NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES, Exams of Nursing

Download NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 1. Which educational nursing program takes 2 to 5 years to complete? a. Nursing assistant (NA) program b. Practical nursing (LPN, LVN) program c. Professional nursing program d. Advanced practice nursing (APN) program The professional nursing program (RN) requires 2 to 5 years of education, depending on the type of degree sought. An NA program takes 6 to 8 weeks. An LPN/LVN program takes 12 to 18 months. An APN program takes more than 4 years. 2. Who established the Henry Street Settlement Service in New York City? a. Lillian Wald b. Dorothea Dix c. Florence Nightingale d. Richard Bradley Lillian Wald took nursing into the community and established the Henry Street NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Settlement Service in 1893. Dorothea Dix organized volunteers to provide nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War. Florence Nightingale trained women to care for the sick during the Crimean War. Richard Bradley opened a practical nursing school in 1907. 3. Which is included in the six levels of care within the health care system? a. Skilled b. Post-acute c. Restorative d. Hospice The six levels of care within the health care system include: preventative, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing care. 4. In the 20th century, nurses moved into: a. Hospitals b. Long-term care facilities c. The community d. State mental health facilities NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Planning is the third step of the nursing process. Evaluation is the last step of the nursing process. Implementation occurs after planning. Nursing diagnosis is the second step of the nursing process. 9. One of the highest priorities of nursing care is: a. adequate nutrition. b. maintaining skin integrity. c. pain control. d. airway management. In prioritizing care, physiologic needs for basic survival take precedence. Airway management always comes first. Without an adequate airway, a patient will die. Nutrition, maintaining skin integrity, and pain control are lower priorities of care than airway management. 10. A nurse is educating a group of elderly patients in an assisted-living facility about urinary incontinence. Information offered during the encounter may include: NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES a. Avoidance of Kegel exercises b. Wear adult diapers day and night to prevent leakage c. Condom catheters may be used by males d. Indwelling Foley catheters are recommended for management of all types of incontinence Condom catheters are appropriate for males if used correctly. Kegel exercises are recommended and may greatly reduce or stop incontinence. Adult diapers are not to be worn 24 hours a day as a result of an increased risk of skin breakdown. Indwelling Foley catheters are not appropriate for all types of incontinence, and the risks associated with trauma and infection may outweigh the benefits. 11. A nurse should notify the physician if: a. 24-hour urine output is 700 mL b. 24-hour urine output is 800 mL c. 24-hour urine output is 720 mL d. 24-hour urine output is 1000 mL Average hourly urine output is 30 mL, therefore 700 mL in a 24 hour period is NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES abnormal because it averages to less than 30 mL/hour. The remaining options reflect urine output within normal range for a 24-hour period. 12. A female patient has had a knee replacement and is experiencing difficulty voiding. What should the nurse recommend? a. Pour warm water over the perineum while patient attempts to void b. Catheterize the patient to avoid problems c. Use Crede’s maneuver per nursing order d. Use a sitz bath per nursing order Warm water may help patients to initiate the voiding reflex. Catheterization is used after other techniques have been unsuccessful. A physician order is needed for use of Crede's maneuver and/or a sitz bath. 13. Which bacterium is most often responsible for cystitis? NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES d. Patient with a gunshot wound to the chest A sore throat is of low priority compared with the other aforementioned medical problems. A patient with a laceration to the leg or an ankle fracture is of higher priority than the patient with a sore throat. Life-threatening problems are of a high priority; therefore a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest is of highest priority. 17. Which are components of the nursing process? Select all that apply. a. Assessment b. Nursing diagnosis c. Management d. Evaluation Assessment, nursing diagnosis, and evaluation are three of the five components of the nursing process (accompanied by planning and implementation). Management is not one of the five components of the nursing process. 18. The steps of the problem-solving process include: a. nursing diagnosis. b. identification of problem. NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES c. critical thinking. d. management of problem. The first step is to define the problem clearly. Nursing diagnosis and management are not steps in the problem-solving process. Critical thinking is required, but is not an actual step in the process. 19. Critical thinking involves: a. randomly organizing tasks. b. utilization of past solutions. c. purposeful mental activity. d. traditional problem-solving methods. Critical thinking is a directed and purposeful mental activity. Critical thinking involves priority setting, production of new solutions, and creative problem solving. 20. Prioritizing patient problems is usually based on: a. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES b. the nurse-to-nurse report. c. managerial influence. d. nonspecific data collection. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is used to set priorities in nursing situations. Priority setting is not based on the nurse-to-nurse report or managerial influence. Gathering of information specific to each patient is necessary for priority setting. 21. What do concept maps do? a. Solve nursing dilemmas b. Require the problem-solving process c. Promote critical thinking d. Are used only by student nurses NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Hip fractures are a leading cause of hospitalization and placement in long-term care facilities. Most falls occur in the bedroom or bathroom. With each additional medication consumed, the risk of falls is increased. Sedatives can decrease alertness and reaction times which can lead to falls. 25. Appropriate nursing care for a patient with urinary incontinence is to: a. insert an indwelling Foley catheter. b. order oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan). c. encourage fluids to decrease the urine concentration so it is less irritating. d. recommend herbal approaches to reduce incontinence. Encouraging fluids can decrease the urine concentration so it is less irritating, less predisposing to urinary tract infections, and less odoriferous. Indwelling catheters are not recommended. Nurses may not order/prescribe medications. Nurses should not recommend herbal preparations without first consulting with the physician. 26. Which age-related changes predispose the elderly patient to drug toxicity and extended duration of action of drugs? Select all that apply. a. Decreased body water b. Increased ratio of muscle to NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES fat c. Low serum albumin d. Reduced blood flow to liver Decreased body water, low serum albumin, and reduced blood flow to the liver are age- related changes that predispose the elderly patient to drug toxicity. The elderly have an increased ratio of fat to muscle. 