Download Understanding Deductive Arguments & Technology's Impact on Progress - Prof. Matthew Ferkan and more Study notes Art in PDF only on Docsity! Logic and Deductive Arguments 1.) Arguments are sets of statements comprised of premises and a conclusion. Premises are reasons offered in support of the conclusion. 2.) Deductive Validity: Argument which if the premises were all true, then the conclusion would have to be true. Deductive Invalidity: If and only if it is not valid Soundness: If and only if it is valid and all of its premises are true 3.) Modus Ponens: P: If P, then Q P: If P C: Then Q is true Modus Tollens: P: If P, then Q P: P is false/NOT C: Then P is false/NOT Technology and Progress 1.) Condorcet: Techno-Optimism: Believe technology is not responsible for social problems, rather an important means to solution Techno-Pessimism: Believe technology IS responsible for social problems. Emphasize the risk and cost of technological change. Technology is unimportant to progress Techno-Realism: Acknowledges both cost & benefits of technology Population Problem: Problem of the Enlightenment Era, Overpopulation Condorcet & French Revolution: Only giant of the Enlightenment Era present at French Revolution. In 1971, he was elected as the Paris representative in the Legislative Assembly, and then became the Secretary of the Assembly. The Assembly adopted Condorcet's design for state education system. He saw as embodying a great hope for his "rationalist" reconstruction of society. He voted against the execution of the Louis XVI. During his time of hiding, he wrote his great humanitarian tract on the progress of the human spirit (1795). Enlightenment Period: Newtonian physics, scientific method displace ancient Aristotelian, Catholic world view Enlightenment Period Affected: Problems included Overpopulation. Condorcet’s reply: “The progress of reason” 2.) Frankenstein (1931) & Tenner: Plot & Characters: Henry, the Monster, Elizabeth (Henry’s sister), Maria (dead girl), Victor (Elizabeth’s fiancé), Dr. Waldman (Henry’s old professor), Baron (Henry & Elizabeth’s father), & Fritz (Henry’s assistant) Technological Systems: Control of acute has indirectly promoted chronic problems. Organization of knowledge, people, and things to accomplish specific practice goals. Revenge Effects: Revenge Effects are different than a side effect. Many kinds of revenge effects: Repeating, Rearranging, Repeating, Re-complicating, Regenerating, & Re-congesting Effects. Not all technology is highly vulnerable to revenge effects Chronic & Acute Problems: “Control of the acute has indirectly promoted chronic problems” (Tenner, 26). Idealism & Romantic Era: Romantic Era- Expression through improvisatory form, sharp changes in rhythm and volume, & dissonant harmonies. Greater expression of disorientation, frustration, & anxiety. Refinement of piano. Romantic Era Affected: New technology was the piano. Before, musicians used a harp plucked individual strings & resulted in no volume control while playing. No matter how hard or soft fingers are pressed down, it would pluck each string at same volume. With pianos, there are mallets inside, so they hit each string instead of plucking. This will allow the player to be able to play softly and loudly and any volume in between. 3.) Collins & Pinch (pg 1-6, 57-74)…(PDF: 15-20, 71-89) Golem: Without control a golem may destroy its master. Golem science is not to be blamed for mistakes, they are our mistakes. A Creature of our art & our craft Science & Tech. with Golem: Experimenters regress, distance lends enchantment, evidential context, ‘science at the research frontier is a matter of skill,’ requires expertise. Does not imply that one person’s view is as good as another’s when it comes to scientific and technical matter. ‘Applied Science’: Problems of science in another form ‘Experimenter’s Regress’: It is hard for a test to have an definite/clear-cut (unambiguous) outcome because one can never be sure whether the test has been properly conducted until one knows what the correct outcome should be.
