National Counselor Examination Study Guide: Questions and Answers on Psychology Concepts, Exams of Career Counseling

Download National Counselor Examination Study Guide: Questions and Answers on Psychology Concepts and more Exams Career Counseling in PDF only on Docsity! National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ A. Inside motivation B. Interior motivation C. Intrinsic motivation D. Idealistic motivation - correct answer C. Intrinsic motivation Which of the following is not an example of extrinsic motivation? A. Employee performance improves when wages are increased B. A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan C. Children finish a task more quickly if they are promised candy D. A student studies more on a test to make the highest grade in the class - correct answer B. A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan Which of the following socioeconomic factor could affect the outcome of therapeutic counseling? Choose all that apply. A. Lack of transportation B. Lack of intrinsic motivation National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers C. Lack of positive cultural norms for entering therapy D. None of the above - correct answer A. Lack of transportation C. Lack of positive cultural norms for entering therapy What is the meaning of transference/countertransference relationships? Choose all that apply. A. A client transferring their relationship with another onto the therapist B. The therapist transferring their relationship with another onto the client C. Transferring the blame or outcome of behavior onto someone else D. None of the above - correct answer A. A client transferring their relationship with another onto the therapist B. The therapist transferring their relationship with another onto the client What is one instance that might cause a clinician to break the strong code of client confidentiality? A. Feeling the need to talk B. Duty to warn C. When the therapist is going on vacation National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Continuous reinforcement schedule - correct answer reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs Partial reinforcement schedule - correct answer reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement fixed ratio schedule - correct answer a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a predetermined number of responses What strength of reinforcement does fixed ratio schedule produce? - correct answer a high, steady rate of responses. What schedule of reinforcement is: giving a subject a piece of candy after they answer five questions correctly - correct answer Fixed ratio National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers variable-ratio schedule - correct answer a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses What strength of reinforcement does variable-ratio schedule produce? - correct answer High, steady rate of responding What schedule of reinforcement is: a slot machine - correct answer variable-ratio fixed-interval schedule - correct answer a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed What schedule of reinforcement is: a subject being rewarded after two minutes of activity and then after each two minutes of activity? - correct answer fixed-interval variable-interval schedule - correct answer a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers What schedule of reinforcement is: rewarding a subject after one minute of activity, three minutes of activity, six minutes of activity, and so on... - correct answer variable-interval In operant conditioning, reinforcement ______________ behavior and punishment _______________ behavior. - correct answer Increases, Decreases What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? - correct answer Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus, negative reinforcement either removes a noxious stimuli (buckling seatbelt to get rid of beeping) or behavior avoids noxious stimulus (studying to avoid bad grades) A counselor asks her client what day it is, where he is right now, and what his name is. The counselor is gathering info for what part of the mental status examination? - correct answer Sensorium What characterizes Generation "X" group, which refers to individuals born between 1965 and 1976? - correct answer Wanting exciting jobs and keeping options open National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers -also, responses that are immediately negatively reinforced are are less likely to occur in the future. Cognitive theories of psychology focus on what? - correct answer a persons thought processes, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Aaron Beck is what kind of theorist?? - correct answer Cognitive -believed people had automatic thoughts which are spontaneous negative cognitive distortions. -negative thoughts affect a persons behavior. -regardless of disorder a person is experiencing - he believed if negative thoughts could be identified, they could be evaluated and replaced - which would then change the response or behavior Filtering, Polarized thinking, Overgeneralization, Catastrophizing, Personalization, Control Fallacies, Blaming, Shoulds, Emotional Reasoning, and Always being right - are examples of what? - correct answer Cognitive Distortions Filtering - correct answer negative details of a situation are National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers magnified and all positive details of the situation are deleted. The person then dwells on the negative of the situation. Polarized thinking - correct answer Situations, People or places are either "all or nothing". For example, a person either loves or hates others, or perceives situations as "the best ever" or "the worst ever" Overgeneralization - correct answer Based on one experience or little information, a person draws