Notes on Nuclear Power Plants in Nuclear Energy | NUEN 101, Study notes of Engineering

Download Notes on Nuclear Power Plants in Nuclear Energy | NUEN 101 and more Study notes Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Nuclear Power Plants -History  Fissioning atoms to electricity  Fission discovered 1939  Dec 2, 1942 first reactor  Dec 20, 1951 first electricity produced from nuclear energy  Feb. 1958 first commercial operating reactor  1970-gas shortage -Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)  Reactor vessel heats control rods and put through the pressurizer  Steam generator is moved by steam from water which move turbine then steam is cooled to the condenser  The turbine turns the generator to create electricity -fission  Neutron incident on fissionable nucleus  Neutron is absorbed and a compound nucleus is formed  Distortion of the compound nucleus  Splits and self-sustaining fission -Reactor requirements  Fuel; U235  Coolant; Hydrogen  Moderator; graphite  Control Material; poisons, liquid material, control rods, all absorb neutrons, making them unavailable for fission -Nuclear Furl  Natural uranium -Boiling Water Reactor(BWR)  No steam generator  Steam directly to turbine -Fuel Consumption  Fission fragments are result of fission  Some fragments are neutron absorber  Must be replaced if there are more fragments then fuel -RBMK -CANDU Nuclear Power Plants -History  Fissioning atoms to electricity  Fission discovered 1939  Dec 2, 1942 first reactor  Dec 20, 1951 first electricity produced from nuclear energy  Feb. 1958 first commercial operating reactor  1970-gas shortage -Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)  Reactor vessel heats control rods and put through the pressurizer  Steam generator is moved by steam from water which move turbine then steam is cooled to the condenser  The turbine turns the generator to create electricity -fission  Neutron incident on fissionable nucleus  Neutron is absorbed and a compound nucleus is formed  Distortion of the compound nucleus  Splits and self-sustaining fission -Reactor requirements  Fuel; U235  Coolant; Hydrogen  Moderator; graphite  Control Material; poisons, liquid material, control rods, all absorb neutrons, making them unavailable for fission -Nuclear Furl  Natural uranium -Boiling Water Reactor(BWR)  No steam generator  Steam directly to turbine -Fuel Consumption  Fission fragments are result of fission  Some fragments are neutron absorber  Must be replaced if there are more fragments then fuel -RBMK -CANDU -Sodium Cooled Fat reactor -Packed Bed Modular Reactor Bio-effects of radiation -Radiation; capable of producing ionization in the material through which it passes  Directly ionizing  Indirectly ionizing radiation -Where?  Naturally -Air water cosmic our bodies  Anthropogenic sources -Nuclear industry consumer products  Medical treatments -Indirectly ionizing  Most deadly  Must interact  Gamma x rays and neutrons -Photoelectric effect  Electrons expelled  Maybe ionize -Compton Scattering -Pair Production -1 rad=10^-2 Jkg^-1 -Time Frame for radiation effects  Body has 70-85% water  Proteins carbs lipids  Up to years -Acute does; short periods of time -chronic dose; oo Radiation Detectors -Ernest Ruther coined alpha and beta -1899 -1908 Geiger counter -Pasive