Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - Chemistry Notes, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - Chemistry Notes and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1. In tr od uc ti on o f O rg an ic C om po un ds Introduction of Organic Compounds Why is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to the study of carbon containing compounds? y We study organic chemistry because just about all of the molecules that make life possible—proteins, enzymes, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids—contain carbon, so the chemical reactions that take place in living systems, including our own bodies, are organic reactions. y Most of the compounds found in nature—those we rely on for food, medicine, clothing (cotton, wool, silk), and energy (natural gas, petroleum). Berzelius Vital Force Theory y According to vitalism, organic compounds were only those that came from living organisms, and only living things could synthesize organic compounds through intervention of a vital force. y Inorganic compounds were considered those compounds that came from nonliving sources. y Because chemists could not create life in the laboratory, they assumed they could not create compounds with a vital force. With this mind-set, you can imagine how surprised chemists were in 1828 when Friedrich Wohler produced urea—a compound known to be excreted by mammals— by heating ammonium cyanate, an inorganic mineral. y Failure of Berzelius vital theory and synthesis of first organic compound. Introduction Organic chemistry and you y You are already a highly skilled organic chemist. As you read these words, your eyes are using an organic compound (retinal) to convert visible light into nerve impulses. y When you picked up book, your muscles were doing chemical reactions on sugars to give you the energy you needed. Definition Old definitions of Organic Compounds y Compounds which we can derive from living organisms (Plants & Animals) are called organic compounds Compounds Source 1. Formic acid Ant 2. Sugar Sugarcane 4.In tr od uc ti on o f O rg an ic C om po un ds Q (i) C2H6 (ii) C4H8 (iii) C3H4 Sol 5. Condensed Structural Formulas : Definition In fully condensed formulas, all of the atoms that are attached to the carbon are usually written immediately after that carbon, listing hydrogens first. Q Examples (Unsolved) (a) C2H6 → (b) C3H6 → (c) C5H10 → (d) C4H10 → Sol (a) H3C – CH3 (b) H3C – CH = CH2 or H2C — CH2 CH2 (c) H2C = CH – CH2 – CH3 (d) H3C – CH2 – CH2 –CH3 5. In tr od uc ti on o f O rg an ic C om po un ds 6. Bond-Line Formulas : Examples : Bond line notation : Terminal points and bends represent C, all other valencies are filled by H. Hydrogen atom attach to carbon is not shown. Definition The most common type of structural formula used by organic chemists, and the fastest to draw, is the bond-line formula. (Some chemists call these skeleton formulas.) Degree of Carbon : Degree of a given carbon means number of carbon atoms directly attached to particular carbon atom has to be considered. 1° carbon → Attached to 1C – also known as primary carbon Note : Š If the compound has any hetroatom it will be shown any hydrogen atom attached with it will also be shown. Examples : 6.In tr od uc ti on o f O rg an ic C om po un ds 2° carbon → Attached to 2C – also known as secondary carbon 3° carbon → Tertiary carbon 4° carbon → Quaternary carbon Degree of Hydrogen : Similarly we define degree of H atom as the degree of carbon atom to which it is attached. 