Neuroscience 101: Understanding the Biological Basis of Behavior and Thought, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Neuroscience 101: Understanding the Biological Basis of Behavior and Thought and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What are biological influences on behavior and thought? DEFINITION 1 evolution --> genetics --> neuroscience TERM 2 T or F The brain generates enough electricity to power a lightbulb DEFINITION 2 True TERM 3 T or F The brain has 100,000 miles of blood vessels DEFINITION 3 True TERM 4 T or F The brain sends info at more than 150 mph DEFINITION 4 True TERM 5 T or F We generally only use 10% of our brain DEFINITION 5 False TERM 6 T or F National Institute of health spends $5 B per year on neuroscience research DEFINITION 6 True TERM 7 How is nervous system organized? DEFINITION 7 PeripheralCentral (brain and spinal cord) TERM 8 Components and functions of central nervous system DEFINITION 8 Brain- organizes thought & behaviorSpinal cord- connects brain to body thick bundle of the nerves that conveys signals b/w brain and body TERM 9 Components and functions of peripheral nervous system DEFINITION 9 Connects the CNS to limbs and organs Autonomic-controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glandsSomatic- controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles TERM 10 Components and functions of autonomic nervous system DEFINITION 10 Sympathetic-arousing (fight/flight)Parasympathetic-calming, functions that do not require immediate action such as salivation, urination, digestive TERM 1 What are biological influences on behavior and thought? DEFINITION 1 evolution --> genetics --> neuroscience TERM 2 T or F The brain generates enough electricity to power a lightbulb DEFINITION 2 True TERM 3 T or F The brain has 100,000 miles of blood vessels DEFINITION 3 True TERM 4 T or F The brain sends info at more than 150 mph DEFINITION 4 True TERM 5 T or F We generally only use 10% of our brain DEFINITION 5 False TERM 6 T or F National Institute of health spends $5 B per year on neuroscience research DEFINITION 6 True TERM 7 How is nervous system organized? DEFINITION 7 PeripheralCentral (brain and spinal cord) TERM 8 Components and functions of central nervous system DEFINITION 8 Brain- organizes thought & behaviorSpinal cord- connects brain to body thick bundle of the nerves that conveys signals b/w brain and body TERM 9 Components and functions of peripheral nervous system DEFINITION 9 Connects the CNS to limbs and organs Autonomic-controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glandsSomatic- controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles TERM 10 Components and functions of autonomic nervous system DEFINITION 10 Sympathetic-arousing (fight/flight)Parasympathetic-calming, functions that do not require immediate action such as salivation, urination, digestive TERM 21 What are functions/components of subcortical brain? DEFINITION 21 Basal Ganglia (movement & reward)Thalmus (sensory info)Hypothalamus (hunger, thirst, body temp & sexual behavior)Pituitary gland (endocrine system, controled by hypothalamus)Amygdala (emotion)Hippocampus (memory) TERM 22 What are components/ functions of cerebrum? DEFINITION 22 Frontal lobe, forward part (movement)Parietal lobe upper middle part (touch)Occipital love back part (vision)Temporal love lower part (hearing TERM 23 How are sensory and motor cortex represented? DEFINITION 23 Motor is in front of somatosensoryBoth are inbetween frontal and parietal lobes TERM 24 What are functions of prefrontal cortex? DEFINITION 24 Higher mental functions orchestration of thoughts and actions planning of complex cognitive behaviors personality decision making social behavior TERM 25 What is brain laterality? DEFINITION 25 Specialization of function between left and right hemisphere TERM 26 What are left hemisphere's functions/controls? DEFINITION 26 Language functions (speaking, reading, writing and understanding language)Analytical (figures things out step- by step)Controls right side of bodyRight visual field TERM 27 What are right hemisphere's functions/controls? DEFINITION 27 Nonverbal abilities (music & art, percpetual and spatiomanipulative skills, expression of emotion, recognition of faces, patterns and melodies, some language comprehension)Synthetic (figures things out by combining to form wholes)Controls left side of bodyleft visual field TERM 28 What are the types of nerve cells? DEFINITION 28 NeuronsGlial TERM 29 What do neurons do? DEFINITION 29 Receive, process and transmit info to other cells TERM 30 What do glial cells do? DEFINITION 30 Hold neurons together and facilitate neural transmissionRemove damaged and dead neuronsPrevent poisons in blood from reaching brain responses to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memoryform fatty substance that prevents things from entering in the brain TERM 31 What are the components of neurons DEFINITION 31 Cell body-the cell's life support centerDendrites- receives messages from other cellsAxon-passes messages away from cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands,Terminal branches of axon- forms junctions with other cellsMyelin sheath-covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulsesNeural impulses (action potential)- electrical signal traveling down axon TERM 32 What are synapses? DEFINITION 32 a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. TERM 33 Components of synampses DEFINITION 33 Presynaptic axon terminal (sends neurotransmitter)Synaptic vesicle (contains neurotransmitter)Synaptic gap- where neurotransmitters released from terminal to dendrite from one neuron to anotherNeurotransmitter (little green dot contains chemical message)Postsynaptic dendrite (receives neurotransmitter) TERM 34 How do neurons communicate? DEFINITION 34 Within neurons-electrical-action potentialBetween neurons- chemical-neurotransmitters TERM 35 How has brain evolved? DEFINITION 35 Vertebrates - only have forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cordFrom Vertebrates --> mammalsadded cerebrum, more forebrain structures (thalamus, hypothalamus), cerebelumHumans - added prefrontal cortex~3 lbs, 3 x relative weight of chimps TERM 46 frontal lobe DEFINITION 46 forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory and planning TERM 47 parietal lobe DEFINITION 47 upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception TERM 48 occipital lobe DEFINITION 48 o back part of the cerebral cortex specialized for vision TERM 49 temporal lobe DEFINITION 49 o back part of the cerebral cortex specialized for vision TERM 50 prefrontal cortex DEFINITION 50 part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language TERM 51 somatosensory cortex DEFINITION 51 : processes and integrates sensory information/ touch from the body TERM 52 motor cortex DEFINITION 52 part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement TERM 53 corpus callosum DEFINITION 53 large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres TERM 54 Thalamus DEFINITION 54 : gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex TERM 55 hypothalamus DEFINITION 55 part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state, controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep/arousal, and circadian cycles TERM 56 hippocampus DEFINITION 56 : part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory TERM 57 amygdala DEFINITION 57 part of the limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement and arousal TERM 58 basal ganglia DEFINITION 58 : structures in the forebrain that help to control movement TERM 59 cerebellum DEFINITION 59 brain structure responsible for our sense of balance TERM 60 brain stem DEFINITION 60 part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the midbrain, pons and medulla