National Media and its positive effects, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Mass Communication

Download National Media and its positive effects and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Mass Communication in PDF only on Docsity! National Media and its Positive & Negative Effects. National media operate within the boundaries of a specific nation-state and cover news that are of interest to a broader public, but are also territorially defined and bound. They cover news and events that are of interest to a national public within the national frontiers. Media affects people's perceptions and priorities their thinking about the political contents. Media shapes the public's behavior about the issues and plays vital role in highlighting certain attributes of issues. Gatekeepers of the media i.e. (editors, news editors, and other journalists) they all play central role in shaping the media agenda which becomes public agenda after sometime. Media of any country is reflection of that country. It shows that how person behave and live in their country. The way of expressing news, way of talking of politicians in political debates and discussion programs shows the behavior of people of that country. Although media's responsibility is to spread true stories but media should be careful in this regard. They have to adopt such a way in which they could aware public without impacting negatively their mind sets and make them able to protest in a true manner which could result oriented. Pakistan broadcasting corporation At the time of independence, there were only three radio stations in Lahore, Peshawar and Dhaka in Pakistan. Radio Pakistan Lahore broadcasted the news of independence Pakistan on 14th august 1947.Pakistan broad Casting Corporation was established in december 1972. It has board of directors consisting of a chairman, a director general and six directors. Media in Pakistan Media in Pakistan provides information on television, radio, cinema, newspapers, and magazines in Pakistan. Pakistan has a vibrant media landscape; among the most dynamic in South Asia. To a large extent the media enjoys freedom of expression in spite of political pressure and direct bans sometimes administered by political stake holders. Political pressure on media is mostly done indirectly. One tool widely used by the government is to cut off ‘unfriendly’ media from governmental advertising. Using draconian laws the government has also banned or officially silenced popular television channels. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) has been used to silence the broadcast media by either suspending licenses or by simply threatening to do so. In addition, media is also exposed to propaganda from state agencies, pressured by powerful political elements and non-state actors involved in the current conflict. Emergence of Private Tv Channels in Pakistan Surprisingly, the free electronic media in Pakistan was initiated by a dictator General Musharraf, though he had his own interests to present himself as a democrat President before the West. Growth of Satellite system facilitated it technical side. President Musharraf to project Enlightened Moderation and democratic image. Multinationals’ advertisements provided huge income to make the business viable. The peoples interest in watching their issues instead of traditional dramas and movies. The world after 9/11 and talk shows got the attention of the Pakistanis and the Muslim world. Talented anchor persons became the voice of the people. Fewer readerships and more viewer ship due to busy life spread the culture of watching. Availability of TV sets due to China imports and cheap manufacturing in Pakistan. New local government system in 2001 and 2002 the urgency to provide electronic media at the grass-roots level. Allowing media freedom was not a choice for Pakistan’s establishments. It was their compulsion. During the Kargil conflict the Pakistani establishment had learnt the bitter lesson that PTV commanded only a limited audience. People watched Zee News and other Indian channels to get the other side of the story. In this backdrop it was decided the Pakistan needed its own independent electronic media channels. Media freedom in Pakistan is complicated, journalists are free to report on most things. however any articles critical of the Government or the Military and related security agencies are automatically censored. Anything perceived as blasphemous by the country's Blasphemy laws are also automatically subject to censorship. The blasphemy laws are also used to block website based free media such as YouTube and others. The security situation for journalists in general has deteriorated in decade. At least 61 journalists have been killed since 2010 with at least 14 journalists killed in 2014 alone. A climate of fear impedes coverage of both state security forces and the militant groups. Threats and intimidation against journalists and media workers by state and non-state actors is widespread. In its 2018 Press Freedom Index, Reporters without borders ranked Pakistan number 139 out of 180 countries based on freedom of the press. While Freedom