: A. 16 g/kg/day Page 15 of 21 B. 12 g/kg/day C. 8 g/kg/day D. 4 g/kg/day - ANS 8 g/kg/day Excess intake of vitamin D can lead to Select one: A. bone and joint pain. B. calcification of arteries. C. osteopenia. D. loss of hair. - ANS calcification of arteries. Which of the following is the maximum carbohydrate percentage recommended for a sports drink? Select one: a. 14% b. 12% c. 10% d. 8% - ANS 8% Decreased levels of thyroid hormones tend to cause a decrease in Select one: A. resting metabolic rate. B. diastolic blood pressure. C. systolic blood pressure. D. resting heart rate. - ANS resting metabolic rate. Holding a static stretch for a prolonged period of at least 30 seconds causes which of the following neuromuscular phenomena? Select one: a. Synergistic dominance b. Remodeling c. Autogenic inhibition d. Pattern overload Check - ANS Autogenic inhibition For clients whose goal is to gain lean body mass, which of the following is a basic nutritional guideline? Select one: a. Ingestion of protein and fat within 120 min of a workout will increase recovery and protein synthesis, maximizing gains. b. Protein should generally make up the highest percentage of macronutrient calories. Page 16 of 21 c. Eat 4 to 6 meals per day. d. Consume sports drinks containing up to 8% carbohydrate when exercising for less than 60 min. - ANS Eat 4 to 6 meals per day. A pregnant client decides to start taking a multivitamin under the supervision of her doctor. Which of the following attributes of her multivitamin could be harmful during the early stages of pregnancy, with the potential of causing birth defects? Select one: a. 700 µg Vitamin A b. 2.4 µg Vitamin B12 c. 400 µg Folic acid d. 30 µg Biotin - ANS 700 µg Vitamin A Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of symptoms characterized by what conditions? Select one: a. Obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia b. Hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, sarcopenia, hypotension c. Osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis d. Plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, sciatica, biceps tendinopathy - ANS Obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia The purpose of asking an open-ended question during a client's initial session is to Select one: A. get a clear "yes" or "no" answer. B. understand a client's true motivation and invite discussion. Correct this is the primary goal of an open-ended question. C. identify a client's resting heart rate and VO2 max. D. get an idea of a client's muscular imbalances. - ANS Which of the following is the best example of a directive question? Select one: a. Is it important for you to reach your goal by this summer? b. Why do you want to lose 20 pounds? c. What are you trying to achieve? d. How have you tried to lose weight in the past? - ANS Is it important for you to reach your goal by this summer? An individual exercises regularly but has not yet maintained the behavior for 6 months. In which of the following sections of the Stages of Changemodel is this individual? Select one: a. Contemplation Page 17 of 21 a. Instructing a client to take weight-loss nutritional supplements b. Referring a client with hypertension to a cardiologist c. Designing meal plans for a client who has diabetes d. Providing rehabilitation services to a client after a knee surgery Check - ANS Referring a client with hypertension to a cardiologist A 70-year-old client goes to see a personal trainer to regain cardiovascular fitness after a recent heart attack. The trainer has not received written clearance from the client's doctor prior to the first training session, but the client has already completed 10 training sessions with a different trainer. What is the appropriate course of action for the trainer to take? Select one: a. Obtain permission from the personal training manager to continue training. b. Monitor the client's blood pressure before every workout session. c. Postpone training sessions until written clearance is received from the doctor. d. Have the client sign an additional liability waiver. - ANS Postpone training sessions until written clearance is received from the doctor. Which of the following is outside of the personal trainer's scope of practice, according the Code of Professional Conduct? Select one: a. Independently design training programs to correct muscle imbalances b. Provide flexibility training techniques to assist clients with medical clearance in adapting to past surgeries that limit their physical movement c. Inquire about current and past medications the client has been administered by a healthcare professional d. Provide nutritional counseling for a client who exhibits signs of an eating disorder - ANS Provide nutritional counseling for a client who exhibits signs of an eating disorder Which of the following actions falls within a personal trainer's scope of practice regarding a client's nutrition? Select one: a. Provide individual nutrition assessment b. Write individualized meal plans c. Recommend nutritional therapy d. Discuss food preparation methods - ANS Discuss food preparation methods Which of the following actions falls outside a personal trainer's scope of practice? Select one: a. Develop an exercise program for an obese client with hypertension and medical clearance for exercise. Page 20 of 21 b. Perform various movement and postural assessments on a client to determine potential muscle imbalances. c. Educate clients regarding nutrients contained in foods or supplements. d. Counsel a client with anorexia about the health benefits of a well-balanced diet. - ANS Counsel a client with anorexia about the health benefits of a well-balanced diet. Which of the following requirements is necessary for a personal trainer to recertify his NASM-CPT certification? Select one: a. Submit an online CPR and first aid certification. b. Acquire 20 hr. of hands-on work experience. c. Earn 2 continuing education units. d. Complete a 10-hr internship or apprenticeship. Check - ANS Earn 2 continuing education units. Which of the following falls within a personal trainer's scope of practice regarding nutrition? Select one: a. Provide a client with a detailed individual nutrition assessment. b. Write individualized meal plans for a client. c. Recommend nutritional therapy for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. d. Discuss the relationship between chronic diseases and specific nutrient deficiencies. - ANS Discuss the relationship between chronic diseases and specific nutrient deficiencies. Page 21 of 21