a conclusion. For example if a person got into a car accident at a store parking lot, they might come to view the store as dangerous and refuse to return Catastrophizing - correct answer A person expects the worst, even when there is evidence to suggest otherwise. For example, a person might not apply for a job, thinking they won't get it anyway - so why bother? Personalization - correct answer The belief that every response is directed at the person and that they are the cause of external events or feelings. For example, a victim may National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers blame themselves for leaving their house for work late, perceiving that their own lateness was the cause of the car accident. Control Fallacies - correct answer A person sees himself or herself as a victim and believes that the external world has an inordinate amount of control over him or her. For example "I wouldn't have forgotten my work assignment if my boss didn't give me so much work". There are also internal control fallacies where a person views themselves as responsible. For example, "My boss is mad at me because he didn't greet me today". There are also fallacies of control, which is a belief that life in general is not fair. Blaming - correct answer A person blames others for their situation, such as attributing the cause of negative behaviors to others actions. Shoulds - correct answer A belief in the "should and should nots" For example someone might think, "I should eat healthier. I should not eat all these chips. If i was stronger, I wouldn't be so fat" National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Assimilation - correct answer adding to an existing schema as new stimuli or situations are experienced Accommodation - correct answer The process of changing our current schema, or the development of an entirely new schema Equilibration - correct answer The balance between assimilation and accommodation. Developmental Theories - correct answer focus on the growth and development of humans at certain ages across the lifespan. They attempt to explain how a person develops emotionally or psychologically. Some theories believe that the stages are continuous, while others feel they are discontinuous. What does it mean if one believes stages of development are discontinuous? - correct answer a human being could not move past a developmental stage until the issue or crisis was resolved. National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Freud's believed - correct answer human beings possess an inherent sexual energy, which he labeled as libido. Libido which is present from birth, develops over 5 stages. He believed that personality was developed by the successful completion of these stages and was fully developed by puberty. He also believed if a stage was unresolved, the person would be fixated at this stage which would lead to mental disorders etc. Freud's Psychosexual Stages - correct answer oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage oral stage - correct answer Freud's first stage of psychosexual development, (birth to about age 1 or 2) during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center. Oral stage fixation - correct answer If child is neglected, or when the child has to wean from the breast or bottle, they become upset. fixation in adulthood is a smoking habit Anal stage - correct answer Freud's second stage of psychosexual National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers development (1 to 3 years) pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; gratification from the ability to independently control physical elimination Anal stage fixation - correct answer Conflict occurs if the child is excessively punished for their inability to control their bowels, or if they are exposed to rigid scheduling. Fixation would be someone who is compulsively clean or neat, in which case they would be known as "anal retentive" phallic/yonic stage - correct answer Freud's third stage of psychosexual development (3 - 6 years) A child focuses on their own genitalia. The child realizes there are differences between males and females. phallic/yonic stage fixation - correct answer Freud believed that conflict that occurs in this stage that he called the oedipus complex, where he felt that a child subconsciously longs for the attention of their parent of the opposite sex. This stage is still considered controversial in the psychological world. Latent Stage - correct answer Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development (6 years - puberty) This is a time where a National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers (Trust vs Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Ego Identity vs Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs Stagnation, Ego Integrity vs Despair) Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust - correct answer (Infants, 0 - 1 year) The first stage of Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development centers around the infants basic needs being met by the parents. If warmth, regularity, affection - trust If parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet the child's basic need - mistrust Major developmental task in infancy is to learn whether or not other people especially primary caregivers regularly satisfy basic needs. Will: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - correct answer (Toddlers, 2 - 3 years) National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers The second stage of Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development where as the child gains control over eliminative functions and motor abilities, they begin to explore their surroundings. Parents who provide patience and and encouragement - autonomy Restrictive parents instill doubt and reluctance to attempt new challenges - shame and doubt As they gain increased muscular coordination and mobility, toddlers become capable of satisfying some of their own needs. Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt - correct answer (Preschool, 4 - 6 years) The third stage of Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development where initiative adds to autonomy the quality of undertaking, planning and attacking a task for the sake of being active and on the move. learning basic skills and principles of physics - things fall down, not up. round things roll, zip pants, tie shoes. Wants to complete his own actions for a purpose National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Guilt is confusing - may feel guilty over things that logically should not cause guilt. Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority - correct answer (Childhood, 7 - 12 years) The fourth stage of Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development where the aim to bring a productive situation to completion gradually supersedes the whims and wishes of play. Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion - correct answer (Adolescents, 13 - 19 years) The fifth stage of Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development where the adolescent is newly concerned with how they appear to others. Search for meaning for oneself, as evidenced in the promise of a career. In later stages of adolescence child develops sense of sexual identity. Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation - correct answer (Young Adults, 20 to 34 years) National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers suggests personality is influenced by our needs (psychogenic needs) These are at an unconscious level, but have a great impact on our personality. Two types of needs: Primary - biological needs such as the need for food water and shelter Secondary - psychological or emotional needs, such as the need to be cared for or nurtured, need for independence, and success. Murray identified 24 needs that each person has. Ambition needs, Materialistic needs, Power needs, Affection needs, Information needs. Horneys List of Neurotic Needs - correct answer Believed neurosis was a result of anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships 10 neurotic needs classed into three broad categories -needs that move you towards others -needs that move you away from others -needs that move you against others National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Big Five Dimensions of Personality - correct answer The proposed five basic dimensions of personality Openness to experience Conscientiousness - thoughtfulness, good impulse control, goal-directed behaviors Extraversion Agreeableness - altruism Neuroticism - those high in this trait tend to experience emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability and sadness Borderline Personality Theory - correct answer Marsha Linehan - Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) - believes disorder is developed due to environmental situations that occur through childhood - called this the Invalidating Environment - person who is emotionally vulnerable has an excessive autonomic nervous system response to stress - level of distress causes an irrational behavioral and emotional response "emotional dysregulation" 4 key skills trained in DBT: - correct answer -core mindfulness skills -interpersonal effectiveness skills National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers -emotion modulation skills -distress tolerance skills David Kolb - correct answer has one of best known models of learning styles - he believed that individual learning styles evolve from personal genetics, as well as the environment. David Kolbys identified 4 learning styles: - correct answer The converger - high ability in abstract conceptualization and active experimentation the diverger - high ability in concrete experience and reflective observation the assimilator - high ability in abstract conceptualization and reflective observation the accommodator - high ability in concrete experience and active experimentation Charles Spearman - correct answer creator of "g-factor", or general National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers behaviors to internal causes. Most commonly seen when outcome is negative. The bystander effect - correct answer The finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help. Diffusion of responsibility Attachment Theory - correct answer Bowlby's theory that bonds formed in infancy to their caregivers have a huge impact that continues throughout the child's life. Theory states when caregiver is emotionally available and responsive to needs - secure Ainsworth's Strange Situation Test - correct answer A parent-infant "separation and reunion" procedure that is staged in order to test the security of a child's attachment. three major styles of attachment: 1. secure - upset when leaves, happy when return 2. ambivalent-insecure - high distress when leaves, can't be consoled 3. Avoidant-insecure - no preference between caregiver and stranger, no distress upon leaving, no joy when National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers return (generally seen in children who have been abused or severely neglected) Later added: Disorganized attachment: confusing mix of behavior and the child may both avoid or resist the parent Stages of attachment - Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson - correct answer 4 distinct phases of attachment: -Pre-attachment stage (birth - 3 mo.) -indiscriminate stage (6 weeks - 7 mo) - desire for primary and secondary caregivers -Discriminate attachment (7 - 11 mo.) - attachment to a specific caregiver clearly observed -multiple attachments (9 mo. +) - begin to attach to others Problems: lack of secure attachment can lead to many mental health issues including Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), or borderline personality disorder Research suggests children adopted after 6 mo have higher risk of attachment problems National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers 3 approaches to Abnormal Psychology - correct answer Behavioral - observable behaviors Medical - biological causes on mental illness Cognitive - internal thoughts, perceptions and reasoning contribute to psychological disorders. Categories of Psychological Disorders: - correct answer -adjustment disorders -mood disorders -anxiety disorders -developmental disorders DSM V uses what kind of approach to diagnosing? - correct answer multiaxial Axis I: Clinical Syndromes Axis II: Developmental Disorders and Personality Disorders Axis III: Physical Conditions Axis IV: Severity of Psychosocial Stressors Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers worry and nervousness, can also have physical complaints without medical reasoning, and can interfere with daily living. Ex. Panic attack, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive, and PTSD According to DSM V diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders includes: - correct answer 1 - distress that is marked and excessive for what would be expected from the stressor 2 - creates significant impairment in school, work, or social environments. symptoms must also occur within 3 months of exposure to the stressor and must not last longer than 6 months after exposure to the stressor Adjustment Disorders - correct answer Key symptoms of adjustment disorders is the development of symptoms due to a known stressor. There is a known environmental, situational, or even medical reason for the change in feelings and/or behavior. National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Psychotic disorders - correct answer symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and impairment in reality testing. Ex. schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform Developmental Disorders - correct answer mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments; manifested before the individual attains age 22 Impulse-control Disorders - correct answer involves an inability to control impulses, resulting in harm to oneself or others. Types of impulse-control disorders: - correct answer Intermittent Explosive Disorder Kleptomania - stealing Pathological Gambling Pyromania - fire starting Trichotillomania - hair pulling dermatillomania - skin picking Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition: - correct answer Ex. Psychotic disorder due to epilepsy, National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers depression caused by diabetes, AIDS related psychosis, Personality changes due to brain damage Neurocognitive Disorders - correct answer those that involve cognitive abilities such as memory, problem solving and perception. Types: Alzheimer's, Delirium, Dementia, Amnesia Axis II - correct answer for those with developmental disabilities or personality disorders There are 3 types of personality disorders: - correct answer Eccentric, Dramatic, and Anxious Eccentric Personality Disorders - correct answer paranoid - interprets others actions as threatening schizoid - detached from social relationships schizotypal - uncomfortable in close relationships, thought or perceptual distortions National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Marital/Couples Therapy - correct answer Therapy that has a therapist and either both spouses or significant others Family Therapy - correct answer Therapy with the therapist and either a child and parent/guardian or children and parent(s)/guardian(s). Support Groups - correct answer Not run by therapist. where persons with a similar issue meet together at a certain place and time to support each other through the crisis or issue. Examples are 12 step programs or grief and loss group. Peer to peer counseling - correct answer relies on nonprofessionals assisting others who share the same issues. often used with kids or adolescents in school or therapeutic schools or residential settings Play therapy - correct answer Can be used with adults, but mostly with kids or clients with autism. This approach uses items such as puppets, dolls, doll houses, and games to work with the client on expression National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Art Therapy - correct answer Uses expressive arts such as painting, drawing, sculpting to help a person express their emotions and thoughts through forms and not words. utilizes a persons creative faculties in the area of art to develop their physical and emotional health. It assists in increasing well-being. Often used for those who are young or have difficulty with expressive language (autism). Music Therapy - correct answer uses sound or use of instruments to promote a sense of self-awareness, feeling of over-all well-being and ability to express themselves Psychoanalysis - correct answer Developed by Freud, this approach uses analysis of word association, dream interpretation and fantasy interpretation. The process of seeks to identify how the mind and its thought processes effect behavior Behavioral Therapy - correct answer Therapy that focuses on changing behavior through classical conditioning and operant conditioning National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) - correct answer Approach that focuses on teaching a person how to identify their thinking effort and replace them with positive thinking. This change will produce an improved outcome (consequence) and thus alter a person's mood positively. Person Centered (Rogerian) - correct answer This approach is non-directive, and often uses reflection from the therapist to assist the person