NHA Phlebotomy National Exam Actual Exam, Exams of Nursing

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NHA Phlebotomy National Exam Actual Exam | NHA Phlebotomy Certification | Questions and Answers | Already Passed | Latest Edition (Just Released) Which of the following statements regarding standard precautions for infection control is false? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Use both hands to recap needles Antisepsis is a technique that is used on which of the following? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------skin How often should latex gloves be changed? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Between patient contacts Once you have stopped excessive bleeding, what should you apply over the site? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Pressure bandage The patient may leave when the bleeding has stopped com-pletely, and there are no signs of ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Syncope What is the difference between syncope and hypovolemic shock? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Fainting may be caused by pain or emotions You are performing venipuncture, and a hemorrhage occurs in a limb. What must you do? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Elevate the extremity and continue applying pressure until more medical assistance arrives How long should you scrub hands when washing according to CDC? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------30 seconds Where should you dispose of all contaminated material? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----A biohazard bag What is the best way to prevent infection and transmission? ----CORRECT ANSWER---- ---------Handwashing When disinfecting a venipunc-ture site, why should you not use cotton balls? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Cotton balls leave behind small fibers While transferring serum into an isolator tube, some blood splashes into your eyes. What must you do? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Rinse your eyes with water for 15 minutes You are conducting a streptococcal pharyngitis test on a pa-tient. What transmission- based precaution should you take? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Droplet You observe a glucometer reading of 250 mL/dL. You get a reading in the average range when you do a second test. What may have caused the first result? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------You used too much blood You are to perform a glucometer reading for a young adult while the patient's parent is in the room. The parent asks what the patient's glucose level is. What should you do? -- --CORRECT ANSWER-------------Ask the patient for permission to provide the results to the parent Alcohol that has not fully dried on the venipuncture site can lead to ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Hemolysis of the specimen What is alcohol's purpose in bacterial testing? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Remove oil What is the purpose of povi-done-iodine in bacterial testing? ----CORRECT ANSWER--- ----------Kill bacteria What should you use at the venipuncture site if the patient is allergic to alcohol? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Chlorhexidine gluconate What form must you and the patient sign to permit blood tests to determine exposure? -- --CORRECT ANSWER-------------HIV What is required following accidental exposure to body fluids? ----CORRECT ANSWER- ------------Documentation of the accidental exposure What is the first priority after accidental exposure? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- First aid What is the term for the following equipment: gloves, masks, gowns, face shields, and gog-gles? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Personal Protective Equipment What PPE should be worn for venipuncture? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Gloves When should you wash your hands? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------before and after every patient What should be done if your gloves are punctured or torn? ----CORRECT ANSWER----- --------Replace the gloves Where should you dispose of used needles and lancets? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----Sharps container According to the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, what two guidelines must all at-risk employees adhere to? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Personal protective equipment ment and HBV immunization What organization establishes regulations for phlebotomists to work as effectively and safely as possible? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------OSHA What guidelines protect healthcare professionals from exposure to body fluids, prevent ex-posure, and train for handling situations of body fluid exposure? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Bloodborne Pathogen Standard All phlebotomists and healthcare professionals must deem body fluids as.. ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Potentially infectious What information must the sharps injury log include? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Date, time, type of sharps used, staff or patient involved (without names), location, description In the case of a splash risk, what can you use instead of a full-face shield? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Goggles and face mask What independent, non-govern-mental, nonprofit organization accredits and certifies healthcare facilities to focus on the continual importance of quality of care and patient safety? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The Toint Commission (TIC) What organization established the proper order of draw for venipuncture? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) What should you first use to disinfect a needlestick injury? ----CORRECT ANSWER------ -------Hydrogen peroxide Starting a procedure without consent is considered ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Assault What should you do if a patient refuses care? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Notify a nurse and the ordering physician How should you obtain patient identification from a conscious patient prior to venipuncture? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Ask the patient, "What is your name?" How often should laboratory equipment be cleaned? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Several times a day What lab test is the least complicated to perform, with results that are as accurate as possible and a low risk of error? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------CLIA-waived tests When obtaining patient identi-fication, which of the following information do you need? -- --CORRECT ANSWER-------------Patient number, full name, date of birth When drawing blood from a patient admitted for cardiac symp-toms, what action should you take when drawing blood? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Collect the patient's blood Which information is required on the requisition form for an outpatient blood collection? - ---CORRECT ANSWER-------------Patient's billing information and test status A patient has a history of syncope in previous blood collec-tions. What should you do to avoid this happening? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Place the patient in a su- pine position What should the patient do before their blood is taken for a cholesterol test? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Sit for about 5 minutes before test What should you use when taking a sample for a coagulation test from a three-year-old patient? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Winged safety butterfly What should you do if an inpatient has an IV in both arms? ----CORRECT ANSWER----- --------Ask the nurse to turn off IVs for two minutes In what position should a patient's arm be during venipuncture? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Extended fully downward A blood sample of a patient who ate a fatty meal before blood collection is processing. What should you expect to find about the specimen after centrifugation? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The specimen is lipemic. Before blood collection, a patient tells you he is taking warfarin (anticoagulant meds). What type of test will be affected by this medication? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- PT/INR You are taking a patient's blood sample to check for lithium level after a dose of medication. At which level should you collect the sample? ----CORRECT ANSWER------ -------Peak How should you answer if a patient asks you why his blood is to be collected? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------You should ask your provider about the test. When collecting a urine sample for a culture and sensitivity test, how should you direct your patient to do so? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------"You must collect a midstream clean catch specimen." What information should you provide to the patient about the venipuncture procedure? - ---CORRECT ANSWER-------------"I will swab the area twice to ensure it is sterile." What should you do when preparing to collect blood samples to track a patient's medication levels? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Ask the nurse when the medication was last administered What type of urine sample should a patient collect for a pregnancy test? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------First morning void How should you interact with a patient wearing hearing aids to ensure he understands the pro-cedure? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------"Would you like me to repeat the directions?" How should you check an ID if a patient is unconscious? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----Use the ID bracelet only if attached to the wrist What makes an ID bracelet an acceptable form of ID? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------- --Worn around patient's wrist only When can you ask the family to identify the patient? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- When the patient is alert but unable to communicate What is a requisition form? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Identification form with last name, birth date, and other information All patients are subject to protection under the ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Patients bill of rights The patient does not have the right to ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Access the health information of family members What is explicit consent required for? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Only larger, invasive treatments What should a requisition form include? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------the patient's full name, sex, birth date, ID number, lab test ordered by the patient's doctor, the full name of the doctor, date and time of the lab test, and your initials as the phlebotomist. What is informed consent? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Clear consent from a patient after hearing a detailed explanation from the phlebotomist The term right to know refers to: ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The patient's legal right to know about the medical treatments and procedures they will receive What is a characteristic of geriatric patients that may make venipuncture challenging? -- --CORRECT ANSWER-------------The veins move more quickly if not anchored well enough What is a characteristic of pediatric patients that may make venipuncture challenging? -- --CORRECT ANSWER-------------They have a lower blood volume than adults How must you approach drawing blood from a pediatric patient? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------You must monitor and document the amount of blood drawn Why do newborns need more blood? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------They have a higher ratio of red blood cells to plasma than adults do If a patient has an IV in both arms, how long before veni-puncture should the nurse turn both IVs off? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------2-15 minutes before drawing How should consent be obtained in emergency blood collections? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Patient consent is assumed A timed specimen is used to measure how the body's metab-olization of a substance, monitor anticoagulant therapy, and ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Monitor changes in a patient's condition What tests can be inaccurate if the patient is not fasting? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- ------Glucose -Cholesterol -Iron A phlebotomy technician is preparing to perform a neonatal screening test. The technician should identify which of the following is the optimal time to perform the test? - ---CORRECT ANSWER-------------Between 24 and 72 hours after birth What information is needed for the requisition form? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Patient billing information and test status When should a patient begin the collection of their 24-hour urine collection? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------At the second void of the day What test is used to screen for diabetes? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------2-hour postprandial specimens What is the name for the daily fluctuations in body hormonal levels and chemistry? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Diurnal variation What is the first thing to do when collecting blood using a central venous access device? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Discard 5 mL of blood How much blood should be flushed or discarded for coagulation tests? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------20 mL What do the following tests have in common: ammonia, lactic acid, acetone, PTH, homo-cysteine, ABG? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------They all must be chilled right after collection What do the following tests have in common: Bilirubin, Vitamin A, folate, vitamins A, B6, and B12? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------They are all tests that are affected by light exposure What do the following tests have in common: molecular diagnostic specimens, drug screening, and blood alcohol specimens? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------All are used for forensic studies What is the first course of action if a patient has an IV? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- ---the other arm Where should you select the site if drawing from the same arm as the IV? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Below the IV site What should you document in the case of venipuncture on the same arm of an IV? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Document that the draw was distal to the IV and the type of solution What should you not do after disinfecting the venipuncture site? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Wipe the skin dry with a cotton ball What should you do during venipuncture if the patient has many severe burns? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Avoid the burned areas How long should a tourniquet remain on the patient? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 1 minute The patient becomes pale and diaphoretic during venipunc-ture? What is going on? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------The patient has syncope What happens if you have collected a STAT specimen but forget to label it with the patient ID number? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The lab will reject the specimen What can be used as patient identification for inpatients? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----Verbal patient identification -Intact, attached ID bracelet -Driver's license What should you do if the patient says they feel a sharp pain down the arm? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Remove tourniquet and needle ASAP What does the word phlebotomy mean? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Red, blood What is a venesection? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Another word for phlebotomy An emergency lab test request occurs in which phase of lab testing? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Preanalytical During which phase is a blood specimen tested? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Analytical What is the best way to apply antiseptic agents to the site? ----CORRECT ANSWER----- --------Use friction in a back-and-forth motion What should you say to a patient to know if they have ever fainted before during a blood draw? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------"Have you ever experienced difficulty in previous blood draws?" If a patient faints, how long should you stay with them? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- ---15 minutes What if the patient does not regain consciousness? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Call a nurse or a physician What should you do if a patient's artery is accidentally punctured? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Remove the needle and apply firm pressure for 5 minutes What colors are blood culture tube caps? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Blue and purple tube What is the recommended blood-to-anticoagulation ratio of a tube? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------9:1 What if it takes longer than 1 minute to find the vein? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Remove the tourniquet,wait 2 minutes, put it back on, and try again What makes some veins harder to find or more collapsable? ----CORRECT ANSWER--- ----------Dehydration What is a complication caused by blood leaking into the tissues? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Hematoma You can only draw from the IV if you ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Have a nurse or doctor's permission What two things can help dilate veins and make them easier to find? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Heat and exercise This feature is a shield that covers the needle and retracts the needle back into the needle cap. ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Re-sheathing device What is a slowly performed blood draw called? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Incorrect blood draw What can probing or too much needle repositioning within the vein do? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Hemolysis What should you do when conducting a second venipuncture? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Always use a new tube when conducting a second blood draw What can occur if you combine two partially filled tubes with the same additive? ---- CORRECT ANSWER--------------The blood to additive ratio will be affected -Inaccurate test results How many times should you invert blue top tubes (sodium citrate)? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------3-4 times How many times should you invert gold top tubes (SST)? ----CORRECT ANSWER------- ------5 times What do you do if you accidentally probe a nerve with the nee-dle? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Move the needle away and reposition to find the vein When should you label a patient's specimen? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------After collecting the blood Can you disclose a patient's lab result to a nurse? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------No You apply the tourniquet on a patient, and small reddish brown spots appear below. What are these called? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Petechiae What can cause hemolysis? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Shaking the collection tube too hard How do you correctly insert a needle? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Insert until you feel a change in resistance (be-comes easier to slip inside) What are areas of a diabetic patient more susceptible to infection? