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Negligence and strict liability, Lecture notes of Contract Law

It covers the duty of care in contracts and where there is no contract

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 02/22/2023

brian-mwereri
brian-mwereri 🇺🇬

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