National Service Training Program (NSTP) Reviewer, Study notes of Accounting

Download National Service Training Program (NSTP) Reviewer and more Study notes Accounting in PDF only on Docsity! NSTPMidterms Reviewer yellow = part 1, pink = part 2, purple = part 3, red = part 4, orange = part 5 PART 1 Youth as leaders Young people should be supported to participate in decision-making at all levels of management, governance and service delivery. We should advocate for and with them, tackling emerging humanitarian and development issues together. And we should prioritize and invest in personal and professional development for young people in current and future leadership roles. The Myths of Leadership ➔ Leadership is a rare skill. ➔ Leaders are born, not made. ➔ Leaders are charismatic. ➔ Leaders exist only at the top of an organization. ➔ Leaders’ control, direct, prod, and manipulate. DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP - Leadership is the ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and guide followers or other members of an organization. - Leadership is a process of social influence which maximizes the efforts of others towards the achievement of a goal. - Leadership involves making sound, sometimes difficult decisions, creating, articulating a clear vision, establishing achievable goals and providing followers with the knowledge and tools necessary to achieve those goals. What leadership is not… - Leadership has nothing to do with seniority or one’s position in the hierarchy of a company. - Leadership has nothing to do with titles, personal attributes, and it isn’t management. Most respected business thinkers: ● Peter Drucker: “The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers.” ● Warren Bennis: “Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality.” ● Bill Gates: “As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others.” ● John Maxwell: “Leadership is influence - nothing more, nothing less.” What is a leadership theory? Leadership theories are the explanations of how and why certain people become leaders. They focus on the traits and behaviors that people can adopt to increase their leadership capabilities. Core leadership theories: 1. Trait Theories - What type of person makes a good leader? 2. Behavioral Theories - What does a good leader do? 3. Contingency Theories - How does the situation influence good leadership? 4. Power and Influence Theories - What is the source of the leader’s power? What is a leadership model? A leadership model is a theoretical framework for how best to manage employees. It typically suggests a corresponding response style to employee and organizational needs that has proven useful in that model. 1 NSTPMidterms Reviewer yellow = part 1, pink = part 2, purple = part 3, red = part 4, orange = part 5 12 Types of Leadership Models Transformational - inspire change and innovation. Transactional - complete tasks for rewards. Servant - sacrifice self to lift up others. Autocratic - provide clear expectations. Democratic - participate and offer guidance. Laissez-Faire - offer little or no guidance. Bureaucratic - do everything by the book. Charismatic - motivate through charm and vision. Pacesetting - do as I do for results. Ethical - use respect and justice as your guide. Affiliative - lead with compassion first. Coaching - focus on one-to-one mentorship. PART 2 Spirituality Leadership Spirituality equips leaders to act as both moral persons and as moral managers through providing a sense of mission meaning, focusing attention on the needs of others, fostering humility, integrity and justice, highlighting universal moral principles and generating feelings of hope and joy. Leaders nurture their personal spiritual development by discovering their vocations at the same time they engage in self reflective practices and serve others. Organizations encourage the development of spirituality sensitive, ethical leaders by creating a compelling vision, fostering intrinsic motivation, promoting shared spiritual values, and making space for the spirit. Ethical Leadership ❖ Ethical leaders act as moral persons, behaving ethically as they carry out their leadership roles. They treat employees fairly and express care and concern for followers. They live up to the values they espouse and are perceived as open and honest. ❖ Ethical leaders act as moral managers who actively promote ethical conduct in followers. They serve as role models and focus starting the organization’s attention on ethics. Ethical leaders communicate frequently about the importance of ethics, outline clear standards and use rewards and discipline to hold followers accountable for their moral conduct. What is Ethical Leadership? Ethical leadership is leadership centered around appropriate conduct through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. The concepts of honesty, integrity, trust and fairness are all critical to ethical leadership. Ethical leadership should demonstrate ethical and appropriate behavior in every facet of their life over time, even when their behavior is not necessarily observable by their employees. Maintaining your integrity is of paramount importance to leadership. Principles of Ethical Leadership 1. Honesty 2. Justice 3. Respect 4. Community 5. Integrity 2 NSTPMidterms Reviewer yellow = part 1, pink = part 2, purple = part 3, red = part 4, orange = part 5 What do Pinoys want in a leader? A leader who is person-focused and group centered, but also knowledgeable on the job. Employees want a leader who is “makatao” — someone who is easy to talk to, listens with understanding and compassion, and cares about the employees’ professional and personal welfare. A leader who has the “kakayahang mamuno” or the competence to lead partnered with mentoring skills. This is not just about having the technical know-how but also the capacity to share knowledge and skills that will move employees toward personal and professional growth. A boss who is perceived as “moody, critical, and demanding” can be destructive and ineffectual for the organization and the team. Subordinates have the tendency to merely follow this type of leader because of his or her position, but will do so with anger and detest. Implications for Leaders ➢ Leaders in the Philippines need to take time to engage in positive interactions with their subordinates. Constant leader-follower interaction produces affection, professional respect, and loyalty to the boss. The better the quality of relationship between leader and employee, the greater their willingness to go beyond the call of duty and engage in behaviors that will promote the welfare of the organization. Employees who have good relationships with their bosses are more willing to help peers