in increasing awareness and to promote self-actualization Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) - correct answer Approach most associated for treatment for persons with Borderline Personality Disorder. Approach teaches 4 core skills to help a person to obtain emotional regulation Humanistic Therapy - correct answer Therapeutic approach that looks at the uniqueness and positive attributes of an individual. Adlerian - correct answer The focus is to assist a person in adapting their feelings of inferiority. Believes that a persons behavioral patterns and beliefs stem from their childhood National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers ex. jobs - construction, architecture, farmer, truck driving (I)nvestigative - analytical, like to explore, not necessarily social high traits - scholarly, intellectual, critical; low traits - powerful, ambitious, adventurous ex. jobs - dentist, biologist, IT, chemist (A)rtistic - interested in music, literature, emotional or creative arts high traits - expressive, creative, spontaneous; low traits - orderly efficient conventional, social, masculine ex. jobs - writer, journalist, artist, musician, poet (S)ocial - interested in educating, helping fields, human or social services high traits - cooperative, friendly, humanistic; low traits - ambitious, creative, strong ex. jobs - Therapists, social workers, nurses, police officers (E)nterprising - highly verbally skilled, a natural leader, very persuasive National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers high traits - ambitious, adventurous, energetic; low traits - intellectual, creative, feminine ex. jobs - CEO, executive director, lawyer, judge, politician (C)onventional - likes to have rules and routines both personally and professionally, have respect for power and status high traits - stable, efficient, dependable, controlled; low traits - intellectual, adventurous, creative ex. jobs - accountant, bank clerk, tax preparer Holland Types (RIASEC) - most masculine, feminine, prestigious, least prestigious? - correct answer most masculine - R & E most feminine - A & S most prestigious - I & E least prestigious - R & C Career Development uses Bandura social Learning theory, focuses on 4 areas: - correct answer - performance accomplishments - vicarious learning - social persuasion - physiological states and affective reactions National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers *our past influence our career goals Banduras theory has Triadic Reciprocal Model of Causality, they are: - correct answer -personal attributes -external environmental factors -overt behaviors Super's Developmental Self-Concept Theory - correct answer vocational development is the process of developing a self-perception over time. Stages: Growth (Birth - Mid teens) - task: develop self-perception: shift from play to work orientation - Fantasy (4 - 10 yrs) career fantasies - interest (11 - 12 yrs) identifies personal interests as a basis for career choices - capacity (13 - 14) becomes more focused on skills that meet requirements of jon National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers 5. outlook on the vocational field 6. induction and advice: reasonable and objective 7. general helpfulness Krumboltz's Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) - correct answer - based on social learning model and emphasizes the importance of learning experiences and their effect on occupational selection - believed that individuals unique learning experiences over their life is what influences career choice influences: -from meeting learned standard in one's experiences and performance -to cope with the environment -career entry behavior -career decision making -from multiple factors that include cognitive processes, influences from the environment, and one's own individualized inherited personal characteristics and traits. Krumboltz theory believes positive and negative experiences both impact a persons career beliefs. In addition, unpredictable social and environmental National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers conditions also have an influence. Because of these influences, the career counselor should focus on what 5 skills: - correct answer -curiosity -persistence -flexibility -optimism -risk-taking Tiedeman Decision Making Theory for Career - correct answer believes that a person is accountable for ones own choice and behavior. believes that when a person view the situation as possibly having a negative outcome, it has impact on their decision to engage in behavior. - in terms of career, if a person believes they may fail, they will not try. In contest, if they believe they can be successful, they will often attempt Tiedeman believed there were 7 stages in decision making: - correct answer 1. Exploration 2. Crystallization 3. Choice 4. Clarification National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers 5. Induction 6. Reformation 7. Integration Pneumonic Device Memory Trick: Tiedeman EX-cited CRY-ing CH-imp CL-ients INDUCT-ed RE-ptiles INTE-ntly Reardon Cognitive Information Processing 5 steps (CASVE) - correct answer - counseling practices based on problem solving and decision making 5 steps: (C)ommunication - external demands (A)nalysis - enhance self-knowledge, occupational knowledge, generic information processing skills National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers inferential statistics - correct answer data is used to make inferences about population characteristics through the process of hypothesis testing longitudinal study - correct answer research of a group over an extended period of time matched-subjects designs - correct answer subjects are matched on one or more similar variables or characteristics to reduce between groups variability mean - correct answer a