National Pesticide Applicator Certification Core Manual: Pesticide Application and Safety, Exams of Pest Management

Download National Pesticide Applicator Certification Core Manual: Pesticide Application and Safety and more Exams Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity! National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Using barriers to prevent pests from getting into an area is an example of which type of pest management method? - correct answer Mechanical Making use of plant varieties that are naturally resistant to insect feeding is an example of which type of pest management method? - correct answer Genetic Define biological control - correct answer The use of natural enemies (predators, parasites, pathogens and competitors) to control pests and their damage. Sealing cracks and crevices and small openings in buildings is an example of which type of past management method - correct answer Physical Define cultural control - correct answer Practices that reduce pest establisment, reproduction, dispersal and survival. (Ex: mowing) National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Monitoring pests at airports that pose a serious threat to public health or widespread damage to crops/animals is an example of which type of pest management method - correct answer Regulatory What is integrated pest management (IPM) - correct answer A pest management strategy that utilizes a wide range of pest control methods/tactics. The goal of this strategy is to prevent pests from reaching damaging levels with least risk to thr environment Why practice IPM - correct answer Helps keep a balanced ecosystem, pesticides can be ineffective, saves money, promotes healthy environment, maintains good public image Give an example of a preventative pest management stratedy - correct answer Planting weed and disease free seed on an athletic field, cultural controls to prevent seedy plants from reproducing, choosing plant and harvest times to lessen pest problems, using practices that conserve natural enemies Define action threshold - correct answer The pest lebel at which some type of pest National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Which group of pesticides is exempt from registration because it poses little or no risk to humans and the environment - correct answer Minimum risk Where is the common name of an active ingredient listed - correct answer First. The chemical name comes after it What is the purpose of a signal word - correct answer Indicates products relative acutely toxicity to humans and animals DANGER signal word - correct answer Signals that the product is highly toxic by at least one route of entry. Can cause severe eye damage or skin irritation WARNING signal word - correct answer Signals that the product is moderately National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers toxic either orally, dermally, or through inhalation or causes moderate eye and skin irritation. CAUTION signal word - correct answer Signals that the product is slightly toxic either orally, dermally, or through inhalation or causes slight eye/skin irritation. Low toxicity pesticides not required to display a signal word, but many do. Define specific action statement - correct answer Usually follow route of entry statements Give precautions and PPE necessary to help reduce exposure to the pesticide Directly relate to signal word, and route of entry. Ex. Do not breathe vapors or spray mist. National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Define routes of entry statements - correct answer Indicates which route(s) of entry into the human body are particularly hazardous Ex. Fatal if swallowed Define signal word - correct answer LABELS MUST INCLUDE Indicates relative acute toxicity of the product to humans and animals Directions for mixing and loading a pesticide are usually found under - correct answer Directions for use Define mandatory statements - correct answer Label statements that you must follow in order to legally use the pesticide Direct user to take/avoid specific actions National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Emulsifiable Concentrates (E or EC) - correct answer Contain 2-6lbs of active ingredient per gallon Very versatile. Used against pests in a lot of situations. Ready-to-Use (RTU) low concentrate solutions - correct answer Require to further dilution before application Consist of small amount of active ingredient (often 1% or less per unit volume) Expensive Concentrate solutions (C, LC, WSC/WSL) - correct answer Dilute with water or refined oil/petroleum based solvent. True solutions National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Ultra-low Volume (ULV) - correct answer Have almost 100% active ingredient Used as is, or diluted only a little bit Most suitable for outdoor applications Applied as very fine droplets Invert Emulsions - correct answer Contain water soluble pesticide dispersed in oil carrier Less susceptible to drops because oil evaporates slow Used in right-of-way to reduce chance of drift susceptible to nontarget plants/sensitive areas Flowables (F or AF) - correct answer Some active ingredients are insoluble Forms a suspension when ready to use National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Used for same types of pest control as ECs Aerosols (A) - correct answer Contain 1 or more active ingredients and a solvent Contain low percentage of active ingredient 2 types: ready to use, and those made for use in electric or gas powered aerosol generator (smoke/fog machines) Dusts (D) - correct answer Ready to use Low percentage of active ingredient (10% or less by weight) Easily blow away Granules (G) - correct answer Similar to dust formulations, but particles are larger and heavier. National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Fumigants - correct answer Deliver active ingredient in form of gas Microencapsulated pesticides (M) - correct answer Dry particles or liquid droplets surrounded by a coating Mixed with water and applied as a spray Timed, slow release Water-soluble packaging (WSB or WSP) - correct answer A pre measured bag full of pesticide you put into water and it dissolves. Impregnates - correct answer Pesticide active ingredient incorporated into a solid material Ex. Flea and tick collars Animals systemics - correct answer Applied externally or orally National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Define adjuvant - correct answer Chemical that can affect how a pesticide works 