Organic Chem Exam Guide: Carbonyl, Enolates & Condensation (Ch. 19-23) - Prof. Yu-Lin Jian, Study notes of Organic Chemistry

Download Organic Chem Exam Guide: Carbonyl, Enolates & Condensation (Ch. 19-23) - Prof. Yu-Lin Jian and more Study notes Organic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Study Guide for Exam II Chapter 19:  Nature of carbonyl group - why it undergoes nucleophilic reactions  Preparation of aldehydes and ketones  Oxidation of alcohols to yield aldehydes and ketones (e.g. PCC – what do these initials stand for?)  Tetrahedral intermediate..what it is..what it does, etc.  Reactions of aldehydes and ketones o Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones…why? o Hydration (good idea to know mechanism) o Cyanohydrin formation and the utility of cyanohydrins o Grignard reagent addition to carbonyls and limitations of these reactions o Reduction with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 o Reactions with amines  Imines  Enamines  Oximes  Semicarbazides o Acetal and ketal formation…utility of these….base stable protecting group but can be removed with aqueous acid Chapter 22:  Tautomerism – consequences of (e.g. change of stereochemistry on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon)  Enolate anion formation – why are protons on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl acidic?  Alkylation of enolate anions o Kinetic versus thermodynamic reaction conditions and how to use to make target molecules Chapter 23:  Aldol condensation…recognize what an aldol is and how to dissect a target molecule to give the reactants used to make the aldol.  Crossed aldol condensation…how many products?  How to force a crossed aldol condensation to give a major desired product  What is an enone? Learn to dissect an enone to give the reactans used to make the enone.  Intramolecular aldol reaction and limitations there of.  Claisen condensation…be able to distinguish a Claisen condensation from an aldol condensation for example. o Mixed or crossed Claisen reactions…similar to crossed aldol reactions