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Leg or foot What is the best equipment to use for collecting from an older patient with collapsable veins? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Butterfly collection system with an ETS tube From where should you collect blood from a ten-month-old infant for a routine CBC? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Either heel When doing a skin puncture, what color tubes should be used for WBC, RBC, glucose, and electrolyte tests? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Lavender and red What should you ask your patient before collecting blood for a metabolite pane? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------"When was the last time you ate?" What is the name for a protein that prompts the creation of antibodies? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Antigen What is the purpose of the CDC's Contact Precautions? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------To reduce the risk of spreading bacteria via direct or indirect contact What protein is essential to the formation of blood clots? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----Fibrin Where are blood cells and platelets created in the body? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----Bone narrow What type of lymphocyte is in charge of creating antibodies to protect against foreign pathogens. ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------lymphocytes What occurs during the diastole phase of the cardiovascular cycle? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Blood from the body fills the ventricles A pediatric patient weighs 15.4 kg. What is the maximum volume of blood to draw during a venipuncture session? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------10 mL What must you do when preparing a peripheral blood slide from a capillary puncture? --- -CORRECT ANSWER-------------Touch the slide to the second drop of blood What should you do when carrying out two blood culture collections for a patient? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Collect one culture from the patient's left arm and the other from a different site on the same arm How should you verify if a forensic specimen matches the requisition form? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Case number Which of the following tests can be used when collecting a peripheral blood smear from a pa-tient? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------WBC differential test How should you complete the screening card when collecting capillary blood for neonatal ana-lysis? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Touch the paper to a drop of blood to saturate each printed circle of the card Which of the following patients can donate blood? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------A 65-year-old patient weighing 54.4 kg Which of the following blood types is a universal recipient? ----CORRECT ANSWER----- --------AB What blood collection amounts are recommended for a 3-year-old child weighing 15.9 kg? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------40 mL How much blood volume does an infant weighing 3 kg have? ----CORRECT ANSWER-- -----------240-330 mL The following conditions are related to what blood cells: thrombocytopenia and myeloprolif-erative disorders. ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Platelets The following conditions are related to which blood cell: Sick cell anemia, polycythemia rubra vera, iron deficiency? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Red blood cells Before collecting a blood smear, check if the patient takes any medications. Which medication can affect a blood smear's results? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------- Antibiotics -Warfarin -NSAIDs What word refers to the total red blood cells in proportion to the total blood volume? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Hemocrit What is the process of stopping bleeding through constricting the blood vessels and blood clotting at a site of injury? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Hemostasis What are blood clots made up of? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Platelets What is it called when blood capillaries rupture? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Contusion What is it called when a vein connects to an artery-changing blood course? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Fistula What happens during the first phase of hemostasis? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Platelets begin blood clotting What happens during the second stage of hemostasis? ----CORRECT ANSWER---------- ---Coagulation cascade What happens during the final stage of hemostasis? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Fibrin clot remodeling What is it called when there is excessive blood clotting? ----CORRECT ANSWER--------- ----Hypercoagulability What is it called when there is too little clotting? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Hypocoagulablity What can hypercoagulability lead to? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Thrombophilia What can hypercoagulability lead to? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Thrombocytopenia Which additive is most recommended for plasma testing? ----CORRECT ANSWER------- ------lithium heparin What is a necessary responsibility of phlebotomists under the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Document information in a sharps injury log What is a requirement for documentation when it comes to a physician ordering a lab test? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------It must include a purpose and have medical necessity Sodium fluoride is used to pre- serve _ for three days. ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Glucose HIV stands for: ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------human immunodeficiency virus What purpose does the multi-draw needle serve? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------To draw multiple tubes of blood from the same patient during venipuncture .In what order should you remove PPE? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Gloves, gown, mask What makes up 55% of blood content? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Plasma How many types of white blood cells are there? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------5 types What color tube should be used to obtain an electrolyte panel specimen? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Green What is a pathogen? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------A non-infectious organism What is a BBP? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Blood-Borne Pathogen