27. A patient with dysphagia is: a. fed only for pleasure b. at low risk for nutritional deficits c. at higher risk for pneumonia d. able to drink thin liquids Patients with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) should be positioned upright or in a high Fowler's position and fed very small amounts to avoid aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. A patient with dysphagia is at higher risk for developing a nutritional deficit. Liquids may need to be thickened. NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 28. Which is of highest priority for a nurse on a general medical unit? a. Patient with chest pain b. Patient with diarrhea c. Patient with productive cough d. Patient with a low-grade fever Life-threatening problems are of a high priority. Chest pain can be life-threatening, requires immediate attention, and is of the highest priority for the nurse. A patient with diarrhea, a productive cough, and/or a low-grade fever is not of the highest priority. 29. A registered nurse (RN) delegates to a licensed practical nurse the task of monitoring intake and output for all patients who have been treated for heart failure on a cardiac medical unit. The unit manager is reviewing the effectiveness of heart failure management on the unit. Delegation is included in which component of the nursing process? a. Implementation b. Nursing diagnosis c. Develop solutions NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Patients with psychiatric disorders in most states cannot be held against their will for more than 3 days, unless they are a distinct danger to self or others, or are gravely disabled (unable to provide for basic needs). Major depression, homelessness, and substance abuse alone are not reasons to hold patients against their will. 33. Informed consent may be given by a: a. stepparent of a non-adopted child. b. 80-year-old with dementia. c. 72-year-old who has just taken morphine sulfate. d. competent 19-year-old who has just taken Tylenol. A competent person over the age of 18 may give informed consent. Tylenol is not a mind-altering drug. Stepparents usually cannot give consent unless the child is legally adopted. Cognitively impaired individuals may not give informed consent. Informed consent may not be given by an individual under the influence of a narcotic. 34. Which is a true statement? a. Employers may ask about health status on an employment NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES application. b. Sexual harassment is illegal when it interferes with job performance. c. Student nurses are not held to the same standards as a licensed nurse. d. In a case of child abuse, the account of injury given by the caregiver is consistent with physical signs and symptoms. Sexual harassment is illegal when used as a condition of employment or promotion or when it interferes with job performance. Employers may not ask about health status. Student nurses are held to the same standards as a licensed nurse. The account of injury is often inconsistent with signs and symptoms. 35. Which statement is true regarding advance directives? a. Advance directives expire. b. Emergency medical technicians may honor advance directives. c. A living will is a type of advance directive. d. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are written by nurses. A living will and medical power of attorney are two types of advance directives. Advance directives do not expire. EMTs cannot honor advance directives. DNRs are written by NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES physicians. 36. Which age-related change in the urinary system should a nurse expect? a. Increased bladder tone b. Episodes of incontinence c. Increased red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine d. Reduced rate of renal filtration NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 40. Which is true regarding assisted suicide? a. A constitutional right exists for physician-assisted suicide. b. Participation in assisted suicide is a violation of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code for Nurses. c. Assisted suicide is a crime in all states. d. Assisted suicide is the same as euthanasia. NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Participation in assisted suicide violates the ethical principle of "do no harm." No constitutional right exists for assisted suicide. (Assisted suicide is not a crime in Oregon.) Assisted suicide is not the same as euthanasia, which is described as mercy killing. 41. An unexpected patient care occurrence that results in death or serious injury to the patient is: a. negligence. b. malpractice. c. a tort. d. a sentinel event. A sentinel event is an unexpected patient care event that results in death or serious injury (or risk of injury) to the patient. Negligence is failing to do something a reasonable prudent person would or would not do. Malpractice is negligence by a professional person. A tort is a violation of a civil law. 42. Age-related eye changes may include: a. increased visual accommodation b. macular degeneration NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES c. non-preventable blindness as a result of glaucoma d. decreased ability of pupil to respond to light changes Because of macular degeneration, an elderly person gradually loses acute, central, and color vision. Visual accommodation decreases. Glaucoma is a frequent cause of preventable blindness. With age, the iris has decreased ability to respond to light changes. 43. Nurses' knowledge of sexuality in the older adult population should include: a. Chronic illness may affect the ability to participate in sexual activity. b. Sexual response time is unchanged. c. Ability to achieve orgasm declines. d. Dryness of the vaginal walls is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. Chronic illness or disability may affect the ability to participate in sexual activity. Sexual response time slows with age. Ability to achieve orgasm continues. Vaginitis NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES problems. 46. Which is a long-term goal for a patient? a. Pain management b. Stroke rehabilitation c. Adequate fluid intake d. Treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI) Long-term goals often relate to rehabilitation. Stroke rehabilitation will require more time than short-term goals, which are achievable within 7 to 10 days. Pain management, adequate fluid intake, and treatment of UTI are considered short-term goals. 47. To conduct a physical examination of a patient, which examination technique is used? a. Percussion of an area b. Weighing of a patient c. History taking d. Communication NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion are examination techniques. Weighing a patient, history taking, and communication are not considered examination techniques. 48. Which stages are included in an interview? Select all that apply. NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES a. Opening b. Body c. Discussion d. Closing The opening, the body, and the closing are stages in an interview. Discussion is not a stage in an interview. 49. For Medicare, a reassessment of a patient in a long-term care facility must be done every: a. 30 days. b. 60 days. c. 90 days. d. 120 days. For Medicare patients, a reassessment by a registered nurse is necessary every 90 days. 50. Which is an example of objective data? NCLEX-PN FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS with ANSWERS AND RATIONALES