1° H → Attached to 1° C 2° H → Attached to 2° C 3° H → Attached to 3° C 4° H → Not possible Example : Q Compound 1°C 2°C 3°C 4°C 1°H 2°H 3°H (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) O Sol Compound 1°C 2°C 3°C 4°C 1°H 2°H 3°H (i) 4 0 0 1 12 0 0 9. In tr od uc ti on o f O rg an ic C om po un ds Q Identify the degree of given amines (1°, 2°, 3° amine) : (i) NH 2 (ii) N H (iii) N (iv) N Sol S.No. Compound 1° 2° 3° amine (i) ü  × × (ii) ×  ü  × (iii) × ×  ü (iv) ×   ×  ü 10.Fu nc ti on al G ro up s an d C la ss ifi ca ti on Functional Groups and Classification Functional groups Definition Part of the molecules which are responsible for the characteristics chemical reactions of those molecules. TYPE OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS H2C = CH2 (Alkene) CH ≡ CH (Alkyne) R–OH (Alcohol) R–SH (Thio alcohol) R–O–R (Ether) R–S–R (Thio ether) R–CH=O (Aldehyde) R–C–R O (Ketone) R–COOH (Carboxylic acid) R–SO3H (Sulphonic acid) R–C≡N (Cyanide) R–N C≡ (Isocyanide) R–C–OR O (Ester) R–C–NH2 O (Amide) R–C–X O (Acid halide) R–N=O (Nitroso) –N=N– (Azo) R–CH=N–R (Imine) R–C–O–C–R O O (Anhydride) (Phenol) (Aniline) (Naphthol) R–NH2 (1° amine) R–NH–R (2° amine) (3° amine) Type of functional groups : Point to remember Due to difference in their properties 1°, 2°, 3° amine are treated as different functional groups but primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are considered as same functional groups. 11. Fu nc ti on al G ro up s an d C la ss ifi ca ti on Q Identify the function group present in given molecule and encircle them: SH Cl OOH Sol Q Identify the function group present in given molecule and encircle them: N O OH HNC Sol N O NC H OH ketone Alcohol Cyanide 2º amine Q Identify the function group present in given molecule and encircle them: O OHC SH O 14.Fu nc ti on al G ro up s an d C la ss ifi ca ti on Example-3 y H–C–OH O Methanoic acid y CH –C–OH3 O Ethanoic acid y CH –CH –C–OH3 2 O Propanoic acid Homologous series of carboxylic acid. y CH –(CH ) –C–OH3 2 2 O Butanoic acid y Pentanoic acid Calculation of number of s bond and π bonds in the compound s bond : Ex. C2H6 Þ 7 s bonds p bond : Ex. C2H4 Þ 5 s bond Introduction y The first bond formed by atom is always s bond. It is formed by axial overlapping. Single bonds are always s bonds. Introduction y If two atoms forms more than one bond between them except the first bond, rest all are p bonds. They are formed by sideways overlapping 15. Fu nc ti on al G ro up s an d C la ss ifi ca ti on Q Find the number of bonds (s bond and p bond) in following compounds : (i) H–C ≡ C – H (ii) H H H H or (iii) C C C CC C N N N N (iv) Sol Compound s bond p bond (i) H–C ≡ C – H 3 2 (ii) 7 1 (iii) 9 9 (iv) 21 3 Q Number of π bonds present in given compound is CO2H Number of π bonds present in given compound is : Sol 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 8 16.Fu nc ti on al G ro up s an d C la ss ifi ca ti on Classification of Organic Compounds Acyclic (open chain) Cyclic (Closed chain) Saturated Homocyclic Alicyclic Alicyclic Aromatic Aromatic Benzenoid Non-Benzenoid Usaturated Hetrocyclic Alkane (C H ) n=1, 2, 3.... n 2n+2 Alkene C H (C=C) n 2n Alkyne C H (C C) n 2n–2 ≡ 19. N om en cl at ur e IUPAC system of Nomenclature y International union of pure and applied chemistry. y IUPAC system for naming is something that is very similar to addressing a person with his complete designation. Definition y According to IUPAC naming of organic compounds have some standard process may be called