RPSGT Exam Latest 2024-2025 with 200+ Questions and Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download RPSGT Exam Latest 2024-2025 with 200+ Questions and Correct Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 RPSGT EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 WITH 200+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|AGRADE what is the minimum number of diagnostic and therapeutic in a split study? - ANSWER- 2 diagnostic 3 therapeutic what is the most stable stage of sleep respiratory wise? - ANSWER- N3 (NREM is more stable and REM is irregular) What does common mode rejection do? - ANSWER- It is a process that takes input signals and eliminates identical voltages from two different sources (records dissimilar voltages) (higher the CMMR, the more efficient the amplifier) what should the low pass filter for an EEG be if seizures are expected? - ANSWER- 70 Hz (usually 35 Hz) What happens to a waveform is sensitivity is increased? - ANSWER- The vertical size of the wave decreases what is the difference in gain and sensitivity? - ANSWER- Increasing gain increases amplitude and increasing sensitivity decreases the amplitude What is the shortest sleep latency for a MSLT nap? - ANSWER- 15 minutes (longest its 35 minutes) What is HST? - ANSWER- Home sleep test How do you clean ECG electrodes? - ANSWER- Wipe with cleaning agent that is non-corrosive to plastic, air dry, gas sterilization as needed 2 What are the NREM parasomnias? - ANSWER- Confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terror, SRED What are the REM parasomnias? - ANSWER- Nightmares, RBD, sleep paralysis How long does a "short sleeper" sleep? - ANSWER- <6 hours (long: >10) What stage of sleep is CSA more common? - ANSWER- NREM What are SOREMPS? - ANSWER- Occurrence of REM sleep within 15 minutes of sleep onset (<2 = hypersomnia, >2 narcolepsy) What type of narcolepsy is cataplexy present? - ANSWER- Type 1 When is narcolepsy onset age usually? - ANSWER- 10-20 What is the effect of light therapy on circadian rhythms? - ANSWER- Light therapy in the morning, after core body temperature minimum, advances the circadian rhythm (go to bed early, wake up early) What gender does SRED happen in more? - ANSWER- Females What gender does RBD happen more in? - ANSWER- Males (>50) When do disorders of arousal usually disappear? - ANSWER- onset puberty What is another name for "hypnic jerk"? - ANSWER- Sleep start What is cataythrenia? - ANSWER- Sleep related groaning in REM sleep usually What is expected with sleep-related seizures? - ANSWER- Episodes usually last <1 minute, can have multiple episodes, more common in first part of the night, complex behaviors are uncommon What drugs suppress REM? - ANSWER- SSRI TCA Propranolol Benzodiazepines Barbiturates MOA Inhibitors 5 What waves are recorded in the frontal scalp? - ANSWER- Delta and K- Complexes What waves are recorded in the central scalp? - ANSWER- spindles, vertex, sawtooth waves How does LFF affect time constant? - ANSWER- The lowest LFF with have the highest time constant (inverse relationship) What does aliasing do? - ANSWER- Distorts the signal if the sampling rate is too high (will show incorrect frequency and shape) What is the difference between AC and DC? - ANSWER- AC has both LFF and HFF, DC does not have a LFF When does a child enter sleep via NREM? - ANSWER- 3 months old What does aging do to the circadian phase? - ANSWER- advances it What order do peripheral chemistries decrease in response by sleep stage? - ANSWER- N3, N2, R how does peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) estimate AHI? - ANSWER- Using sleep time from actigraphy what is the max sampling rate of a CPOX during a level 1 or 3 study? - ANSWER- _<3 sec of heart rate if 80bpm What type of study can ETCO2 only be used in? - ANSWER- Diagnostic What can be best recorded by an oronasal thermal sensor? - ANSWER- Apnea What is fall time constant? - ANSWER- The time it takes for a wave to decay to 37% of max amplitude What is rise time constant? - ANSWER- The time it takes for a wave to rise to 63% of its max amplitude Short time constant should be used to Monitor what channel? - ANSWER- EMG 6 Why is a LFF considered a high pass filter? - ANSWER- because it always high frequencies to pass through a patients oximeter reading during patient calibration is 88%. which of the following would be