Mood Disorders & Suicide: Prevalence, Risk Factors & Treatments - Prof. Joshua Miller, Study notes of Psychopathology

Download Mood Disorders & Suicide: Prevalence, Risk Factors & Treatments - Prof. Joshua Miller and more Study notes Psychopathology in PDF only on Docsity! Mood and Suicide An Overview of Mood Disorders • Mood Disorders • Types of DSM-IV-TR Depressive Disorders • Types of DSM-IV-TR Bipolar Disorders • Overview and Defining Features – Major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder • Facts and Statistics Double Depression: An Overview Bipolar I Disorder: An Overview • Overview and Defining Features – Essential feature – occurrence of one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes (depression and mania) • Mania – Distinct period of elevated or irritable mood (1 week) • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity • Decreased need for sleep • More talkative; pressured speech • Flight of ideas; racing thoughts • Distractibility • Increase in goal-directed behavior • Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities • Facts and Statistics Bipolar II Disorder: An Overview • Overview and Defining Features – Alternating major depressive and hypomanic episodes (like mania but causes less impairment) • Facts and Statistics • Course Specifiers – Longitudinal course – Rapid cycling pattern – Seasonal pattern Additional Defining Criteria for Mood Disorders: Course Specifiers • Worldwide Lifetime Prevalence • Sex Differences • Prevalence of Depression Does not Vary Across Subcultures • Relation Between Anxiety and Depression Mood Disorders: Additional Facts and Statistics • Family Studies • Twin Studies Mood Disorders: Familial and Genetic Influences Mood Disorders: Psychological Influences (Learned Helplessness) • The Learned Helplessness Theory of Depression • Depressive Attributional Style – Internal attributions – Stable attributions – Global attribution – All three domains contribute to a sense of hopelessness but it is the hopelessness that leads to depression. Mood Disorders: Psychological Influences (Cognitive Theory) • Aaron T. Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression • Types of Cognitive Errors – Arbitrary inference – Overgeneralization – Dichotomous thinking – Personalization • Cognitive Errors and the Depressive Cognitive Triad Integrative Model of Mood Disorders • Shared Biological Vulnerability • Exposure to Stress • Social and Interpersonal Relationships are Moderators Treatment of Mood Disorders: Tricyclic Medications • Widely Used – Examples include Tofranil, Elavil • Block Reuptake • Takes 2 to 8 Weeks for the Effects to be Known • Negative Side Effects Are Common • May be Lethal in Excessive Doses • Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) • MAO Inhibitors block Monoamine Oxidase • As or slightly more effective than tricyclics • Must avoid certain foods containing Tyramine • Can interact dangerously with other medicines • Rarely used Treatment of Mood Disorders: Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors Treatment of Mood Disorders: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • ECT – ECT Is effective for cases of severe depression – Side effects Psychological Treatment of Mood Disorders • Cognitive Therapy (CBT) • Behavioral Activation • Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) • Outcomes with Psychological Treatments (CBT and IPT) • Prevention programs – Teaching social and problem-solving skills • Psychological Treatment for Bipolar Disorder