naming method in which anything about naming of molecule in a systematic way. ß ß ⇓ Dr. Abdul Kalam (Prefix) Main name Surname Secondary prefix y It defines substituent & position of substituent. y IUPAC considers following given groups as substituents : 1. –R Þ alkyl Examples : –CH3 Þ methyl –CH2CH3 Þ ethyl –CH2CH2CH3 Þ propyl –CH2CH2CH2CH3 Þ butyl –Ph Þ phenyl 2. –OR Þ alkoxy Examples : –OCH3 Þ methoxy –OC2H5 Þ ethoxy –OCH2CH2CH3 Þ propoxy –OPh Þ phenoxy 3. –X Þ Halo Examples : –F Þ Fluoro –Cl Þ Chloro –Br Þ Bromo –I Þ Iodo 4. –NO2 Þ Nitro 5. –NO Þ Nitroso 6. –N3 Þ Azido 20.N om en cl at ur e Primary prefix y A primary prefix is used simply to distinguish cyclic from acyclic compounds. y A primary prefix, cyclo is used immediately before the word root. y It defines nature of parent carbon chain. y Open chain (alicyclic) Þ y Closed chain (cyclic) Þ Cyclo y Bicyclic Þ Bicyclo y Spirane Þ Spiro Word Root y It is the basic unit of the name. It denotes the number of carbon atoms present in the principal chain (the longest possible continuous chain of carbon atoms including the functional group and based upon the common names of alkanes) of the organic molecules. According to number of carbon’s in parent C– chain. C1 → meth C11 → undec C2 → eth C12 → dodec C3 → prop C13 → tridec C4 → but : C5 → pent : C6 → hex C20 → eicos C7 → hept : C8 → oct : C9 → non : C10 → dec C100 → hect Primary Suffix y A primary suffix is always added to the word root to indicate whether the carbon chain is saturated or unsaturated. y The three basic primary suffixes are given below : 21. N om en cl at ur e S.NO. TYPE OF CARBON CHAIN PRIMARY SUFFIX GENERAL NAME 1 (a) Saturated -ane Alkane 2 (b) Unsaturated with one double bond -ene Alkene 3 (c) Unsaturated with one triple bond -yne Alkyne y If the parent carbon chain contain two, three or more double or triple bond, numerical prefix such as di (for two), tri (for three), tetra (for four) etc. are added to the primary suffix. For example. 24.N om en cl at ur e Note : y In IUPAC naming numbers of substituent will be separated by (,) comma and number & alphabet is separated by (‘–’) hyphen. y Rule-4 : y If two or more different substituents are present at parent carbon chain then numbering is done according to lowest locant rule while writing IUPAC name follow alphabetical order. Eg. : Rule-5 : If two or more similar substituents are present on parent carbon chain then use di, tri, tetra etc. before 2° prefix while writing IUPAC name but di, tri, tetra, etc. are not considered alphabetically. Eg. : (1) (2) (3) Rule-6 : y If two or more substituents are present on parent carbon chain and they get same number from either side during numbering then numbering is done by alphabetical order. Eg. : 25. N om en cl at ur e Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Sol 1. 2. 2,2-dimethylpropane 3,3-diethylpentane 3. 4. 2,2,4-trimethylhexane 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane 5. 6. 5-bromo-2,3-dichlorohexane 3-chloro-4-ethylhexane 7. 8. 3,4-dimethylhexane 3-bromo-1-chloro-2-iodopentane 26.N om en cl at ur e Nomenclature of cyclic alkane Rule : y The cyclic structure or ring is considered as P.C.C. till the number of carbon in the ring is same or greater than number of carbon in chain. y Rest all rules are similar as nomenclature of alkane. Examples : 1. → 1-methylcyclohexane 2. → 1-ethylcyclopropane ‘or’ ethylcyclopropane 3. → Propylcyclopropane 4. → 1-cyclopropylbutane 5. → 1-ethyl-1,2-dimethylhexane 29. N om en cl at ur e of A lk en e & A lk yn e Examples : 1. CH2 = CH – CH2 – C ≡ CH 1 2 3 4 5 Pent-1-en-4-yne 2. CH3 – CH = CH – CH2 – C ≡ C – CH3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hept-2-en-5-yne Q 1. 