measure of central tendency in an average set of scores: Average median - correct answer measure of central tendency, which gives value of the middlemost score: middle value mode - correct answer value that occurs the most often in a set of scores National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers naturalistic observation - correct answer recording of the behavior that is occurring naturally without the observer effecting the pattern or behavior nominal scale - correct answer data is sorted into different categories null hypothesis - correct answer belief that the independent variable will not effect the dependent variable and if an effect occurs, it was by chance observational research - correct answer the systematic study of behavior of a subject or subjects, as it occurs in the environment ordinal scale - correct answer a scale of measurement where data are put in order, but where there is fixed amount of difference between the points on the scale placebo effect - correct answer a positive result when no treatment was received. Subject in the control group National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers random sampling - correct answer subjects are selected randomly or in lottery scale reliability - correct answer the consistency with which the same measure produces similar results time after time significance - correct answer low probability that the results occurred by chance, and would be more likely attributed to the treatment significance level - correct answer type 1 error: when the null hypothesis is correct, but rejected standard deviation - correct answer calculated from the square root of the variance in order to give a value in the same range as raw scores. The standard deviation is the spread of scores around the mean of the sample standard error - correct answer the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean of one sample National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers MMPI-2 - correct answer -not meant for healthy personalities -measures for personality traits that ar dysfunctional such as: paranoia, mania, social ineptness, masculinity/femininity, and other psychopathology traits. bandura social learning theory indicated that not all behavior is through observation. There are also other ways to learn behavior. What statement best describes his theory? - correct answer - Attention - Retention - Reproduction - Motivation You have a client that comes to you because their spouse of 20 years has passed away 1 year ago. She complains of feeling depressed, cries all the time, feels like she can talk to him and see him, has difficulty completing tasks and has trouble going to work and has called in 10 times during the past two months. And often thinks of suicide. The proper diagnosis at this time is? A. Major Depression B. Adjustment Disorder National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers C. Psychosis D. Major Depression with Suicidal Features - correct answer A. Major Depression Amanda is a22 year old client with a history of legal involvement for marijuana. She used marijuana daily and also distributed marijuana. Amanda has begun drinking at least a 6 pack almost daily. She also not has a DUI. She has not used or sold marijuana in over a year. What is her diagnosis? - correct answer Alcohol Dependent Career Development is crucial to many clients. Who developed the theory regarding fields and levels? - correct answer Roe To understand career development, the theory of career maturity was developed by what theorist? - correct answer Crites Mindfulness Cognitive Therapy is best used for what conditions? - correct answer Medical and Emotional Maslow viewed the needs of security and safety to include: National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers A. Financial B. Health C. Overall wellness D. All of the above - correct answer D. All of the above Bowlby is noted for his theory on attachment. Which is the correct statement regarding his theory? - correct answer Secure, Ambivalent, Avoidant, Disorganized Watson created a behavioral psychology theory. He believed that human beings respond to their environment based on external stimuli and not internal stimuli. He believed that all human beings can change their behavior through through a process known as conditioning. What is the best statement that describes his theory? - correct answer Behaviors can be changed through classical or operant conditioning The most noted behaviorists are: - correct answer Watson, Skinner, Pavlov, Thorndike National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers per day. In your initial session you find out that she has had 5 pregnancies and has 4 children. When discussing the loss of one of the pregnancies, Jessica begins to cry. The loss of the pregnancy was 3 years ago and then she became pregnant quickly after. Her youngest child has significant disabilities. Jessica reported she began to use painkillers after the birth of her last child. Given this information, what is a potential diagnosis? - correct answer Major depression with post partum onset Morality, problem solving, acceptance of facts, non judgmental responses and creativity are all part of what level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? - correct answer Self-Actualization You receive a request from a client to release records to the court. You have not been this client's counselor in over 10 years. What is the standard for record retention - correct answer 5 years Which words are associated with the term independent variable? A. response variable B. Predictor variable C. coefficients National Counselor Examination Study Guide Questions And Answers D. all of the above - correct answer D. All of the above Aaron Beck is best associated with what theory? - correct answer Cognitive theory