NOPE! It's Greek. Ethos, pathos, and logos, Study notes of Art

Download NOPE! It's Greek. Ethos, pathos, and logos and more Study notes Art in PDF only on Docsity! Aristotle was an ancient Greek intellectual. He studied and wrote about nearly everything, from science to philosophy. He wrote “Rhetoric,” which examined the art of persuasion. In this text, he explained ethos, pathos, and logos. ARISTOTLE: Rhetorician Because persuasion is a part of life, and these appeals are tried-and-true. You have probably used these appeals without even realizing it, and you will probably use these appeals again. But if you can fully understand these appeals, you will know exactly HOW to use them to persuade others to think or do something. You want to get your way? You need to know how to play the persuasion game to win your audience over with ETHOS, PATHOS, AND LOGOS, or EPL. ☺ PERSUASION: Why care? Ethos is an appeal to the speaker’s ethics—his or her character, credibility, and authority on the subject. • The audience must trust the speaker in order for persuasion to happen. • It’s not enough to be credible; the speaker must deliberately demonstrate this credibility and reliability. ETHOS: Ethical appeal PATHOS: How to use it •Know your audience and know what emotion or subject will move them in the way you want! •Make it personal for the audience. Tug on their heartstrings, or scare them into persuasion! •Use descriptive, vivid language and imagery to make it more real. •Use examples and stories that will engage the audience and evoke emotions. LOGOS: Logical appeal Logos is an appeal to logic and reasoning. •The speaker must prove his/her claims with evidence and reasoning. •Strong evidence and solid reasoning is difficult to dismiss, so logos is essential to persuasion. LOGOS: How to use it •Make sure your argument makes logical sense. Avoid logical fallacies (FLAWS IN LOGIC) •Make sure your argument is clear and easily understood. If your audience can’t understand it, you can’t convince them. •Use facts, statistics, numbers, charts, etc. EXAMPLES: Commercials SOME OF THESE CONTAIN MORE THAN ONE APPEAL, SO WATCH CLOSELY! • SMOKING PSA • OBAMA CAMPAIGN • VERIZON • ALLSTATE • GOOGLE CHROME • DISTRACTED DRIVING • WESLEY MEREDITH EXAMPLE: “I have a dream” But one hundred years later, the negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. “I have a dream,” Martin Luther King Junior He uses imagery and word choice to help the audience visualize the “shameful condition” of inequality, thus evoking pity from the audience. ✓“Sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation” ✓ “The negro lives on a lonely island of poverty” ✓“Languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile” ✓“a shameful condition” PATHOS: Emotional appeal EXAMPLE: State of the Union Will we allow ourselves to be sorted into factions and turned against one another – or will we recapture the sense of common purpose that has always propelled America forward? In two weeks, I will send this congress a budget filled with ideas that are practical, not partisan. And in the months ahead, I’ll crisscross the country making a case for those ideas. So tonight, I want to focus less on a checklist of proposals, and focus more on the values at stake in the choices before us. -State of the Union address, 2015, Barack Obama Obama is trying to convince his audience that he is a good president doing what is best for the nation. He emphasizing that he is focusing on practicality and values, rather than political partisanship. • “The sense of common purpose that has always propelled America forward” • “A budget filled with ideas that are practical, not partisan.” • “I want to focus less on a checklist of proposals, and focus more on the values at stake in the choices before us.” ETHOS: Ethical appeal DISCUSS: Turn and talk •Which appeal is most persuasive to you? Why? •How might these appeals be connected to purpose and target audience? In what context would it be important to use ethos? Pathos? Logos? •Beyond ethos, pathos, and logos, what might be some other ways to persuade people?