2. 3. 4. Cl 5. CH 2 6. Br – C ≡ C – CH2 – CH3 7. CH3 – C ≡ C – CH2 – CH = CH2 Sol 1. 3-ethylhex-1-ene 2. 4-ethylhept-1-ene 3. 4-chlorobut-1-yne 4. Buta-1,3-diyne 5. 1-cyclopropyleth-1-ene 6. 1-bromobut-1-yne 7. Hex-1-en-4yne Nomenclature of cyclic alkene Rule : All rules are similar to alkene & alkyne but during numbering 1 number is always given to alkene.         ü  3-methylcyclohex-1-ene 30.N om en cl at ur e of A lk en e & A lk yn e Q 1. 2 3. 4. Br Cl 5. BrCl 6. Br Sol 1. 3,4-dimethylcyclobut-1-ene 2. 1,4-dimethylcyclobut-1-ene 3. 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclobut-1-ene 4. 3-bromo-6-chlorocyclohex-1-ene 5. 1-bromo-4-chlorocyclopenta-1,3-diene 6. 6-bromo-3-ethyl-3-methylcyclohex-1-ene 31. N om en cl at ur e of C om pl ex L oc an t Nomenclature of Complex Locant Definition Complex locant is defined as which consist of substituent in substituent. S.NO. COMPLEX LOCANT COMMON NAME IUPAC NAME 1 Iso propyl 1-methyl ethyl 2 Sec-butyl 1-methyl propyl 3 Iso-butyl 2-methyl propyl 4 Iso-pentyl 3-methyl butyl 5 Tert-butyl 1,1-dimethyl ethyl 6 Neo pentyl 2,2-dimethyl propyl 34.N om en cl at ur e of C om pl ex L oc an t Examples : (i) = CH2 Methylene or methylidene only for this (ii) = CH–CH3 Ethylidene (iii) = CH–CH2–CH3 Propylidene (iv) Cyclopropylidene (v) Cyclobutylidene Example : 4-methylenehepta-1,6-diene ‘or’ 4-methylidenehepta-1,6-diene Note : 1. CH2=CH2 vinyl CH2 = CH – (vinylic carbon) 2. CH3–CH=CH2 allyl CH2=CH–CH2– (allylic carbon) 3. Example : 4. Example : Q C3H6Br2, How many gem dibromide are possible and how many vicinal dibromide are possible ? Sol H C—CH—CH 3 2—— Br Br Geminal Geminal Vicinal 35. N om en cl at ur e of C om pl ex L oc an t Nomenclature of Epoxy 2° prefix - epoxy Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sol 1. 1, 2-epoxyethane 2. 1, 2-epoxypropane 3. 2,3-epoxybutane 4. 2,4-epoxypentane 5. (2,3), (4,5)-diepoxyhexane 36.IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s IUPAC Naming of Functional Groups IUPAC Naming of Functional Groups 1. Carboxilic Acid 2. Sulphonic Acid 3. Acid Anhydride 4. Ester 1. Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid 2° suffix oic acid Q 1. H C OH O 2. CH 3 C OH O 3. COOH 4. C H O 5. OH O 6. Cl 3 C C OH O 7. CH 2 C OH O Sol 1. H – C – OH O 1 Methanoic acid 2. CH – C – OH3 O 12 Ethanoic acid 3. 2-methylbut-2-en-oic acid 4. 3[cycloprop-2-enyl]butanoic acid 39. IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s 4. But-3-ene-1-sulphonic acid 5. Pent-1-en-4-yne-3-sulphonic acid 3. Nomenclature of Anhydride 2° suffix oic anhydride Examples : 1. 2. Q 1. 2. 3. O OO 4. O OO ClBr 5. O O O 40.IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s Sol 1. Methanoicanhydride 2. Ethanoicpropanoicanhydride 3. 2-methylpropanoic-prop-2-enoic anhydride 4. 2-bromoethanoic-2-chloroethanoic anhydride 5. O O O 1 2 Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride 4. Nomenclature of Ester 2° suffix oate Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 41. IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s Sol 1. Ethylpropanoate 2. Ethyl-2-bromopropanoate 3. Methylmethanoate 4. [1-chloroethenyl]-2-bromobutanoate 5. Cyclopropylpentanoate 6. Pent-3-enylethanoate 7. 