1. Improve the action of a pesticide 2. Change the characteristics of a pesticide formulation Define surfactant - correct answer A type of adjuvant Surface active ingredients Alter the dispersing, spreading, and water properties of spray droplets Change the surface tension of a spray droplet Define toxicity - correct answer The capacity of a pesticide to cause short- term (acute) or long-term (chronic) injury National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Define exposure - correct answer When pesticides get onto or into the body. Dermal, inhalation, oral or ocular. LD50 - correct answer Lethal dose 50% The lower the LD50 value of a pesticide, the less it takes to kill 50% of the population Low = high toxicity For which classes of pesticides might cholinesterase monitoring be appropriate - correct answer Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides They are cholinesterase inhibitors Cholinesterase in an enzyme necessary for proper nerve impulse transmissions and nervous system function National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Occurs because of an attraction between the chemical and soil particles Typically oil-soluble pesticides are attracted to clay particles and organic matter in soil Define persistence - correct answer The ability of a pesticide to remain present and active in its original form for an extended period before breaking down The longer the half-life, the more persistent the pesticide Define chemical degradation - correct answer The breakdown of chemicals, usually by chemical reaction with water Define microbial action - correct answer The breakdown of chemicals by soil microorganisms (fungi, bacteria) National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Define photodegradation - correct answer The breakdown of chemicals in reaction to sunlight Name the ways pesticides break down - correct answer Chemical degradation, microbial action, photodegradation Define volatility - correct answer The tendency of a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor How does a pesticide move in the air - correct answer Through drift (by wind or air currents) How does a pesticide move in water - correct answer Through runoff (surface movement off the treated site), and leaching (downward movement through the soil) Leaching can reach the groundwater National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers When is runoff and leaching likely to occur - correct answer 1. Too much pesticide is applied or spilled onto a surface 2. Too much rainwater or irrigation water moved pesticide through the soil offsite or into groundwater 3. Highly water-soluble or persistent pesticides are used What are Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles - correct answer Apply only when and where necessary Use only in amounts adequate to control pests Use non-chemical control methods when possible Which two factors are most important in avoiding vapor drift - correct answer Temperature and pesticide volatility How to avoid killing bees from insecticide poisoning - correct answer Pay attention to labels National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers correct answer Conduct risk assessment of business vulnerabilities What is the backbone of any emergency response plan - correct answer Outlining the sequence of actions to take in a crisis What guidelines to follow to prevent a pesticide fire - correct answer Store combustible pesticides away from heating sources Install fire detection system Train employees to use a fire extinguisher What is a recommended action to take in the event of a pesticide fire - correct answer Construct berms to contain contaminated runoff water What's appropriate first response to a pesticide spill - correct answer Put PPE on National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Determining when to apply a pesticide includes considering the - correct answer Life cycle of the pest and weather conditions The "Directions for Use" section of a pesticide label indicates the - correct answer Various crops or areas on which the pesticide may be legally used Define physical incompatibility - correct answer The failure of pesticide products to stay uniformly mixed in spray tank May result in a putty or paste formation, a separation into layers, or a mixture that looks like cottage cheese What's a physical incompatibility caused by - correct answer Improper mixing procedures Inadequate agitation Lack of stable emulsifiers in some emulsifiable concentrates National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Mixing with liquid fertilizers Mixing pesticides with hard water (a pH > 7) Define chemical incompatibility - correct answer What occurs when mixing certain pesticides in a spray tank alters the activity of one or more of them (Chemical reaction takes place and produces new substances) Cues: heat, color change, formation of gas or precipitate, appearance of surface scum or foam, formation of gel/sludge After filling a tank 1/5-1/2 full with carrier, whats the usual order for tank mixing the remaining products - correct answer Add compatibility agent (if needed), add suspension products, add solution products, add surfactants (if needed), add emulsion products National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers Soil incorporation method - correct answer Using tillage, rainfall or irrigation equipment to move pesticide into the soil Soil injection method - correct answer Applying a pesticide under pressure beneath the soil surface Space treatment method - correct answer Applying a pesticide to small, distinct areas Tree injection method - correct answer Applying a pesticide under the bark of trees Where should containment pads be used - correct answer Where large quantities of pesticides are handled/mixed What do sprayer nozzles do - correct answer Control the amount of material applied and type of pattern created National pesticide applicator certification core manual 2nd edition 2024 Questions and Answers When more precise placement of pesticide is desired with a granular application what do you use - correct answer Drop spreaders Which technique would help minimize off target drift - correct answer Using largest droplets practical to provide necessary coverage How to find square footage of a square/rectangle - correct answer Area = length x width How to find square footage of a triangle - correct answer Area = (base x height)/2 How to find square footage of a circle - correct answer Area = 3.14r^2