the appropriate response? - answer- place the probe on the patients earlobe a patient with ondines curse would be expected to have which type of respiratory impairment in sleep - answer- central sleep apnea according to the aasm, intercostal emg activity is an acceptable alternative sesor for recording what parmeter - answer- detection of respiratory effort slow rolling eye movements occuring during stage n1 sleep will best be seen at low filter setting of - answer- 0.3hz a 1.0 hz eeg wave is measured at 15mm peak to peak. the sensitivity is 5uv/mm. the voltage of the wave is - answer- 75uv a cheyne stokes breathing pattern is often seen in patients with - answer- congestive heart failure capnography measures - answer- expired co2 which of the following high frequency filter settings is recommended for recording submental emg - answer- 100hz endoesophageal pressure measurements would be most helpful in evalutating which sleep disorders - answer- sleep related breathing disorders a patient being evaluated for obstructive sleep disordered breathing has atrial fibrillation. what should the tech do - answer- continue to observe and document rhythm which of the following is the most dangerous cardiac rhythm - answer- ventricular fibrillation 7 how would you compute sleep efficiency - answer- total sleep time divided by time in bed x 100 how do you calculate apnea + hypopnea index - answer- # apneas and hypopneas divided by tst x60 which high pass filter setting is most appropriate for recording respiration - answer- 0.1hz the purpose of an exhalation port in a cpap circuit is - answer- to vent exhaled c02 which of the following are characteristic of a pvc - answer- the qrs is wide and bizarre a normal variation in sinus rhythm which is related to respiratory rate and results from vagal tone inhibition describes - answer- sinus arrhythmia a sustained heart rate of >90 beats/minute describes - answer- sinus tachycardia partial av block in which the pr interval increases progressively until there is an atrial impulse without a corresponding ventricular beat describes - answer- mobitz type 1 av block what is the most likely low frequency filter setting of channel 1 - answer- 1.0 hz which channel setting is best for emg recording - answer- 2 chan 2 has a very quich return to baseline, (very short time constat) refer to the 30 second epoch shown here. if the next epoch contains 30 seconds of low voltage, mixed frequency in the 4-7 hz range, and no eye movements, what is the sleep stage of that next epoch? - answer- stage n1 the epoch shown contains a k complex, possible a spindle and less than 20% high amplitude slow waves, making it stage n2 there is an arousal at the end of the epoch. if the following epoch is as descrived, without either a k complex or spindle. it is then stage n1 a patient has poor extremity circulation that is affecting the accuracy of the pulse oximetry readings from finger probe. which would be the most appropriate action - answer- put the probe on the patients ear 10 at least three consecutive cycles of cyclical crescendo and decrescendo change in breathing amplitude with an index of 5 or more central apenas or hypopneas or a duration of at least 10 consecutive minutes is the aasm recommended rule for - answer- cheyne stoke's breathing hypoxemia is - answer- decreased oxygenation in the blood if a patient with suspected advanced sleep phase syndrome is studied in the sleep lab at conventional hours (recording time from 10 to 11 p.m. to 6 to 7 a.m) what would you expect to see - answer- prolonged wakefulness at the end of the recording sleep efficiency is defined as - answer- the ratio of all sleep stages to trt rem sleep is associated with which of the following psychologic activity - answer- variable heart rate, irregular respiration, and decrease in tonic muscle activity according to a aasm how many seconds of stable sleep must proceed each arousal - answer- 10 seconds according to the aasm. what is the minimum period of time between limb movements and a plm series - answer- 5 seconds which of the following patients would be most likelyto have a history of cataplexy - answer- a patient with narcolepsy 2-5 % of tst, in a normal young adult, is characteristic of which sleep stage - answer- n1 a plm episode is classified as - answer- at least 4 limb movements lasting 0.5-10 seconds separated by 5-90 