2-bromo-1-methyleth-1-eyl-2- chlorobutanoate Priority List of Functional Group S.NO. FUNCTIONAL GROUP 2° PREFIX 2° SUFFIX 1 – COOH carboxylic acid oic acid 2 – SO3H sulpho sulphonic acid 44.IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s 8. 3-cyclopropylpentan-1-oylchloride Nomenclatue of Amide 2° su x : amide Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sol 1.    2-bromo-N,N-dimethylpropanamide 2. Ethanamide 3. N-ethylethanamide 4. N, 2-dibromopropanamide 5. N-bromo-N-chloropropanamide Nomenclature of Cyanide (R–CN) 2° su x nitrile 45. IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s Q 1. CH3 – C ≡ N 2. 3. 4. 5. CH2=CH–CN 6. 7. Sol 1. CH3 – C ≡ N Ethanenitrile 2. 5 4 3 2 1 Pentanenitrile 3. 2-ethylhexanenitrile 4. 2-ethylbut-3-ene-1-nitrile 5. Pent-4-en-2-yne-1-nitrile 6. 3-cyclopropylpentanenitrile 7. 3-bromo-2-[1-chloroethenyl]-but-3-enenitrile Nomenclature of Aldehyde 2° suffix al 46.IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s Q 1. CH – C – H3 O 2. 3. O H 4.   5. 6. 7. 8. CH 2 C H O 9. Sol 1. Ethanal 2. Methanal 3. Prop-2-en-1-al 4. But-2-en-1-al 5. 2-ethylpent-1-al 6. 4-[cyclolprop-2-enyl]pentan-1-al 7. Pent-4-en-1-al 49. IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s Q3 Write down the correct IUPAC name of given compound : Sol 5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-methylhepta-3,5-dienamide Q4 Write down the correct IUPAC name of given compound : Sol 3’-carbamoyl-2-cyclobutenyl-4’- isocyanocyclohexanoylchloride Q5 Write down the correct IUPAC name of given compound : Sol 2-[2’-isocyanoethenyl]pent-2-en-4-ynenitrile 50.IU PA C N am in g of F un ct io na l G ro up s Q6 Write down the correct IUPAC name of given compound : Sol 2-[2’-bromo-1’-cyano-3’-fluorocycloprop-2-enyl] ethanamide 51. IU PA C N am in g of A lc oh ol a nd A m in e IUPAC Naming of Alcohol and Amine Nomenclatue of Alcohol (R–OH) Secondary suffix – ‘ol’ Rule-1 : Select longest carbon chain containing 1. Functional group 2. Multiple bond 3. Locant / substituent Priority : (i) > (ii) > (iii) Rule-2 : While numbering, functional group is given more preference over multiple bonds. Priority : Functional group>Multiple bond > Substituents Let’s understand IUPAC Naming of 1. Alcohol 2. Amine Q 1. OH 2. OH 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Sol 1. 4-methylpentan-1-ol 2. 4-methylpentan-2-ol 3. Prop-2-ene-1-ol 54.IU PA C N am in g of A lc oh ol a nd A m in e 8. N-ethyl-N-methylbutan-2-amine 9. 2-methylpropan-2-amine 10. NH21 2 3 Prop-2-en-1-amine Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Sol 1. 3-chloro-5-cyano-4-oxoheptanoicacid 2. 2-hydroxypropanoicacid 3. Ethyl-3-oxobutanoate 55. IU PA C N am in g of A lc oh ol a nd A m in e 4. 5-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one 5. 6-amino-5-carbamoylheptane-2-sulphonic acid 6. 4-methoxycarbonylbut-2-en-1-oic acid 7. 4-ethanoyloxybutanoic acid 8. 4-ethanoyloxy-2-methylbutanoic acid 9. 3-chloroformyl-2-methyl-4- [N-methylamino]pentanoic acid 10. 2-cyanoethanoic acid 56.IU PA C N am in g of A lc oh ol a nd A m in e Subjective Problems Q1 Write the IUPAC name of given compound : Sol O NH2OH 1 2 3 4 5 3-amino-1-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Q2 IUPAC name of given compound is a-bromo-b-chlorocyclohex-p-en-1,4-dione Find a + b + p = Sol O O Cl Br 1 2 3 4 5 6 5-bromo-2-chlorocyclohex-2-en-1,4-dione a = 5, b = 2, p = 2 \ a + b + p = 5 + 2 + 2 = 9 Q Write down the correct IUPAC name of following compounds : (I) (II) (III) Sol (I) 2-oxopropanal 59. Sp ec ifi c R ul e an d A ro m at ic C om po un d N am in g Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sol 1. CH — CH CH2 2— COOH COOH COOH 123 propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid 2. H C – HC – CH2 2 CN CN CN 123 propane-1,2,3-tricarbonitrile 3. CHO CHO CHO 1 2 3 propane-1,2,3-tricarbaldehyde 4. C – OEt C – OEt C – OEt O O O 1 2 3 triethylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Specific Rule and Aromatic Compound Naming Introduction Specific Rule of 1993 In an unbranched alkane 3 or more than 3 carbon containing functional group are attached then alkane is considered as parent carbon chain. 60.Sp ec ifi c R ul e an d A ro m at ic C om po un d N am in g 5. OH OH OH 1 2 3 propane-1,2,3-triol Special Note 1. Aldehyde 1. Carbaldehyde 2. Carboxylic acid 2. Carboxylic acid 3. Acid Chloride 3. Carbonylchloride 4. Amide 4. Carboxamide 5. Cyanide 5. Carbonitrile 6. Ester 6. Carboxylate Point to remember If carbon containing terminal functional group is present on cyclic ring then ring is considered as parent carbon chain and carbo word is introduced for that functional group. Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Sol 1. cyclohexanecarbaldehyde 2. cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 3. cyclohexanecarbonylchloride 61. Sp ec ifi c R ul e an d A ro m at ic C om po un d N am in g 4. cyclohexanecarboxamide 5. cyclohexanecarbonitrile 6. methylcyclohexanecarboxylate 7. CH – C – H2 O 12 2-cyclopentylethanal NOMENCLATURE OF AROMATIC COMPOUND 1. Simple Naming Rule-1 : Ethylbenzene Rule-2 : Point to remember If pure alkane directly attached with benzene then consider benzene as parent chain and write as benzene only. Point to remember If attached group on benzene is not pure alkane then benzene will be considered as substituent and 2° prefix phenyl is used for it. 64.Sp ec ifi c R ul e an d A ro m at ic C om po un d N am in g 2. 4-chlorotoluene or 1-chloro-4-methylbenzene 3. 4. 3-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol 5. 6. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Subjective Questions : Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 65. Sp ec ifi c R ul e an d A ro m at ic C om po un d N am in g 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 66.Sp ec ifi c R ul e an d A ro m at ic C om po un d N am in g Sol 1. ethyl-2-chlorocarbonylbenzene carboxylate 2. ethyl-3-aminobenzoate 3. 4. 3-chlorophenol 2-phenylethanenitrile 5. 6. 1-phenylethanone 1-phenylpropan-2-one 7. 8. 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one 4-phenylbutan-2-ol 9. 10. 1,1-diphenylmethanone 2-bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile 69. N am in g of B ic yc lo C om po un ds Example : 8-Methyl bicyclo [3.2.1] octane Q Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: 1. 2. 3. Cl Et 4. Me Br Sol 1. 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 2. 1 2 3 4 5 Bicylo [5.1.0] octane Bicylo [1.1.1] pentane 3. 4. 7-chloro-2-ethyl bicyclo [2.2.1] 3-bromo-6-methyl bicyclo [3.2.0] heptane heptane NAMING OF SPIRANES / SPIRO y In substituted spiranes, the numbering is started next to the fused C atom in the lower-membered ring. Definition Spiranes are poly cyclics that share only one C atom. 70.N am in g of B ic yc lo C om po un ds Example : Example : 1. 2. 