and tend to stay longer with the company. ➢ It is important for leaders to know how they are perceived by their team and exert effort to develop characteristics that enhance positive working relationships with their followers. They need to keep in mind that a leader who is competent and willing to mentor, is approachable and empathetically listens, and is not bossy and arrogant brings out the best in the Pinoy employee. Defining Entrepreneurial Leadership Entrepreneurial leadership is a mindset that focuses organizations on turning problems into opportunities that create economic and social value. Entrepreneurial leadership is a mindset that emphasizes the strategic management of risk and dynamic, changing systems. Entrepreneurial leaders look for new opportunities and ways to innovate as individuals and as part of a team. These qualities often contrast with traditional leadership methodologies that emphasize following processes and procedures in an orderly, predictable way in order to minimize risk. 13 common characteristics of entrepreneurial leaders: 1. Effective communication 2. Confidence 3. Self-efficacy 4. Collaboration 5. Growth mindset 6. Determination 7. Optimism 8. Curiosity 9. Risk awareness 10. Comfort with ambiguity 11. Ownership 12. Initiative 13. Persuasiveness Benefits of entrepreneurial 5 NSTPMidterms Reviewer yellow = part 1, pink = part 2, purple = part 3, red = part 4, orange = part 5 leadership 1. Entrepreneurial leaders can adapt quickly to dynamic circumstances. 2. Entrepreneurial leaders can drive industry change. 3. Entrepreneurial leaders innovate. 4. Entrepreneurial leaders can centralize responsibility. 5. Entrepreneurial leaders succeed in uncertain environments. 6. Entrepreneurial leaders set ambitious goals. What is Youth Entrepreneurship 1. Entrepreneurial activity that is encompassed by young people, typically aged between 15 and 24 years old. 2. Practical application of enterprising qualities, such as initiative, innovation, creativity, and risk-taking into the work environment (either in self-employment or employment in small start-up firms). 3. Is a process whereby creative and innovative ideas are transformed into enterprises initiated and managed by young people with the primary purpose of addressing their socio-economic challenges such as poverty and unemployment. The Challenges and Success Drivers of Young Entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial experience acquired from the academic preparation of young entrepreneurs today greatly helped them in their actual business practice. The lack of knowledge/ experience about starting a business did not surface already during the actual business practice. However, despite the existence of such present challenges, young entrepreneurs continue to strive in order to be successful in their respective businesses while upholding ethical practices primarily founded upon honesty and integrity in delivering quality products and services. They also believe, in general, that success is not greatly dependent on any fortune, talent, experience or academic excellence but rather a product of hard work and commitment. PART 5 Examples of Socio-Civic Organization with Youth Programs ❖ Boys scout of the Philippines ❖ Girls scout of the Philippines ❖ Habitat for Humanity ❖ Red Cross Youth ❖ SK Federations Social and civic competencies Includes personal, interpersonal and intercultural competence and covers all forms of behavior that equip individuals to participate in an effective and constructive way in social and working life, and particularly in increasingly diverse societies, and to resolve conflicts where necessary. Civic competence equips individuals to fully participate in civic life, based on knowledge of social and political concepts and structures and a commitment to active and democratic participation. Personal competences Personal competences are related to the enhancement of one's own capacities and limits. They contribute to the correct management of tasks and the accomplishment of goals. 1. Time management 2. Information management 3. Ability to make decisions 6 NSTPMidterms Reviewer yellow = part 1, pink = part 2, purple = part 3, red = part 4, orange = part 5 4. Ability to cope with uncertainty 5. Ability to cope with complexity 6. Ability to identify one’s capacities 7. Ability to focus 8. Ability to critically reflect 9. Ability to work autonomously 10. Ability to express your own viewpoint 11. Dedication to reflect upon yourself 12. Integrity 13. Management of stress Social competences Social competences are related with social interaction and interpersonal communication. 1. Constructive collaboration with others 2. Interpersonal relations 3. Understanding the codes of conduct generally accepted in different societies and environments 4. Understanding the rules of communication generally accepted in different societies and environments 5. Empathy 6. Understanding different viewpoints 7. Showing tolerance 8. Ability to negotiate 9. Ability to manage conflicts 10. Ability to collaborate in teams 11. Creating confidence 12. Attitude of collaboration 13. Assertiveness 14. Being prepared to compromise Learning to learn competences Learning to learn competences are those advantages that help facing challenges concerning decisions about their present and future career opportunities. 1. Identifying your competence development needs 2. Identifying ways to develop competences 3. Identifying ways to search for education, training and career opportunities 4. Ability to organize and persevere with one’s 5. Ability to learn collaboratively 6. Ability to learn autonomously 7. Ability to identify and set goals 8. Ability to motivate yourself 9. Establishing a problem-solving attitude 10. Ability to handle obstacles 11. Ability to change and adapt to changes 12. Curiosity to look for opportunities to learn and develop in a variety of life contexts Citizenship competences Citizenship competences have been divided into responsibility, awareness and participation aspects. These competences encompass key knowledge, skills and attitudes for the development of values in the framework of an active citizenship. The outcomes of the learned individual and collective actions are bound to sustainability improvement, democracy reinforcement and a better coexistence within communities A) Responsibility: personal actions aimed at contributing to the promotion of social values. 1. Active support for gender equality 2. Support for sustainable lifestyles 3. Promotion of culture of peace and non-violence 4. Readiness to respect the privacy of others 5. Readiness to take responsibility for the environment. B) Participation: collective actions aimed at contributing to the promotion of social values. 7