seconds according to aasm, what is the minimum recommended digital resolution - answer- 12 bits per sample according to aasm, what is the minimum recommended sampling rate for eeg - answer- 500 hz according to aasm, what is the definition of stage r latency - answer- sleep onset to the first epoch of stage r 11 which of the following epworth sleepiness scale scores would be considered abnormal - answer- 18 according to aasm, what is the frequency range of slow wave activity - answer- 0.5-2 hz a patient is scheduled for a psg & in reviewing his history, you see that he had a previous psg that indicated "rem-related apnea. when would expect to see the highest concentration of respiratory events on his study - answer- during the last third of the study in bi-level positive airway pressure, what is the purpose of the pressure drop during exhalation - answer- increased comfort for patients who have trouble exhaling against an incoming pressure a person with delayed sleep phase syndrome is most likely to be - answer- an adolescent central sleep apnea is demonstrated by which of the following - answer- simultaneous cessation of airflow and respiratory effort with a signal deflection of 10mm and an input voltage of 50uv, what would the sensitivity setting be - answer- 5uv intercostal emg is best seen with which time constant - answer- 0.003 seconds time constant for emg would be very short this would correspond to the recommended lff setting of 10hz which of the following best describes how bi-level pressures should be adjusted for a patient with osas - answer- epap is increased to eliminate apneas ipap is increased to eliminate hypopneas, snoring, and desaturation in a policy and procedure manual, which of the following best describes a procedure - answer- details the implementation of a policy a montage with the following derivations on adjacent channels is described as fp1- f3 f3-c3 c3-p3 p3-o1 - answer- bipolar 12 what is the purpose of the msds - answer- details safe handling of chemical products used in the workplace a patient is referred to the sleep lab who injects themselves with insulin for diabetes. while cleaning the set up area, the tech is accidently stuck with the needle, left by the patient. what is the first thing that the tech should do. - answer- wash the area of the stick with soap and water what property of the eye makes it a dipole - answer- a difference in electrical potential between the cornea and retina which of the following are psg characteristics of rem behavior disorder - answer- sustained chin emg during stage r or increased transient muscle activity in the chin or left emg during stage r what is the purpose of standard precautions - answer- reduce the risk of transmission's of blood-borne pathogens and pathogens from moist body substances a popular acronym for remembering fire safety is race. what does the letter c stand for - answer- contain sleep paralysis - answer- usually lasts a few seconds to a few minutes a class c fire involved electrical equipment. if the equipment can't be unplugged what type of fire extinguisher should be utilized - answer- carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguisher a 30 second epoch of stage r is followed by an epoch with no change in the chin emg, no rapid eye movements, five seconds of alpha and a spindle in the second half of the epoch, how should the second epoch be scored - answer- stage n2 nrem arousal require a concurrent change in the eeg and the - answer- only eeg change is required according to a aasm what is required for an optimal pap titration - answer- ahi of less than 5, and at least 15 minutes of supine stage r without frequent spontaneous arousals according to the nyquist criterion the sampling rate should be at least - answer- 15 What is one of the contributing causes of EKG artifact in the arm or leg leads? - ANSWER- Voltage differences resulting from increased electrode distances What is the first step in differentiating high frequency artifact caused from muscle vs. a poor electrode connection? - ANSWER- Impedance check What is true regarding the scoring of an epoch containing major body movement? - ANSWER- Alpha coming into the movement constitutes scoring epoch as wake, and N2 coming into movement with no alpha/slow rolling eye movements constitutes scoring the movement epoch as N2 According to the AASM Scoring