Sleep Stages, Factors, Disorders, and Hygiene: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Health sciences

Download Sleep Stages, Factors, Disorders, and Hygiene: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! NCHP Exam 1General Health Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% variables influencing health beliefs and practices - Correct Answers internal variables: - developmental stage - intellectual background - perception of functioning - emotional factors -spiritual factors external variables: - family roles/practices -social determinants of health -cultural background SDOH - Correct Answers - social and community context - economic stability -health and health care -education - neighborhood and built environment health promotion - Correct Answers ways for individuals to maintain or enhance their present health - active or passive active health promotion - Correct Answers taking vitamins, smoking cessation program, screening for cancer passive health promotion - Correct Answers fluoride in water, COVID lockdown, drinking homogenized milk primary prevention - Correct Answers TRUE prevention (from disease development) ex: genetic screening, HIV testing, sex education, physical fitness activities, immunizations secondary prevention - Correct Answers - early detection and/or prompt treatment -ex: person with high BP starts exercising, dieting to lose weight, test for scoliosis, any type of screening except for genetic screening, diabetic taking their medications tertiary prevention - Correct Answers minimizing long term effects - when defect or disability is permanent or irreversible ex: rehab, encouraging person with peripheral vascular disease to walk to minimize effects risk factors - Correct Answers modifiable non-modifiable environmental Trans theoretical Model of Change - Correct Answers precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance precontemplation - Correct Answers no intention to change unaware, uninterested or underestimates the problem contemplation - Correct Answers consider change in 6 months - thinking about change preparation - Correct Answers -making small changes - advantages outweigh disadvantages of change action - Correct Answers engaging in changes behavior -committed maintenance - Correct Answers - maintaining changed behavior - integrate into lifestyle acute illness - Correct Answers short duration and severe, reversible chronic illness - Correct Answers persists longer than 6 months, irreversible illness behavior - Correct Answers - how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms - influenced by internal and external variables spirituality - Correct Answers awareness of one’s inner self and a sense of connection to a higher being, nature, or some purpose greater than oneself transcendence - Correct Answers feeling beyond normal and above the material world self-transcendence - Correct Answers sense of connecting to one's inner self faith - Correct Answers confidence about something without firm physical evidence spiritual well-being - Correct Answers matures with increasing awareness of meaning, purpose and life values hope - Correct Answers person has an attitude of something to live for and look forward to in the future - hypoxia --> person wakes to breathe narcolepsy - Correct Answers A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. -cataplexy - sudden muscle weakness that causes person to fall down sleep deprivation - Correct Answers Dec in quality or quantity of sleep - caused by pain, emotional stress, medications, envy disturbances parasomnias - Correct Answers abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep: night terrors & sleepwalking factors influencing sleep - Correct Answers -drugs and substances -lifestyle -usual sleep problems -emotional stress -environment -exercise and fatigue -food and caloric intake hypnotics - Correct Answers - interfere with deeper sleep - sometimes worsen sleep apnea antidepressants and stimulants - Correct Answers -suppress REM sleep -Dec total sleep time alcohol - Correct Answers -speeds onset of sleep -reduces REM sleep -awakens person during night and causes difficulty returning to sleep caffeine - Correct Answers prevent falling asleep awaken during night interferes with REM diuretics - Correct Answers nighttime awakenings caused by nocturnal benzodiazepine - Correct Answers alter REM ink sleep time ink daytime sleepiness nicotine - Correct Answers Dec total sleep time Dec REM cause awakenings opiates - Correct Answers suppress REM ink daytime drowsiness anticonvulsants - Correct Answers Dec REM daytime drowsiness tools for sleep assessment - Correct Answers Epworth sleepiness scale Pittsburgh sleep quality index (sleep disturbances over a month) Health promotion - sleep - Correct Answers environmental controls promoting bedtime routines promoting safety promoting