NBDHE Board Review - Dental Community Health with Answers, Exams of Dentistry

Download NBDHE Board Review - Dental Community Health with Answers and more Exams Dentistry in PDF only on Docsity! NBDHE Board Review - Dental Community Health with Answers Longitudinal - A study in which df/dmf are conducted yearly on the same group of children is an example of which type of study? Children and young adults in fluoridated and nonfluoridated communities - Sealant programs are recommended for _________. A fluoride mouth rinse program - In a nonfluoridated community, which preventative dental health program would have the maximum cost benefit for the control of caries in elementary school children? Simple indices and calibrated examiners are used - The ideal epidemiologic study of periodontal disease or dental caries is one in which __________. It measures cumulative experience and is not necessarily indicative of current caries activity - What is a disadvantage of the DMFT index? Both statements are true - Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) are similar to preferred provider organizations (PPOs) in that they both are nontraditional methods for delivering and financing dental care. PPOs however, are more of a financing arrangement than a structure. T or F During design of the project - A dental hygienist needs assistance in selecting statistical procedures for evaluating a community dental health project. When should this assistance be sought? Epidemic - A disease that increases in prevalence beyond the expected level is ____________. Subjects are randomly chosen from a previously subdivided population - What is a characteristic of stratified sampling? Initially increase the demand for dental services - It can safely be assumed that the growth in dental prepayment plans in the US will ___________. Prevalence - The formula below is descriptive of what epidemiological rate? # of existing cases of a disease/ total population Both statements are false - Susceptibility to periodontitis increases with age, but not as part of the aging process. Dentate or partially dentate elderly persons are at an extreme risk for total tooth loss. T or F First statement is true; second statement is false - Gingivitis precedes periodontitis. Areas of the mouth affected by gingivitis will most likely become affected in alter years by periodontitis. Identify community needs - The first step in establishing a community health program is to _____________. Pilot study - Conducting a trial run of the planned study on a small sample is the purpose of a/an ____________. Stratified random sample - Subjects randomly chosen from a previously subdivided population are an example of a __________________. def - What caries index applies to primary dentition? First statement is prevalence of HIV; second statement is incidence of HIV - There are 10 million HIV positive patients worldwide. A new case occurs every 15-20 seconds. Health department - At the local level, which of the following should be contacted for resources and facilities for a dental health screening program? Most of the scores are between 7-9 - A dental hygienist gives a quiz to determine effectiveness of instruction. The mean score is 8 and the standard deviation is 1. What interpretation can be made? Incidence of dental caries - A survey was conducted to determine how many new carious lesions develop during the school year in the permanent teeth of 6th grade children. Results of the survey provide a measure of what? Both statements are true - Fluoridation has several mechanisms for caries inhibition. Included are enhancement of remineralization of enamel, inhibition of glycolysis, incorporation of fluoride into the enamel hydroxyapatite crystal, and bacteriocidal action. T or F 3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30 - The "Ramfjord teeth" commonly used to simplify dental indexes include which teeth? DMFT - If the major purpose of an epidemiologist's research is to determine caries susceptibility as opposed to immediate treatment needs, the best caries index to use is the ______. Both statements are TRUE - Fluorides are stored in skeletal tissues. Even when concentrations reach 8 ppm, no impairment in general health can be detected. T or F Payment - Funding in community is to what in Private practice? Evaluation - Appraisal in community is to what in Private practice? DHHS - Who published Healthy People 2010? epidemiology - The study of health and disease in populations is __? null - This is a hypothesis in which a researcher tries to disprove or nullify. alternative - This is a hypothesis in which a researcher finds an alternate way to explain a phenomenon placebo - Control groups receive __? experimental tx - Treatment groups receive __? cause - Experimental studies test hypothesis to establish a __? describe the extent of a disease or condition within a population and its relationship with other variables - Descriptive studies are designed to to what? who is getting the dx and where and when it is occuring - Descriptive studies determine __? hay fever - An example of an endemic is __? double blind - Which study is the best way to prevent bias? Retrospective - This type of study examines whether a past association exists between a present one Prospective - This type of study observes subjects over time to determine if a disease or condition develops Longitudinal - This type of study is taken over an extended period of time (about 10+ yrs) random - This research sample type is when every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected. Stratifed - This research sample type is done by creating an element according to certain subgroups systematic - This research sample type is done by selecting every "nth" person judgement - This research sample type is when someone familiar with the population selects the sample convenience - This research sample type is chosen based solely on convenience dependant - This variable is the outcome of interest independent - This variable is the intervention independent type - Which variable is manipulated to produce a response from to the other variable? equal - When data is plotted using a normal curve the mean, median and mode are __? mode - The most frequently occurring score within a matrix is the __? Bell or normal - A Gaussian curve is also known as __? standard deviation - What is the most commonly used method of dispersion in oral hygiene research which also reflect the range within the data matrix? +1 and -1 - In a normal curve, the majority of scores fall within ___ standard deviation ranges? Positive skew - When more scores fall in the lower range what kind of curve will you have? Negative skew - When more scores fall in the higher range what kind of curve will you have? t-test - This is a statistical measure used to test the hypothetical difference between 2 mean scores. ANOVA - This is a statistical measure used to test the hypothetical difference between 3+ mean scores. p-value - This is used when testing a hypothesis, refers to the probability that a condition or circumstance would happen just by chance without experimental intervention .05 (1 in 20) - A P-value great than __ will affect study results! caries management by risk assessment - identifies the cause of dx through the assessment of risk factors - CAMBRA = PDI - This is the only indice that is both reversible and irreversible since it measure both perio and gingivitis is? deft - This dental indice does not take into account teeth that have been extracted or exfoliated due to past caries experience. GI - This dental indice is based on severity vesus the extent of inflammation SBI - This dental indice detects EARLY signs of gingivitis PSR - This dental indice requires a special probe and is used to assess perio health CPITN - This dental indice is used internationally, requires a special probe and determines perio needs vs status. OHI-S - This dental indice measure oral hygiene status by accessing supra and sub plaque and calculus PHP (Patient Hygiene performance) - This dental indice measures plaque after toothbrushing VMI - This dental indice measures supra calculus formation after a prophy and is used to test agents for plaque and calculus control. to conduct a *Needs Assessment* - The first step in planning a community program is __? it collects baseline data - One of the best reasons for conducting a needs assessment is __? survey - Which is the best choice for conducting a needs assessment for a large group? epidemiological survey - Which is the best choice for conducting a needs assessment for a research based assessment? interview - Which is the best choice for conducting a needs assessment for small groups? questionaire - Which is the best choice for conducting a needs assessment for large groups; must be well written and easy to understand though... Need Demand Utilization Barriers - Access to care issues include: