Non Experimental Techniques - Research Methods in Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Research Methodology

Download Non Experimental Techniques - Research Methods in Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Research Methodology in PDF only on Docsity! Research Methods Non Experimental Techniques Docsity.com Non-Experimental Techniques BATs Be able to describe the different types of non-experimental techniques in Psychological research. Identify different techniques in research studies learned so far Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each type of technique Interpret data from a correlational analysis Docsity.com Non-Experimental Techniques Choose one Non-experimental technique from the list below: Naturalistic Observation p86/88 Questionnaire Survey p91/93 Interview p94/95 Correlational Analysis p84/5 Case Studies p97/99 Content analysis p124/5 Use your text book to find out: 1. Uses of this type of research 2. Its strengths and weaknesses. 3. Examples 4. Ethical Issues You will share your findings with the rest of the class/group Docsity.com Non-Experimental Techniques Now go round the other groups to fill in the rest of your sheet Docsity.com Correlational Analysis • A technique that shows whether or not 2 variables are associated. • Correlations are presented as - a scattergram - A correlation coefficient – ranges from -1 to +1 (tells you the strength of the correlation) -1 = strong negative correlation +1= strong positive correlation Docsity.com Hypotheses in Correlational Studies • More correct to use the term alternative hypothesis as not an experiment. • Non-Directional hypothesis = There will be a relationship between age and intelligence • Directional – there will be a positive correlation between age and intelligence or as age increases intelligence increases • Null hypothesis – any relationship between variable x and variable y is due to chance Docsity.com Try out a Correlational Analysis • Aim: To find out if there is a correlation between exam stress score and exam confidence score • Write an ALTERNATIVE operationalised hypothesis. • Use the worksheets to help you collect data Docsity.com Applying this to your data! • Create a scattergram for your data • Use Excel to calculate the correlation coefficient of the data. • Was there a correlation between the 2 variables? • See next slide or worksheet for instructions on how to calculate Correlation coefficient using Excel Docsity.com Observations Using Behavioural Categories • Impossible to record all behaviours in an observation • Researchers decide which specific behaviours will be the focus of the observation • Behavioural Categories operationalised (measurable) and clearly defined so that all observers record same info. (improves inter-observer reliability) Docsity.com Coding systems, categories and rating scales Uses • Observational studies • Content analysis What are they? A code is invented to represent each category of behaviour Sometimes a list of behaviours is rated by the observer on a rating scale Why used? • To prevent observer bias and improve inter- observer reliability (cuts down differences between observers) Docsity.com Examples of coding systems Observers rates each item on a 7 point scale from inadequate to excellent Facial Action Coding System Early Child Environment Rating Scale Docsity.com