NCLEX PN 2024 Exam Questions and Answers on Cardiovascular Health, Exams of Nursing

Download NCLEX PN 2024 Exam Questions and Answers on Cardiovascular Health and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NGN NCLEX PN 2024 EXAM QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS (CARDIOVASCULAR) | GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED) The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a post-myocardial infarction (MI) client who will be taking 1 baby aspirin a day. The nurse determines that the client understands the use of this medication if the client makes which statement? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"I will take this medication every day." A client with heart failure is scheduled to be discharged to home with digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix) as ongoing prescribed medications. The nurse teaches the client to report which sign/symptom that indicates the medications are not producing the intended effect? ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Weight gain 2 to 3 pounds in a few days The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client with angina pectoris about measures to reduce recurrence of chest pain. The nurse should stress to the client the importance of taking which measure? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Avoiding exposure to either very hot or very cold The nurse in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client suddenly develops extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and lung crackles, and the nurse suspects pulmonary edema. The nurse immediately notifies the registered nurse and expects which interventions to be prescribed? Select all that apply. ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Administering oxygen Inserting a Foley catheter Administering furomeside (Lasix) Administering morphine sulfate intravenously The nurse has reinforced instructions to the family of an older client who seems anxious about being discharged after cardiac surgery. The nurse understands further teaching is needed if a family member makes which statement? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"A daily half-mile-long brisk walk generally helps people bounce back more quickly and provides more of a sense of control." The nurse has reinforced dietary instructions to a client with coronary artery disease. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary instructions? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"I should routinely use polyunsaturated oils in my diet." The nurse is planning a dietary menu for a client with heart failure being treated with digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). Which would be the best dinner choice from the daily menu? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Baked pollock, mashed potatoes, and carrot-raisin salad A hospitalized client with a history of angina pectoris is ambulating in the corridor. The client suddenly complains of severe substernal chest pain. The nurse should take which action first? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Assist the client to sit or lie down The nurse is monitoring a client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which finding is probably unrelated to the AAA? ----CORRECT ANSWER--- -------Hyperactive bowel sounds in the area The health care provider is discharging a client with a diagnosis of primary hypertension. Which health maintenance instructions should the nurse reinforce in the discharge teaching plan? Select all that apply. ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Monitor the blood pressure at home Restrict sodium intake as prescribed Eye examinations with an ophthalmoscope should be routine Follow-up appointments for blood pressure checks are important The nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for a client who will be returning to the nursing unit following a cardiac catheterization via the femoral approach. Which nursing intervention should be included in the postprocedure plan of care? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Encourage the client to increase fluid intake While the nurse is involved in preparing a client for a cardiac catheterization, the client says, "I don't want to talk with you. You're only the nurse. I want my doctor." Which response by the nurse should be therapeutic? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"So you're saying that you want to talk to your health care provider?" A client is admitted with an arterial ischemic leg ulcer. The nurse expects to note that this ulcer has which typical characteristic? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Deep and painful The nurse finds a client tensing while lying in bed staring at the cardiac monitor. Which is the nurse's best response when the client states, "There sure are a lot of wires around there. I sure hope we don't get hit by lightning!"? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"Yes, this equipment is a little scary. Can we talk about how cardiac monitor works?" The nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical signs are most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care provider? Select all that apply. ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Pink-tinged frothy sputum Increase in respiratory rate Auscultation of crackles throughout the lungs The nurse is preparing to care for a client who will be arriving from the recovery room after an above-the-knee amputation. The nurse ensures that which priority item is available for emergency use? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Surgical tourniquet The nurse is discussing smoking cessation with a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which statement should the nurse make to the client to try to motivate the client to quit smoking? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"If you quit now, your risk of cardiovascular disease will decrease to that of a nonsmoker in 3 to 4 years." A client who experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) tells the nurse that he is fearful about not being able to return to a normal life. Which action by the nurse is therapeutic at this time? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Explore the specific concerns with the client. A client complaining of chest pain has an as-needed (PRN) prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin (Nitrostat). Before administering the medication to the client, the nurse should first check which? ----CORRECT ANSWER------ ----Blood pressure The nurse is caring for a client who is developing pulmonary edema. The client exhibits respiratory distress, but the blood pressure is unchanged from the client's baseline. As an immediate action before help arrives, the nurse should perform which action? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Place the client in high-Fowler's position A 24-year-old man seeks medical attention for complaints of claudication in the arch of the foot. The nurse also notes superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower leg. The nurse should check the client for which next? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Smoking history A client in a long-term care facility who has a history of angina pectoris wants to go for a short walk outside with a family member. It is a sunny but chilly December day. The nurse should perform which intervention to care for this client in a holistic manner? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Instruct the family member to dress the client warmly before going outside. A client who has undergone femoropopliteal bypass grafting says to the nurse, "I hope I don't have any more problems that could make me lose my leg. I'm so afraid that I'll have gone through this for nothing." Which is an appropriate nursing response? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------"You are concerned about losing your leg?" The nurse is collecting data on a client with a diagnosis of angina pectoris who takes nitroglycerin for chest pain. During the admission, the client reports chest pain. The nurse immediately asks the client which question? - ---CORRECT ANSWER----------"Where is the pain located?" The health care provider is discharging a client with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure. Which health maintenance instructions should the nurse reinforce in the discharge teaching plan? Select all that apply. ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Obtain annual influenza vaccination Avoid adding salt to foods or in cooking Report a weight gain of 3 or more pounds in a week The nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and hears these sounds. (Refer to audio.) The nurse identifies these as being produced during which phase of the cardiac cycle? Play Sound ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Passive filling phase of ventricles A client with coronary artery disease has selected guided imagery to help cope with psychological stress. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of this stress reduction measure? ----CORRECT ANSWER-- --------"The best thing about this is that I can use it anywhere, anytime." The nurse is told during shift report that a client is having occasional ventricular dysrhythmias. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory results, recalling that which electrolyte imbalance could be responsible for this development? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Hypokalemia The nurse is monitoring a client following cardioversion. Which observations should be of highest priority to the nurse? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Status of airway A client with a diagnosis of rapid rate atrial fibrillation asks the nurse why the health care provider is going to perform carotid massage. The nurse responds that this procedure may stimulate which? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Vagus nerve to slow the heart rate A client seeks medical attention for intermittent episodes in which the fingers of both hands become cold, pale, and numb. The client states that they then become reddened and swollen with a throbbing, achy pain and Raynaud's disease is diagnosed. Which factor would precipitate these episodes? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Ingestion of coffee or chocolate The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Buerger's disease. Which finding should the nurse determine is a potential complication associated with this disease? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Numbness and tingling in the legs A client with myocardial infarction (MI) has been transferred from the coronary care unit (CCU) to the general medical unit with cardiac monitoring via telemetry. The nurse assisting in caring for the client expects to note which type of activity prescribed? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Bathroom privileges and self-care activities The nurse working in a long-term care facility is collecting data from a client experiencing chest pain. The nurse should interpret that the pain is likely a result of myocardial infarction (MI) if which observation is made by the nurse? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------The pain has not been unrelieved by rest and nitroglycerin tablets The nurse is assisting in the care of a client diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. The nurse should reinforce instructions to the client to notify the dentist before dental procedures for which reason? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------The client requires prophylactic antibiotics before treatment A client with myocardial infarction suddenly becomes tachycardic, shows signs of air hunger, and begins coughing frothy, pink-tinged sputum. The nurse listens to breath sounds, expecting to hear which breath sounds bilaterally? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Crackles An older client with ischemic heart disease has experienced an episode of dizziness and shortness of breath. The nurse reviews the plan of care and notices documentation of decreased cardiac output, dyspnea, and syncopal episodes. The nurse plans to take which important action? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Place the client on a cardiac monitor The nurse is assisting in caring for a client in the telemetry unit who is receiving an intravenous infusion of 1000 mL 5% dextrose with 40 mEq of potassium chloride. Which occurrence observed on the cardiac monitor indicates the presence of hyperkalemia? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Tall, peaked T waves A client is admitted to the hospital with a venous stasis leg ulcer. The nurse inspects the ulcer expecting to note which observation? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------The ulcer has a brownish or "brawny" appearance A female client complains of an "odd, left-sided, twinge-like pain" along the anterior axillary line and states she has had this feeling for the past 3 days. nurse understands that a life-threatening complication of this condition is which? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Pulmonary embolism The nurse is collecting data on a client who was just admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The client reveals having been under a great deal of stress recently. Which should the nurse do next? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Explore with the client the sources of stress in life The nurse is assisting a hospitalized client who is newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) to make appropriate selections from the dietary menu. The nurse encourages the client to select which meal? ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Fresh strawberries, steamed vegetables, and baked fish The clinic nurse is obtaining cardiovascular data on a client. The nurse prepares to check the client's apical pulse and places the stethoscope in which position? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------At the mid-clavicular line at the fifth left intercoastal space The nurse is checking the neurovascular status of a client who returned to the surgical nursing unit 4 hours ago after undergoing an aortoiliac bypass graft. The affected leg is warm, and the nurse notes redness and edema. The pedal pulse is palpable and unchanged from admission. The nurse interprets that the neurovascular status is which? ----CORRECT ANSWER- ---------Normal, caused by increased blood flow through the leg A client with hyperlipidemia is seen in the clinic for a follow-up visit. Which dietary modifications should the nurse include to lower the risk of coronary heart disease? Select all that apply. ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Use liquid vegetable oil Increase intake of fruits Choose whole grain foods Remove skin from poultry A client is seen in the health care provider's office for a physical examination after experiencing unusual fatigue over the last several weeks. Height is 5 feet, 8 inches, with a weight of 220 pounds. Vital signs are temperature 98.6° F oral, pulse 86 beats per minute, respirations 18 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 184/96 mm Hg. Random blood glucose is 110 mg/dL. In order to best collect relevant data, which question should the nurse ask the client first? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- "When was the last time you had your blood pressure checked?" The nurse has given simple instructions on preventing some of the complications of bed rest to a client who experienced a myocardial infarction. The nurse should intervene if the client was performing which of these contraindicated activities? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Isometric exercises of the arms and legs A client is at risk for developing disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). The nurse should become concerned with which fibrinogen level? --- -CORRECT ANSWER----------90 mg/dL The nurse is assigned to assist with caring for a client after cardiac catheterization. The nurse should plan to maintain bed rest for this client in which position? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Head elevation of no more than 30 degrees The nurse is evaluating the effects of care for the client with deep vein thrombosis. Which limb observations should the nurse note as indicating the least success in meeting the outcome criteria for this problem? ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Pedal edema that is 3+ The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of angina pectoris. The client is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L. The client asks the nurse why the oxygen is necessary. The nurse bases the response on which information? ----CORRECT ANSWER-- --------Deficient oxygenation to heart cells result in angina pectoris pain A student nurse is assigned to assist in caring for a client with acute pulmonary edema who is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) and heparin therapy. The nursing instructor reviews the plan of care formulated by the student and tells the student that which intervention is unsafe? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Restricting the client's potassium intake The nurse is beginning to ambulate a client with activity intolerance caused by bacterial endocarditis. The nurse determines that the client is best tolerating ambulation if which parameter is noted? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Blood pressure that increases from 114/82 to 118/86 mmHg A client in pulmonary edema has a prescription to receive morphine sulfate intravenously. The licensed practical nurse assisting in caring for the client determines that the client experienced an intended effect of the medication if which is noted? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Relief of apprehension For a client diagnosed with pulmonary edema, the nurse establishes a goal to have the client participate in activities that reduce cardiac workload. Which client activities will contribute to achieving this goal? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Using a bedside commode for stools The nurse is planning measures to decrease the incidence of chest pain for a client with angina pectoris. The nurse should do which intervention to effectively accomplish this goal? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Provide a quiet and low-stimulus environment The nurse is caring for a client in the cardiac care unit with heart disease. The nurse knows that the direction of blood flows through the heart and lungs in which order? Please arrange the blood flow in the direction of flow. All options must be used. ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Blood flows to the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cavae Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve Blood flows from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation Blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium Blood flows from the left atrium via the mitral valve to the left ventricle Blood flows from the left ventricle to the aorta and then to the systemic circulation A client is at risk for complications of heart failure. Which is the nurse's priority for early detection of the most likely cause of complications with this client? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Evaluating total body fluid A client has received instructions about an upcoming cardiac catheterization. The nurse determines that the client has the best understanding of the procedure if the client knows to report which symptoms? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Chest pain The nurse notes this rhythm on the client's cardiac monitor. The nurse next reports that the client is experiencing which heart rhythm? Refer to figure. View Figure ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Atrial Fibrillation The nurse is asked to assist another health care member in providing care to a client who is placed in a modified Trendelenburg's position. The nurse interprets that the client is likely being treated for which condition? ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Shock The nurse is assisting a client admitted to the hospital with pulmonary edema to prepare for discharge. The nurse should reinforce with the client the importance of complying with which measure to prevent a recurrence? - ---CORRECT ANSWER----------Weigh self every morning before breakfast A client's blood pressure is 100/78 mm Hg; the client has tachycardia and is cool and pale. The nurse assists the client to which position to promote tissue oxygenation and alleviate hypoxia? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Semi-Fowler's A client with a history of angina pectoris complains of substernal chest pain. The nurse checks the client's blood pressure and administers nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingually. Five minutes later, the client is still experiencing chest pain. If the blood pressure is still stable, the nurse should take which action next? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Administer another nitroglycerin tablet A client brings the following medications to the clinic for a yearly physical. The nurse realizes which medication has been prescribed to treat heart failure? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Digoxin (Lanoxin) The nurse is preparing to ambulate a postoperative client after cardiac surgery. The nurse plans to do which to enable the client to best tolerate the ambulation? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Premedicate the client with an analgesic before ambulating A client has an Unna boot applied for treatment of a venous stasis leg ulcer. The nurse notes that the client's toes are mottled, and cool and the client verbalizes some numbness and tingling of the foot. Which interpretation should the nurse make of these findings? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------The boot has been applied too tightly The nurse is using a stethoscope to listen to the client's heart and hears this sound. (Refer to audio.) To assist in identifying the sound, the nurse should take which initial and best action? Play Sound ----CORRECT ANSWER----------Palpate the carotid pulse for a pulsation The nurse is caring for a client with coronary artery disease, and a topical nitrate is prescribed for the client. Why is acetaminophen (Tylenol) usually prescribed to be taken before the administration of the topical nitrate? ---- CORRECT ANSWER----------Headache is a common side effect of nitrates