NCERT – CBSE – Class 9 – Social Science – E Content – PPT Poverty as a Challenge, Slides of Political studies

Download NCERT – CBSE – Class 9 – Social Science – E Content – PPT Poverty as a Challenge and more Slides Political studies in PDF only on Docsity! NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI Sea E-CONTENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE FOR CLASS-IX CHAPTER-3 POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE Prepared by :Momin Hazarika PGT (Economics) JNV, Sonitpur (Assam) This means, roughly 260 million (or26 crore) people in India live in poverty. This also means that India has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world. This illustrates the seriousness of the challenge. EE Two Typical Cases of poverty: Urban Case Story of Ram Saran  Thirty-three year old Ram Saran works as a daily-wager in a wheat flour mill near Ranchi in Jharkhand.  He earns around Rs 1,500 a month when he finds employment which is not often.  The money is not enough to sustain his family of six— that includes his wife and four children aged between 12 years to six months.  He has to send money to his old parents who live in a village near Ramgarh. His father a landless labourer, depends on Ram Saran .  Ram Saran lives in a one-room rented house which is built of brick and clay tiles in a crowded basti in the outskirts of the city. Story of Lakha Singh Lakha Singh belongs to a small village near Meerut in Uttar Pradesh. His family doesn’t own any land, so they do odd jobs for the big farmers. Work is erratic(irregular) and so is income. At times they get paid Rs 50 for a hard day’s work. But often it’s in kind like a few kilograms of wheat or dal or even vegetables for toiling in the farm through the day. The family of eight cannot always manage two square meals a day. Lakha lives in a kuchha hut on the outskirts of the village. •The women of the family spend the day chopping fodder and collecting firewood in the fields. •His father a TB patient, passed away two years ago due to lack of medication. •His mother now suffers from the same disease . •Although, the village has a primary school, Lakha never went there. •He had to start earning when he was 10 years old. •New clothes happen once in a few years. Even soap and oil are a luxury for the family. What do they show?  These two typical cases show that poverty means landlessness, child labour, hunger, unemployment, poor health and lack of shelter.  Poverty also means Illiteracy, lack of clean water and sanitation facilities. Vulnerability Vulnerability describes the greater probability of certain communities  or individuals of becoming, or remaining, poor in the coming years. The people from backward cast, individuals like widows, physically handicapped are  more vulnerable. They possess greater risks at the time of natural disasters. Poverty in India 2000: Most vulnerable Groups Poverty in India 2000: Most Vulnerable Groups Number of poor out of every 100 person from the category o 6 8 8 & S$ YY pea se Poverty line A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary to fulfill basic needs. Poverty line Since people living in rural areas engage themselves in more physical work, calorie requirements in rural areas are considered to be higher than urban areas. Poverty line in terms of Income Poverty line varies with time place. For the year 2009-10, the poverty line for a person was fixed at  Rs.673 per month for rural area and Rs. 860 for the urban areas. The poverty line is estimated periodically by conducting sample surveys by National Sample Survey Organisation. ( NSSO) Graph 3.2: Poverty Ratio in Selected Indian States, 1999-2000 Percentage of people below poverty line of o¢ ; ’ > S eee oe POOP eee iff, OF OS SF a Pl » = ¥ r & ” Rien RGATIETIE SUTVEG DOO LOO. Mini Sane Rinaripe Goverment Ar lndin Causes of Poverty  There are a number of causes for the widespread poverty in India.  One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British colonial administration.  The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control continued the cycle of poverty. Causes of Poverty There are some other reasons. These are : 1. Rapid growth of population, particularly among the poor is considered a major cause of Indian poverty. 2. Our agricultural sector has failed to generate much employment opportunities for the farm labourers. Similarly, our industries could not provide much job for the job seekers. 3. One of the major causes of poverty is the unequal distribution of land and other resources. Various land reform measures introduced after Independence could not improve the life of millions of rural poor because of their poor implementation. 4. Social factors : People in India, including the very poor, spend a lot of money on social occasions like marriages, festivals, etc. Poor people hardly have any savings; they are, thus forced to borrow. Unable to pay because of poverty, they became victims of indebtedness. Joint family system has prevented people from doing hard work. Causes of Poverty  Illiteracy  Unemployment  Poor health  Child labour  Poor sanitation facilities  Helplessness  Landlessness  Huge income inequalities.  Socio-cultural factors.  Economic factors. II. National Food for Work Programme (NFWP), which was launched in 2004 The National Food for Work Programme was launched by minister of rural development, Central Government on 14th November 2004 in 150 of the most backward districts of India with the objective of generating supplementary wage employment. The programme is open to all rural poor who are prepared to do manual, unskilled labours. III.Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) is another scheme which was started in 1993 The aim of PMRY is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns .(By starting a target to establish seven lakh micro ventures by the jobless educated youth.) IV. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) .  It was launched in 1995 . The aim of the programme is to create self employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns.  A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme under the Tenth Five Year Plan. Vi. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY). Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is an Indian government sponsored scheme for fer million of the poorest families It is on the look out for the ‘poorest of the poor'[1] by providing them 35 kilograms of rice and wheat at Rs.3 & Rs.2 per kg respectively. The Challenges Ahead Challenges that still remain: providing health care, education and job security for all, and achieving gender equality and dignity for the poor. These will be even bigger tasks. The Challenges Ahead But despite the progress, poverty reduction remains India’s most compelling challenge. Wide disparities in poverty are visible between rural and urban areas and among different states. Certain social and economic groups are more vulnerable to poverty. Poverty is not an accident. Like slavery and apartheid, it is man-made and _— - zm can be removed by the actions of human beings. » Nelson Mandeta EE THANK YOU