House in its latest report listed the media in Pakistan as "partly Free". Since 2002, the Pakistani media has become powerful and independent and the number of private television channels have grown from just three state-run channels in 2000 to 89 in 2012, according to the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority. Most of the private media in Pakistan flourished under the Musharraf regime. Pakistan has a vibrant media landscape and enjoys independence to a large extent. After having been liberalized in 2002, the television sector experienced a media boom. In the fierce competitive environment that followed commercial interests became paramount and quality journalism gave way to sensationalism. Although the radio sector has not seen similar growth, independent radio channels are numerous and considered very important sources of information - especially in the rural areas. The Pakistani media reflects a multi-linguistic, multi-ethnic and class-divided society. There is a clear divide between Urdu and English media. The Urdu media, particularly the newspapers, are widely read by the masses - mostly in rural areas. The English media is urban and elite-centric, is more liberal and professional compared to the Urdu media. English print, television and radio channels have far smaller audiences than their Urdu counterparts, but have greater leverage among opinion makers, politicians, the business community and the upper strata of society. .Authentic information by the competent scholars. .Solutions of answers of publics’ questions which remain unheard and unexplained. .Highlights religious events like Moharram, Eid, Mairaj and the holy Ramadan. .Sectarian harmony is minimized by putting forward the views of competent and enlightened Ulamas. Negative Effects of media in different aspects of life Political gimmick •Blackmailing by the media persons to get personal gains as now practically, media is not answerable before any institution. •Sensationalism of news to get cheap popularity. •To show one as Evil and other as Liberator by continuously repeating the comments or visuals. Social Evils •Vulgarity due to inflow of foreign culture. The English and Indian channels are affecting the moral of the youth. •Time wastage due to constant watching the dramas. •More materialism by diminishing simplicity. •Generation gap is increasing on account of fast approach towards life. Religious impressions •Weakening religious impressions due to foreign culture and time wastage. Pakistan's media should understand that it presents the country which is of high importance not only for Islamic world but also for peace in whole world. Media should become highly sensitive towards its responsibilities while presenting this country to the world and guiding the people of Pakistan to bring out the country from the sea of issues. Pakistan's media tell the world that what is Pakistan in fact, what think of Pakistani people towards world issue. It depicts the culture of Pakistan. It is its responsibility to tell the whole world that what is Islam and what are implications of Islam in Pakistan. Most of hot channels of media are highly politicized whereas they should cover cultural and religious norms and values of Pakistan. Some of the media channels are totally Islamic whereas others are highly ultra mod. This shows existence of two totally different cultures in Pakistan whereas Pakistan was achieve done the name of Islam which has one Book, one Prophet (P.B.U.H), one Allah and one culture. This type of media with totally two different sectors creating a cultural gap in Pakistan. This cultural gap is increasing hatred groups. Our media showing world existence of two totally different cultures in Pakistan and directs people to divide in two groups one with fundamental thoughts and other with secular thoughts. For a peaceful environment and a democratic culture, it is important for all media channels to preserve real culture of Pakistan which is neither extremist and, nor ultra mode. Sensationalism in the Media What is sensationalism? Dog bites Man. This is old news. We already know the outcome. Man bites Dog. This is sensationalism: it immediately stirs the listener’s mind and is the cause for great hype. The dramatic background music, images of clashes between security officials and civilians, and riots all form a part of sensationalism, enticing the viewer to turn on the television set. Whatever the truth, does not matter, television is selling, making money and that is the true motive. On the other hand the growing trend in broadcast media for attracting anchors on heavy remunerations, anchors who possess skills of creating sensationalism and who spice news with hypothesis, is an example of how media channels are departing from objectivity and balanced reporting. Furthermore, the frequent switching of anchors from one channel to another mainly for economic gains in utter disregard of the basic ethos of the journalistic profession also supports the argument that broadcast media in Pakistan is headed for over-commercialization. These channels sometimes most of the time have been guilty of over- doing things with their moment-by-moment commentary. Give them some time (a decade at least!), they’ll mature over time. Also they would just cut anybody, a politician would be there talking and they will cut him inthe middle saying buhat buhat shukriya app ka. During the Lal masjid episode she even once said to DG ISPR app qaum ko koi pegham denachahin ge. he said, BB main yahan apni duty de raha hoon, qaum ko pegham dene nahin aya.The claim of Sub se pehley has started a mad race. The media has realized its power and ability to penetrate an innocent mind and they are exercising it so savagely. The private channels are owned by big investors with a purpose to enhance business. They have to afford massive expenses, so, competition to excel others makes them irresponsible. In order to attract more view ship and resultantly more commercials-they even sometimes forget the damage caused to national interest. A bold and blunt anchor person undermines the set standards. The petty events are heightened. Tiny is made mighty and vice versa-on the grounds of personal grudges or at the behest of the owners. Moreover still, the mood of the public is not as mature as in the strong democracies due to lack of education and weak sociopolitical and cultural norms. Challenges to Media The violence stricken areas like FATA, Balochistan, and the journalists are terribly vulnerable.. It has curbed the free flow of information. Pakistan is facing conflict of ideologies between conservative and secular approaches. Therefore media is cautious in debating on such sensitive issues by big groups is also obstructing the expansion of smaller channels. The government indirectly restricts media by withholding advertisements PEMRA have frequently threatened to cancel the license. Also other government agencies pressurize. The political issues are so debated that other social, religious and psychological aspects are not properly addressed. Though the media as an institution enjoys enormous power and influence, media organizations are not charity houses: they operate as businesses and have commercial interests. There is a natural tendency to indulge in corruption and malpractice when an institution enjoys absolute power, particularly in the absence of a strong system of accountability. Our country is rapidly drifting towards destruction due to the ever-increasing corruption and poor governance. Since independence, corruption and mismanagement have become common norms. Now media has to work hard to sweep the dirt. As a result, the government considers it as humiliation and defeat. The anchors like Kamran khan, Dr Shahid Masood, Hamid Mir,luqman Mubasher, Talat Hussain etc. have successfully criticized missing people, steel mills case, Kerry Lugar bill, NRO, rental projectors, victimization by members of the assemblies and the inside stories of DEALS with each other. This government has no ability or a morally upright resource to take cognizance of it; our attorney-general has resigned due to corruption charges, the minister for parliamentary affairs has been named in a corruption case involving tens of million rupees and it is needless to mention the conduct of our ex-chief justice Abdul Hameed Dogar.The banning of Meray Mutabiq is unacceptable to 170 million Pakistanis who believe in the freedom of speech. This is an attack on free speech and the media by the current regime which must be resisted. Dr Shahid Masood has been bringing the facts before the nation. He is a professional journalist and must be allowed to continue his show. Suggestions •The media as an institution and fourth estate is accountable to the public and responsible for its actions. Media practitioners should stop thinking they are above the law. Let the media introduce an internal scheme of checks and balances. Undoubtedly, this is an uphill task. •Accountability of the media is not possible under the disputed regulatory regime. Media organizations and civil society should jointly constitute a commission for this task. The recent coming together of several leading TV channels to frame rules for terrorism coverage is a step in the right direction. This move may help purge the elements abusing the power of the media in violation of the public mandate. •The aim of media activism should be to strengthen the weak and vulnerable segments of society. It is they who need our support, activism is not merely reporting but it involves deep passion and research. •While covering a big story, especially in the war zones, the human sides of a conflict are often ignored by the general media. Here media activism can play its true role in reminding the world of the miseries and sufferings of the ignored segments of society. •In the same context the NRO has made even the highest office of the country questionable. In such an environment it is the honest and straight-forwarded media which can make some difference by acting as a pressure group and the recent action of the government amounts to treason. •First and foremost, media must help in stabilizing the national institutions and national socio-economic, political and administrative structure by pointing out the flow and appreciating any rod work done by the