criteria, what is associated with stage N1 sleep? - ANSWER- Slow rolling eye movements and relatively low-voltage mixed frequency EEG activity What best describes sharp vertex waves (K complex)? - ANSWER- More prominent in later portion of N1 and most prominent in the centrals Which best describes the end of a REM sleep episode? - ANSWER- Sustained increase in the submittal EMG A K complex is observed at the end of epoch 60. Low voltage mixed frequency EEG with increased EMG is observed up through epoch 64. Another k complex is observed at the start of epoch 65. How would you score epoch 61-64? - ANSWER- N2 According to AASM Scoring criteria what is true in regards to scoring wake for epochs with major body movements? - ANSWER- Alpha is present leading into major body movements Which EEG signal will be attenuated the MOST with a high filter setting of 15 Hz? - ANSWER- Beta The technician observes continuous 1-2 Hz brainwave measuring 17mm peak to peak between the 10th and 28th second of the epoch. The sensitivity is set at 5 uv/mm. What would this epoch be scored as? - ANSWER- N3 What features are common to stage N1 and REM? - ANSWER- Low voltage EEG and Asynchronous EEG 16 Describe a K complex - ANSWER- Biphasic, with a minimum of 0.5 second duration A low filter is set at 1Hz. What will occur? - ANSWER- Signals at 1 Hz will be attenuated and may lead to an under scoring of SWS A scoring tech notices the EEG montage is set up with sensitivities of 5 uv/mm. During the testing of an infant, they notice 1-2 Hz frequent with pen deflections of 20mm. What is true in regards to the situatation above? - ANSWER- EEG voltage criteria meet specifications for SWS and changing the sensitivity to 10 uv/mm should produce 10 mm pen deflections. In a 30 second epoch, a single k complex occurs at the 10th second points. The preceding and succeeding epochs are REM. This epoch is scored as: - ANSWER- REM Alpha and Delta sleep are associated with what? - ANSWER- Fibromyalgia According to the accepted sleep scoring standards, if other scoring criteria are met, which of the following activities would be considered an event when each is 0.5 seconds of duration? A. PLM B. Arousal C. Spindle D. K complex - ANSWER- PLM, spindle, and K-complex True or False: Alpha may be present in REM - ANSWER- True You are asked to score a study where the ROC and LOC electrodes are placed out and down from the outer corner of each eye and referenced to Fpz. What will the waves on these channels do when the patient looks up? - ANSWER- Both channel waves will move upwards What stage is this? Alpha (>50% epoch) - ANSWER- Wake What stage is this? Delta (60% epoch) - ANSWER- N3 What stage is this? PGO waves - ANSWER- REM What stage is this? Vertex waves - ANSWER- N1 17 A patient's EKG tracing shows an irregular R-R rhythm without alterations to the P, QRS, and the T waves. What is the name if this arrhythmia? - ANSWER- Sinus arrhythmia The vertical position of the pens with the polysomnograph amplifiers turned off is referred to as what? - ANSWER- Mechanical baseline An mSLT nap starts at epoch 28. The patient never initiates sleep. What epoch should you terminate the nap on? - ANSWER- Epoch 68 The narcolepsy tetrad includes all the following EXCEPT: 1. Excessive daytime sleepiness 2. Nocturnal myoclonus 3. Cataplexy 4. Sleep paralysis - ANSWER- 2. Nocturnal myoclonus Patient arrives to sleep lab on a nasal cannula at 12 lpm. No specific oxygen order is noted with the PSG study. What would be the most appropriate action? - ANSWER- Contact the ordering physician for order clarification According to the ASDA guidelines, what best defines an arousal during NREM? - ANSWER- A shift in EEG frequency for a minimum of 3 seconds A sawtooth or picket fence appearance on the EKG baseline suggests which type of rhythm? - ANSWER- Atrial flutter According to the principles of differential amplification, electrical interference can best be prevented if. .. ? - ANSWER- The impedances of input electrodes are similar A patient is found unconscious and breathless in the washroom. The technologist is unable to get a breath into the patient, even after repositioning the patient's head. What should the technologist do next? - ANSWER- Straddle the patient and perform abdominal thrusts (chest compressions) The recommended EEG scalp electrode impedance levels are: - ANSWER- <5,000 ohms