comfort promoting activity stress reduction bedtime snacks pharmacological approaches sleep hygiene - Correct Answers diet exercise sleep schedule sleep environment bedtime routine exogenous HAI - Correct Answers microorganisms entering body from outside the individual ex: salmonella, clostridium tetanic, aspergillums endogenous HAI - Correct Answers patients flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results, flora moved from one body site to another ex: staphylococci, streptococci, yeast iatrogenic HAI - Correct Answers from a procedure or treatment ex: not washing hands, not following sterile technique chain of infection - Correct Answers -infectious agent -reservoir -portal of exit -mode of transmission -portal of entry -host aerobic - Correct Answers requires oxygen to survive ex: staphylococcus aurous, mycobacterium tuberculosis anaerobic - Correct Answers survive with little or no oxygen ex: e coli, clostridium tetanic modes of transmission - Correct Answers contact droplet airborne vehicle vector contact ( and precautions) - Correct Answers direct - from one person to another ex: scabies, herpes, touching infected blood, chickenpox indirect - through contaminated object or person ex: contaminated person touches pencil then someone else picks it up precautions: -private room or cohort patients - gloves -gown droplet (and precautions) - Correct Answers directly from respiratory tract ex: pertussis, influenza, pneumonia, sepsis, pharyngeal diphtheria, mumps, meningitis, chickenpox precautions: - when patient coughs, sneezes, talks -private room or cohort patients -mask and distancing airborne (and precautions) - Correct Answers via air ex: measles, TB, chickenpox precautions: - small droplets remain in air longer -private room, negative pressure airflow - n95 mask -gloves -disposable gown vehicle - Correct Answers nonliving utensils, food vectors - Correct Answers living mosquito, tick, flea ex: malaria, Lyme disease, typhus - no live plants, fresh flowers, raw fruits or veggies Contamination (surgical asepsis) - Correct Answers if....... - touched by anything not sterile -prolonged exposure to air - out of range of vision -held below the waist -do not talk, laugh, cough performing surgical asepsis - Correct Answers -need to wear paper mask -wear protective eyewear -use surgical sponge gloving methods - Correct Answers open closed (used in operating rooms) removal of PPE after leaving isolation tom - Correct Answers 1. remove gloves 2. remove eyewear 3. remove gown 4. remove mask 5. perform hand hygiene importance of good hygiene - Correct Answers -eludes skin infections -fosters healthy personal relationships -prevents illnesses and other health issues -promotes better self-esteem factors affecting personal hygiene - Correct Answers -social practices -body image -socioeconomic status -health beliefs and motivation -cultural beliefs and values -developmental stage -health state/physical condition -personal preferences skin assessment - Correct Answers -cleanliness -color -temperature -turgor -moisture -sensation -evidence of lesions, rash, dry skin risk factors for skin impairment - Correct Answers -immobilization -reduced sensation -nutrition and hydration alterations -secretions and excretions on the skin -vascular insufficiency -external devices -illness common oral problems - Correct Answers -halitosis -xerostomia -gingivitis -dental caries -glossitis -chelates sponge bath - Correct Answers involves bathing from a bath basin while patient sits in chair female perineal care - Correct Answers -vaginal area with soap and water - wipe front to back -position supine with legs flexed male perineal care - Correct Answers -supine with legs abducted -if uncircumcised - retract foreskin, clean, put foreskin back purposes of bathing - Correct Answers -cleanse the skin promote circulation musculoskeletal exercise promotes comfort through muscle relaxation helps improve self-image strengthens nurse patient relationship diabetic foot care - Correct Answers - clean between toes to prevent diabetic ulcers -pat dry -lotion -have poor circulation --> high risk for injury/infection (glucose) oral care of unconscious patient - Correct Answers - Sims position or semi fowler’s position with head turned to side (no supine) -check respirations and gag reflex -oral airway care of eyes - Correct Answers clean from inner to outer canthus care of nose - Correct Answers have patient blow it remove crusted secretion around nose by applying warm, moist compress safety guidelines - hygiene - Correct Answers - move from cleanest to less clean areas -use gloves if coming in contact with broken skin, mucous membranes, bodily fluids -test temperature of water - occupied bed - Correct Answers bed made with patient in it unoccupied bed - Correct Answers bed made without anyone in it - surgical is similar to this