3. COMMON & IUPAC NAMES OF SOME HALIDES 1. CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3 Common name : sec-butyl chloride IUPAC name : 2-chlorobutane 2. (CH3)3CCH2Br Common name : neo-pentyl bromide IUPAC name : 1-bromo-2,2-dimethyl propane 3. (CH3)3CBr Common name : tert-butyl bromide IUPAC name : 2-bromo-2-methyl propane 4. CH2 = CHCl Common name : Vinyl chloride IUPAC name : 1-chloroethene 5. CH2 = CHCH2Br Common name : Allyl bromide IUPAC name : 2-bromoprop-1-ene 6. Cl CH 3 Common name : o-chlorotoluene IUPAC name : 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene or 2-chlorotoluene 7. CH 2 Cl Common name : Benzyl chloride IUPAC name : chlorophenylmethane 8. CH2Cl2 Common name : Methylene chloride IUPAC name : Dichloromethane 71. N am in g of B ic yc lo C om po un ds 9. CHCl3 Common name : Chloroform IUPAC name : Trichloromethane 10. CHBr3 Common name : Bromoform IUPAC name : Tribromomethane 11. CCl4 Common name : Carbon tetrachloride IUPAC name : Tetrachloromethane 12. CH3CH2CH2F Common name : n-propyl fluoride IUPAC name : 1-fluoropropane 13. OH CH 3 Common name : o-cresol IUPAC name : 2-methyl phenol 14. CH 3 OH Common name : m-cresol IUPAC name : 3-methyl phenol 15. CH 3 OH Common name : p-cresol IUPAC name : 4-methyl phenol Alcohols 1. CH3–OH Common name : Methyl alcohol IUPAC name : Methanol 2. CH3–CH2–CH2–OH Common name : n-propyl alcohol IUPAC name : Propan-1-ol 3. Common name : Isopropyl alcohol IUPAC name : Propan-2-ol 4. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH Common name : n-butyl alcohol IUPAC name : Butan-1-ol 74.N am in g of B ic yc lo C om po un ds 5. CH2 = CH–CHO Common name : Acrolein / Acrylaldehyde IUPAC name : Prop-2-enal 6. CHO CHO Common name : Phthaldehyde IUPAC name : Benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde 7. CHO Br Common name : m-bromo benzaldehyde IUPAC name : 3-bromo benzene carbaldehyde Ketones 1. CH3COCH2CH2CH3 Common name : Methyl n-propyl ketone IUPAC name : Pentan-2-one 2. (CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2 Common name : Diisopropyl ketone IUPAC name : 2,4-dimethylpentan-3- one 3. O CH 3 Common name : 2-methyl cyclo hexanone IUPAC name : 2-methyl cyclohexanone 4. (CH3)2C = CHCOCH3 Common name : Mesityl oxide IUPAC name : 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one 75. N am in g of B ic yc lo C om po un ds Carboxylic Acids 1. HCOOH Common name : Formic acid IUPAC name : Methanoic acid 2. CH3COOH Common name : Acetic acid IUPAC name : Ethanoic acid 3. CH3CH2COOH Common name : Propionic acid IUPAC name : Propanoic acid 4. (CH3)2CHCOOH Common name : Isobutyric acid IUPAC name : 2-methyl propanoic acid 5. CH 2 COOH Common name : Phenylacetic acid IUPAC name : 2-phenyl ethanoic acid 6. COOH COOH Common name : Phthalic acid IUPAC name : Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 7. HOOC–CH2 – CH(COOH) – CH2–COOH IUPAC name : Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Amines 1. CH3 – CH2 – NH2 Common name : Ethylamine IUPAC name : Ethanamine 2. CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – NH2 Common name : n-propylamine IUPAC name : Propan-1-amine 3. Common name : Iso-propyl amine IUPAC name : Propan-2-amine 4. Common name : Ethyl methyl amine IUPAC name : N-methylethanamine 76.N am in g of B ic yc lo C om po un ds 5. Common name : Trimethylamine IUPAC name : N, N-dimethylmethanamine 6. Common name : N, N-diethyl butylamine IUPAC name : N, N-diethyl butanamine 7. NH2 – CH2 – CH = CH2 Common name : Allylamine IUPAC name : Prop-2-en-1-amine 8. NH2 – (CH2)6–NH2 Common name : Hexamethylene diamine IUPAC name : Hexane-1,6-diamine 9. NH 2 Common name : Aniline IUPAC name : Aniline or benzenamine 10. NH 2 Br Common name : p-bromo aniline IUPAC name : 4-bromobenzenamine or 4-bromo aniline 11. N(CH 3 ) 2 Common name : N, N-dimethylaniline IUPAC name : N, N-dimethylbenzenamine